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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:03 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015634
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15634
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSaxagliptin
DescriptionSaxagliptin (rINN), previously identified as BMS-477118, is a new oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs. It was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. A New Drug Application for saxagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes was submitted to the FDA in June 2008. It was based on a drug development program with 8 randomized trials: 1 phase 2 dose-ranging (2.5 - 100 mg/d) study; 6 phase 3, 24-week controlled trials with additional controlled follow-up from 12 to 42 months, double-blinded throughout; and one 12-week mechanism-of-action trial with a 2-year follow-up period. In June 2008, it was announced that Onglyza would be the trade name under which saxagliptin will be marketed.
Structure
Data?1582753318
Synonyms
ValueSource
(1S,3S,5S)-2-((2S)-Amino(3-hydroxytricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-yl)acetyl)-2-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane-3-carbonitrileChEBI
BMS 477118ChEBI
BMS-477118ChEBI
OnglyzaHMDB
3-Hydroxyadamantylglycine-4,5-methanoprolinenitrile hydrateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC18H25N3O2
Average Molecular Weight315.41
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight315.194677059
IUPAC Name(1S,3S,5S)-2-[(2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile
Traditional Namesaxagliptin
CAS Registry Number361442-04-8
SMILES
N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2C[C@H]2C[C@H]1C#N)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H25N3O2/c19-8-13-2-12-3-14(12)21(13)16(22)15(20)17-4-10-1-11(5-17)7-18(23,6-10)9-17/h10-15,23H,1-7,9,20H2/t10?,11?,12-,13+,14+,15-,17?,18?/m1/s1
InChI KeyQGJUIPDUBHWZPV-SGTAVMJGSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acid amides. These are amide derivatives of alpha amino acids.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acid amides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid amide
  • N-acyl-piperidine
  • N-acylpyrrolidine
  • Piperidine
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carbonitrile
  • Nitrile
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility2.26 g/LALOGPS
logP0.88ALOGPS
logP-0.08ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.74ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.9ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area90.35 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity83.99 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability34.22 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+174.85531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-172.06631661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-201.13830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+175.95630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+175.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+173.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+178.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+179.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-178.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-178.232859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-177.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
SaxagliptinN[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2C[C@H]2C[C@H]1C#N)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C22517.0Standard polar33892256
SaxagliptinN[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2C[C@H]2C[C@H]1C#N)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C22787.1Standard non polar33892256
SaxagliptinN[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2C[C@H]2C[C@H]1C#N)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C22941.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Saxagliptin,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@H](N)C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)(C3)C22593.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C22678.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C22589.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C22749.1Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C23801.1Standard polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C2808.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C2939.4Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C3827.8Standard polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C22740.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C22843.1Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C23644.5Standard polar33892256
Saxagliptin,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@H](N)C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)(C3)C22827.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C22910.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C23053.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C23182.0Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C1)C23884.2Standard polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3244.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3369.6Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]21)C12CC3CC(CC(O)(C3)C1)C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3933.2Standard polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C23423.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C23405.0Standard non polar33892256
Saxagliptin,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC12CC3CC(C1)CC([C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C#N)C[C@@H]4C[C@@H]41)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C23754.0Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0ue9-9810000000-9ea6dee5e5df7feeccf42017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0w2i-9640000000-edbf7dd75a87c2e605232017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0595000000-b2310ee91b2c4452305f2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-1920000000-c732c7118b29d97a00342016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2900000000-e667b1c85a4362bf44392016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0029000000-d07ae8c4becc497aefbf2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0bta-1954000000-e69611219b56c95d4fcc2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-8900000000-c3f60d50781702a5ee872016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0319000000-80878b9b214b58a1e91b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001l-1911000000-f644cfc5788567bebc0d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01q9-2900000000-6de6bc70428ab68d29602021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-08c714e7a3cf3391b9ca2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-08fr-1937000000-046e1094e71a80b7a9b32021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Saxagliptin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-4933000000-87784043f4db6b4397a22021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB06335 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB06335 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB06335
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID9419005
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkSaxagliptin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound11243969
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID71272
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barnett A: DPP-4 inhibitors and their potential role in the management of type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Nov;60(11):1454-70. [PubMed:17073841 ]
  2. Crepaldi G, Carruba M, Comaschi M, Del Prato S, Frajese G, Paolisso G: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and their role in Type 2 diabetes management. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007 Jul-Aug;30(7):610-4. [PubMed:17848846 ]
  3. Metzler WJ, Yanchunas J, Weigelt C, Kish K, Klei HE, Xie D, Zhang Y, Corbett M, Tamura JK, He B, Hamann LG, Kirby MS, Marcinkeviciene J: Involvement of DPP-IV catalytic residues in enzyme-saxagliptin complex formation. Protein Sci. 2008 Feb;17(2):240-50. doi: 10.1110/ps.073253208. [PubMed:18227430 ]
  4. Rosenstock J, Sankoh S, List JF: Glucose-lowering activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008 May;10(5):376-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00876.x. Epub 2008 Mar 18. [PubMed:18355324 ]
  5. Golightly LK, Drayna CC, McDermott MT: Comparative clinical pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Aug 1;51(8):501-14. doi: 10.2165/11632930-000000000-00000. [PubMed:22686547 ]
  6. Ali S, Fonseca V: Saxagliptin overview: special focus on safety and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2013 Jan;12(1):103-9. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.741584. Epub 2012 Nov 9. [PubMed:23137182 ]
  7. Russell S: Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013 Apr;35(2):159-72. doi: 10.1007/s11096-012-9729-9. Epub 2012 Dec 22. [PubMed:23263796 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Upreti VV, Boulton DW, Li L, Ching A, Su H, Lacreta FP, Patel CG: Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;72(1):92-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03937.x. [PubMed:21651615 ]
  2. Patel CG, Kornhauser D, Vachharajani N, Komoroski B, Brenner E, Handschuh del Corral M, Li L, Boulton DW: Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Jul;13(7):604-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01381.x. [PubMed:21332626 ]
  3. Scheen AJ: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Sep;49(9):573-88. doi: 10.2165/11532980-000000000-00000. [PubMed:20690781 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Upreti VV, Boulton DW, Li L, Ching A, Su H, Lacreta FP, Patel CG: Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;72(1):92-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03937.x. [PubMed:21651615 ]
  2. Patel CG, Kornhauser D, Vachharajani N, Komoroski B, Brenner E, Handschuh del Corral M, Li L, Boulton DW: Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Jul;13(7):604-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01381.x. [PubMed:21332626 ]
  3. Scheen AJ: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Sep;49(9):573-88. doi: 10.2165/11532980-000000000-00000. [PubMed:20690781 ]
General function:
Involved in serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding at least ADA, CAV1, IGF2R, and PTPRC. Its binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF- kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM. May be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion, migration and tube formation. When overexpressed, enhanced cell proliferation, a process inhibited by GPC3. Acts also as a serine exopeptidase with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation, including many chemokines, mitogenic growth factors, neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline
Gene Name:
DPP4
Uniprot ID:
P27487
Molecular weight:
88277.9
References
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