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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:48 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014940
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14940
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAlfentanil
DescriptionAlfentanil, also known as rapifen or fanaxal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anilides. These are organic heterocyclic compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l not 0) by replacing an OH group by the NHPh group or derivative formed by ring substitution. Alfentanil is a drug which is used for the management of postoperative pain and the maintenance of general anesthesia. Alfentanil is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). In humans, alfentanil is involved in alfentanil action pathway. Alfentanil was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1976. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. While alfentanil tends to cause fewer cardiovascular complications than other similar drugs such as fentanyl and remifentanil, it tends to give stronger respiratory depression and so requires careful monitoring of breathing and vital signs. Alfentanil (R-39209, trade name Alfenta, Rapifen in Australia) is a potent but short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug, used for anaesthesia in surgery. It is an agonist at mu opioid receptors. Alfentanil is a potentially toxic compound. Alfentanil is a restricted drug which is classified as Schedule II in the US, according to the U.S. DEA website. It is an analogue of fentanyl with around 1/4 to 1/10 the potency of fentanyl and around 1/3 of the duration of action, but with an onset of effects 4x faster than fentanyl. Almost exclusively used by anesthesia providers during portions of a case where quick, fast acting (though not long lasting) pain control is needed (i.e. during a nerve block, head pinning etc.) Alfentanil is administered by the parenteral (injected) route for fast onset of effects and precise control of dosage.
Structure
Data?1582753238
Synonyms
ValueSource
AlfentanilumChEBI
AlfentanylChEBI
N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilideChEBI
RapifenKegg
Esteve brand OF alfentanil hydrochlorideHMDB
FanaxalHMDB
ICI brand OF alfentanil hydrochlorideHMDB
Janssen brand OF alfentanil hydrochlorideHMDB
LimifenHMDB
AlfentaHMDB
Alfentanil hydrochlorideHMDB
Chemical FormulaC21H32N6O3
Average Molecular Weight416.5172
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight416.25358892
IUPAC NameN-{1-[2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-(methoxymethyl)piperidin-4-yl}-N-phenylpropanamide
Traditional Namealfentanil
CAS Registry Number71195-58-9
SMILES
CCN1N=NN(CCN2CCC(COC)(CC2)N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2)C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H32N6O3/c1-4-19(28)27(18-9-7-6-8-10-18)21(17-30-3)11-13-24(14-12-21)15-16-26-20(29)25(5-2)22-23-26/h6-10H,4-5,11-17H2,1-3H3
InChI KeyIDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anilides. These are organic heterocyclic compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l not 0) by replacing an OH group by the NHPh group or derivative formed by ring substitution.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassAnilides
Direct ParentAnilides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Anilide
  • Piperidine
  • Azole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Tetrazole
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point140.8 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.25 g/LNot Available
LogP0.2Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM199.830932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.25 g/LALOGPS
logP2.2ALOGPS
logP2.81ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area81.05 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity118.59 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability45.57 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+197.48731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-195.1531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+194.50430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-191.95330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-226.57330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+202.86530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+199.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+197.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+201.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+202.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-195.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-196.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-197.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AlfentanilCCN1N=NN(CCN2CCC(COC)(CC2)N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2)C1=O3663.6Standard polar33892256
AlfentanilCCN1N=NN(CCN2CCC(COC)(CC2)N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2)C1=O3239.9Standard non polar33892256
AlfentanilCCN1N=NN(CCN2CCC(COC)(CC2)N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2)C1=O3202.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Alfentanil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0aps-5759000000-11ce8f647981a86e29932017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Alfentanil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Alfentanil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-a802cc961dad7c6326a52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0395300000-498fafc6962b6fd82e9c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0912000000-43c2343a5fa4997ca93a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-2900000000-16b845b2c742175e38cd2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-7900000000-e9bd243460dd405076192017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-2900000000-16b845b2c742175e38cd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-7900000000-e9bd243460dd405076192021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0912000000-43c2343a5fa4997ca93a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0912000000-b5e89d86b302adb655172021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-2900000000-d76f968c16c60e097fbc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0395300000-498fafc6962b6fd82e9c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-a802cc961dad7c6326a52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-7900000000-7fdf62ef447e7c6e19fa2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0912000000-1f6c2333f39ce390e20e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015a-7900000000-1c558c3f776664f15eb12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9007000000-cbc10f94b61327a4ec792016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9022000000-5dee7e8e9ca18ed6afa72016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9052000000-d1f0fa6385e6848912c62016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0cdr-6509300000-1d06eb64c3c9a376ea432016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-3109000000-3960d2bbff65d1a0ecc02016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0btc-9423000000-8194ccf6d27ec2cb28702016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-1e0b9eadc3dc511d87d72021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0392100000-333cd54e08c49ae75cde2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0296-1936000000-2f1acf618b9904cbaffe2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Alfentanil 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009300000-f5e9f9e4f40759f2ff432021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00802 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00802 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00802
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID46451
KEGG Compound IDC08005
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAlfentanil
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound51263
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID2569
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
  2. Klees TM, Sheffels P, Dale O, Kharasch ED: Metabolism of alfentanil by cytochrome p4503a (cyp3a) enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Mar;33(3):303-11. Epub 2004 Nov 22. [PubMed:15557344 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Kharasch ED, Walker A, Isoherranen N, Hoffer C, Sheffels P, Thummel K, Whittington D, Ensign D: Influence of CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the cytochrome P4503A probes alfentanil and midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Oct;82(4):410-26. Epub 2007 Jun 6. [PubMed:17554244 ]
  2. Klees TM, Sheffels P, Dale O, Kharasch ED: Metabolism of alfentanil by cytochrome p4503a (cyp3a) enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Mar;33(3):303-11. Epub 2004 Nov 22. [PubMed:15557344 ]
  3. Klees TM, Sheffels P, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED: Pharmacogenetic determinants of human liver microsomal alfentanil metabolism and the role of cytochrome P450 3A5. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar;102(3):550-6. [PubMed:15731592 ]
  4. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID:
P24462
Molecular weight:
57525.03
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Receptor for beta-endorphin
Gene Name:
OPRM1
Uniprot ID:
P35372
Molecular weight:
44778.9
References
  1. Garrido M, Gubbens-Stibbe J, Tukker E, Cox E, von Frijtag J, Kunzel D, IJzerman A, Danhof M, van der Graaf PH: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of the EEG effect of alfentanil in rats following beta-funaltrexamine-induced mu-opioid receptor "knockdown" in vivo. Pharm Res. 2000 Jun;17(6):653-9. [PubMed:10955836 ]
  2. Lotsch J, Geisslinger G: Are mu-opioid receptor polymorphisms important for clinical opioid therapy? Trends Mol Med. 2005 Feb;11(2):82-9. [PubMed:15694871 ]
  3. Oertel BG, Schmidt R, Schneider A, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J: The mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism 118A>G depletes alfentanil-induced analgesia and protects against respiratory depression in homozygous carriers. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006 Sep;16(9):625-36. [PubMed:16906017 ]
  4. Leung A, Wallace MS, Ridgeway B, Yaksh T: Concentration-effect relationship of intravenous alfentanil and ketamine on peripheral neurosensory thresholds, allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2001 Mar;91(1-2):177-87. [PubMed:11240090 ]
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Wandel C, Kim R, Wood M, Wood A: Interaction of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and loperamide with the efflux drug transporter P-glycoprotein. Anesthesiology. 2002 Apr;96(4):913-20. [PubMed:11964599 ]