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Showing metabocard for Trimethylthiazole (HMDB0033155)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:54:04 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:23:09 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0033155
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB33155
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTrimethylthiazole
DescriptionTrimethylthiazole, also known as fema 3325, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles. 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles are compounds containing a thiazole ring substituted at positions 2, 4 and 5 only. Trimethylthiazole is a chocolate, cocoa, and coffee tasting compound. Trimethylthiazole is found, on average, in the highest concentration within kohlrabis. Trimethylthiazole has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as coffee and coffee products, mung beans, potato, soy beans, and tea. This could make trimethylthiazole a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Structure
Data?1677000189
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)


  Mrv1652304272018152D          

  8  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    1.5268    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4718    1.4521    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2352   -0.8974    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7018    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2169    0.6674    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5678   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2169   -0.6674    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5678    0.4125    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  2  0  0  0  0
  4  7  1  0  0  0  0
  5  8  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

HMDB0033155
     RDKit          3D
Trimethylthiazole
 17 17  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.2220   -0.4739    0.1792 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7168   -0.3675    0.0646 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9451    0.6771    0.2312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3364    0.5882    0.0928 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2790    1.7597    0.2725 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8529   -0.6428   -0.2351 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2836   -1.0423   -0.4580 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5762   -1.5863   -0.3180 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4965   -0.3718    1.2564 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7202    0.2943   -0.4215 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4969   -1.4838   -0.1467 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9425    1.4913    1.1229 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8613    1.9430   -0.6482 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7514    2.6829    0.5182 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4537   -1.0987   -1.5400 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9218   -0.3193    0.0630 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4914   -2.0502   -0.0334 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  4  6  2  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  2  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  5 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
  7 17  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)


  Mrv1652304272018152D          

  8  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    1.5268    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4718    1.4521    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2352   -0.8974    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7018    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2169    0.6674    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5678   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2169   -0.6674    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5678    0.4125    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  2  0  0  0  0
  4  7  1  0  0  0  0
  5  8  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0033155

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC1=NC(C)=C(C)S1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H9NS/c1-4-5(2)8-6(3)7-4/h1-3H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
BAMPVSWRQZNDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H9NS

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
127.207

> <EXACT_MASS>
127.045569983

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
17

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
14.302166653354163

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
trimethyl-1,3-thiazole

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
1.99

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
1.5323343053333338

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-2.04

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
3.973056778034741

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
12.89

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
35.3549

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.15e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
trimethyl-1,3-thiazole

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

HMDB0033155
     RDKit          3D
Trimethylthiazole
 17 17  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.2220   -0.4739    0.1792 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7168   -0.3675    0.0646 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9451    0.6771    0.2312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3364    0.5882    0.0928 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2790    1.7597    0.2725 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8529   -0.6428   -0.2351 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2836   -1.0423   -0.4580 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5762   -1.5863   -0.3180 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4965   -0.3718    1.2564 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7202    0.2943   -0.4215 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4969   -1.4838   -0.1467 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9425    1.4913    1.1229 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8613    1.9430   -0.6482 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7514    2.6829    0.5182 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4537   -1.0987   -1.5400 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9218   -0.3193    0.0630 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4914   -2.0502   -0.0334 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  4  6  2  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  2  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  5 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
  7 17  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-APR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-APR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       2.850   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       0.881   2.711   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -2.306  -1.675   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       1.310   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.405   1.246   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      -1.060  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  N   UNK     0       0.405  -1.246   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    8  S   UNK     0      -1.060   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           S+0
CONECT    1    4                                                            
CONECT    2    5                                                            
CONECT    3    6                                                            
CONECT    4    1    5    7                                                  
CONECT    5    2    4    8                                                  
CONECT    6    3    7    8                                                  
CONECT    7    4    6                                                       
CONECT    8    5    6                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    8    0   16    0
END
Download

3D PDB for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

COMPND    HMDB0033155
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       3.222  -0.474   0.179  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       1.717  -0.367   0.065  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  N1  UNL     1       0.945   0.677   0.231  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1      -0.336   0.588   0.093  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1      -1.279   1.760   0.273  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C5  UNL     1      -0.853  -0.643  -0.235  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C6  UNL     1      -2.284  -1.042  -0.458  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  S1  UNL     1       0.576  -1.586  -0.318  1.00  0.00           S  
HETATM    9  H1  UNL     1       3.497  -0.372   1.256  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H2  UNL     1       3.720   0.294  -0.422  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H3  UNL     1       3.497  -1.484  -0.147  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H4  UNL     1      -1.943   1.491   1.123  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H5  UNL     1      -1.861   1.943  -0.648  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H6  UNL     1      -0.751   2.683   0.518  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H7  UNL     1      -2.454  -1.099  -1.540  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H8  UNL     1      -2.922  -0.319   0.063  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H9  UNL     1      -2.491  -2.050  -0.033  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    9   10   11
CONECT    2    3    3    8
CONECT    3    4
CONECT    4    5    6    6
CONECT    5   12   13   14
CONECT    6    7    8
CONECT    7   15   16   17
END
Download

SMILES for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

CC1=NC(C)=C(C)S1
Download

INCHI for HMDB0033155 (Trimethylthiazole)

InChI=1S/C6H9NS/c1-4-5(2)8-6(3)7-4/h1-3H3
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
2,4,5-Trimethyl-1,3-thiazoleHMDB
2,4,5-Trimethyl-thiazoleHMDB
2,4,5-TrimethylthiazoleHMDB
FEMA 3325HMDB
Thiazole, 2,4,5-trimethyl- (8ci)(9ci)HMDB
Trimethyl-thiazoleHMDB
TrimethylthiazoleChEBI
Chemical FormulaC6H9NS
Average Molecular Weight127.207
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight127.045569983
IUPAC Nametrimethyl-1,3-thiazole
Traditional Nametrimethyl-1,3-thiazole
CAS Registry Number13623-11-5
SMILES
CC1=NC(C)=C(C)S1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H9NS/c1-4-5(2)8-6(3)7-4/h1-3H3
InChI KeyBAMPVSWRQZNDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles. 2,4,5-Trisubstituted thiazoles are compounds containing a thiazole ring substituted at positions 2, 4 and 5 only.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzoles
Sub ClassThiazoles
Direct Parent2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,3-thiazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
ProcessNot Available
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling Point166.00 to 167.00 °C. @ 717.50 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP0.852 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.15 g/LALOGPS
logP1.99ALOGPS
logP1.53ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.97ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area12.89 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity35.35 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.3 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+124.7231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-122.16631661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+134.54230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-132.1930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-168.00330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+143.09430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+123.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+119.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+128.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+129.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-128.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-131.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
TrimethylthiazoleCC1=NC(C)=C(C)S11382.5Standard polar33892256
TrimethylthiazoleCC1=NC(C)=C(C)S1955.2Standard non polar33892256
TrimethylthiazoleCC1=NC(C)=C(C)S1994.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004r-9300000000-4d825c6d47604fba88c12017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-009i-9300000000-76930d8da38382ad241b2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004r-9300000000-4d825c6d47604fba88c12018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-009i-9300000000-76930d8da38382ad241b2018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-4900000000-efa9492837bf0626a5022017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00bi-9200000000-ac93522d43a61210e83c2015-03-01Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-28644261ac13aae1417c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-1900000000-59ac5f1ecd35730525c02016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0w29-9300000000-2c102eb60bfbdde7c1ed2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-7900000000-e4ce64b3c1edd34025472016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-3900000000-edddd896c2e7f693a2e12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a59-9000000000-9a3237dcebf26b04d6072016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-5900000000-4875f82d6a9de98d76f92021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9100000000-ea437ae71f6edcf578c52021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-b5bd9ef71e1dafac8b062021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-a75698757e1c18b765012021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-4900000000-659c2be7cfd011ab7bd82021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trimethylthiazole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-1000-9000000000-17c725c1dfe8d78e645d2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-04FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-04FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB011160
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID55558
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound61653
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID78738
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1008831
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Yabuki M, Scott DJ, Briand L, Taylor AJ: Dynamics of odorant binding to thin aqueous films of rat-OBP3. Chem Senses. 2011 Sep;36(7):659-71. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjr037. Epub 2011 May 2. [PubMed:21536621 ]
  2. Cho MK, Kim SG: Induction of class alpha glutathione S-transferases by 4-methylthiazole in the rat liver: role of oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett. 2000 May 19;115(2):107-15. [PubMed:10802386 ]
  3. Cho MK, Kim SG: Enhanced expression of rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase by methylthiazole in conjunction with liver injury. Toxicology. 2000 May 5;146(2-3):111-22. [PubMed:10814844 ]
  4. Xi J, Huang TC, Ho CT: Characterization of volatile compounds from the reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and ammonium sulfide model system. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jan;47(1):245-8. [PubMed:10563879 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .