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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:55 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015249
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15249
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAtovaquone
DescriptionAtovaquone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols. [PubChem]Atovaquone is a hydroxy- 1, 4- naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystis activity. The mechanism of action against Pneumocystis carinii has not been fully elucidated. In Plasmodium species, the site of action appears to be the cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III). Several metabolic enzymes are linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain via ubiquinone. Inhibition of electron transport by atovaquone will result in indirect inhibition of these enzymes. The ultimate metabolic effects of such blockade may include inhibition of nucleic acid and ATP synthesis. Atovaquone also has been shown to have good in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii.
Structure
Data?1582753275
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-(trans-4-(p-Chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinoneChEBI
AcuvelChEBI
MepronChEBI
WellvoneChEBI
Chemical FormulaC22H19ClO3
Average Molecular Weight366.837
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight366.102272181
IUPAC Name2-hydroxy-3-[(1r,4r)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
Traditional Nameatovaquone
CAS Registry Number95233-18-4
SMILES
OC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@@H](CC2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C22H19ClO3/c23-16-11-9-14(10-12-16)13-5-7-15(8-6-13)19-20(24)17-3-1-2-4-18(17)21(25)22(19)26/h1-4,9-13,15,26H,5-8H2/t13-,15-
InChI KeyKUCQYCKVKVOKAY-CTYIDZIISA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthoquinones. Naphthoquinones are compounds containing a naphthohydroquinone moiety, which consists of a benzene ring linearly fused to a bezene-1,4-dione (quinone).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassNaphthalenes
Sub ClassNaphthoquinones
Direct ParentNaphthoquinones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Naphthoquinone
  • Quinone
  • Aryl ketone
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Aryl chloride
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Aryl halide
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Ketone
  • Enol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0008 g/LNot Available
LogP5.8Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0008 g/LALOGPS
logP4.74ALOGPS
logP5ChemAxon
logS-5.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.23ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity103.11 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability39.55 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+181.15930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-178.80130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-212.41430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+187.52830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+189.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+186.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+192.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+193.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-189.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-189.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-189.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AtovaquoneOC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@@H](CC2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O4429.1Standard polar33892256
AtovaquoneOC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@@H](CC2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O2673.7Standard non polar33892256
AtovaquoneOC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@@H](CC2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O3306.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Atovaquone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3)CC2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O3316.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Atovaquone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C([C@H]2CC[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3)CC2)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O3572.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Atovaquone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0f79-0829000000-4b88673ebb0412947f942017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Atovaquone GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fe0-4923400000-57e2c568b6623d698ca62017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Atovaquone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0910000000-f7b2a59bcc1e1195bf1f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone , positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-0968000000-4d83793ef10d849ce35e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0119000000-5f209ebb20fbf02593512016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-066s-0897000000-79bdad72004b4a42d8c72016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zi0-6931000000-6ac22d2b522d431d04c12016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-d52277af59ec8f79fa222016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0419000000-87e2b6ffb344b5930d262016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0kor-2913000000-40a03b8ec8ba93c6c3e72016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-8e8c322593e61a1fcd3a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0009000000-887d32008948c60e375f2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052u-1927000000-b03db76b9884df28bfe82021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-811d88e8ea937d34fe7b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-05e44597e6bf573643ee2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Atovaquone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9222000000-b6a748454bc56651ddf02021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01117 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01117 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01117
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10482034
KEGG Compound IDC06835
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAtovaquone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID575568
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.
Gene Name:
DHODH
Uniprot ID:
Q02127
Molecular weight:
42866.93
References
  1. Knecht W, Henseling J, Loffler M: Kinetics of inhibition of human and rat dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by atovaquone, lawsone derivatives, brequinar sodium and polyporic acid. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Jan 3;124(1):61-76. [PubMed:10658902 ]
  2. Hansen M, Le Nours J, Johansson E, Antal T, Ullrich A, Loffler M, Larsen S: Inhibitor binding in a class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase causes variations in the membrane-associated N-terminal domain. Protein Sci. 2004 Apr;13(4):1031-42. [PubMed:15044733 ]
  3. Ittarat I, Asawamahasakda W, Bartlett MS, Smith JW, Meshnick SR: Effects of atovaquone and other inhibitors on Pneumocystis carinii dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Feb;39(2):325-8. [PubMed:7726490 ]
  4. Seymour KK, Lyons SD, Phillips L, Rieckmann KH, Christopherson RI: Cytotoxic effects of inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis upon Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemistry. 1994 May 3;33(17):5268-74. [PubMed:7909690 ]
  5. Seymour KK, Yeo AE, Rieckmann KH, Christopherson RI: dCTP levels are maintained in Plasmodium falciparum subjected to pyrimidine deficiency or excess. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997 Sep;91(6):603-9. [PubMed:9425362 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]