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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:03 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015606
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15606
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLofexidine
DescriptionLofexidine, also known as britlofex, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Lofexidine.
Structure
Data?1582753315
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-(alpha-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)2-imidazolineChEBI
LofexidinaChEBI
LofexidinumChEBI
2-(a-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)2-imidazolineGenerator
2-(Α-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)2-imidazolineGenerator
2-(1-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoleHMDB
BritLofexHMDB
2-(alpha-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)ethyl) delta-2-imidazolineHMDB
Lofexidine mono-hydrochlorideHMDB
Lofexidine, (+-)-isomerHMDB
Lofexidine hydrochlorideHMDB
Lofexidine monohydrochlorideHMDB
Chemical FormulaC11H12Cl2N2O
Average Molecular Weight259.132
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight258.03266843
IUPAC Name2-[1-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole
Traditional Namelofexidine
CAS Registry Number31036-80-3
SMILES
CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C11H12Cl2N2O/c1-7(11-14-5-6-15-11)16-10-8(12)3-2-4-9(10)13/h2-4,7H,5-6H2,1H3,(H,14,15)
InChI KeyKSMAGQUYOIHWFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassHalobenzenes
Direct ParentDichlorobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenoxy compound
  • 1,3-dichlorobenzene
  • Phenol ether
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Imidolactam
  • 2-imidazoline
  • Amidine
  • Carboxylic acid amidine
  • Ether
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboximidamide
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point127 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.15 g/LNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.15 g/LALOGPS
logP3.31ALOGPS
logP2.66ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.67ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area33.62 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity64.41 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability25.11 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+146.45530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-144.09730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-178.06930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+152.80630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+154.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+150.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+158.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+159.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-153.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-153.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-154.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
LofexidineCC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN12917.0Standard polar33892256
LofexidineCC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN11951.0Standard non polar33892256
LofexidineCC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN11914.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Lofexidine,1TMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C2180.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Lofexidine,1TMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C2039.8Standard non polar33892256
Lofexidine,1TMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C3243.7Standard polar33892256
Lofexidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2402.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Lofexidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2240.3Standard non polar33892256
Lofexidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)C1=NCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3287.1Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lofexidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0459-8910000000-1ef99e126c03b06d18c02017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lofexidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0bta-5090000000-966c69c881b261c7d39d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine , positive-QTOFsplash10-0bta-5090000000-966c69c881b261c7d39d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9000000000-050254002a602761b8da2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1090000000-8e8a68e1e0da6f2db6c02016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9320000000-7faea52073b41d21462b2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9200000000-3304f31e8314347b14f62016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1190000000-551a9882c5776e0755892016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-1590000000-6c7abe970b6a82a66fb12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03k9-5900000000-6009a76b4783970c379f2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1090000000-87c678178e712eefd8512021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-3090000000-3ccfbdb674335f23cfcb2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-02ml-9340000000-d5dbe0cad228bd86fdc32021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-2325e327fe9b11ee66162021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-06si-9850000000-535a4993c6fd9fc54d5c2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lofexidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9110000000-93a31f1cd12ec1e55b8d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB04948 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB04948 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB04948
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID28460
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLofexidine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound30668
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID51368
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Walsh SL, Strain EC, Bigelow GE: Evaluation of the effects of lofexidine and clonidine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in opioid-dependent humans. Addiction. 2003 Apr;98(4):427-39. [PubMed:12653813 ]
  2. Manufacturer Website [Link]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular weight:
48956.3
References
  1. Jin Y, Verstappen A, Elko E, Cammarata P, Yorio T: Effects of lofexidine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, on ocular blood flow and ion transport of rabbit iris-ciliary body. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1992 Spring;8(1):23-33. [PubMed:1357064 ]
  2. Strang J, Bearn J, Gossop M: Lofexidine for opiate detoxification: review of recent randomised and open controlled trials. Am J Addict. 1999 Fall;8(4):337-48. [PubMed:10598217 ]
  3. Erb S, Hitchcott PK, Rajabi H, Mueller D, Shaham Y, Stewart J: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists block stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Aug;23(2):138-50. [PubMed:10882840 ]