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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-12 01:01:26 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:56:14 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0039536
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB39536
Metabolite Identification
Common Name4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione
Description4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione.
Structure
Data?1563863393
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC33H64O3
Average Molecular Weight508.8595
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight508.485545914
IUPAC Name4-hydroxytritriacontane-16,18-dione
Traditional Name4-hydroxytritriacontane-16,18-dione
CAS Registry Number97191-41-8
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C33H64O3/c1-3-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-14-18-21-24-28-32(35)30-33(36)29-25-22-19-16-13-15-17-20-23-27-31(34)26-4-2/h31,34H,3-30H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyIUABXSHIXYIRMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty alcohols
Direct ParentFatty alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Fatty alcohol
  • 1,3-diketone
  • 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility2.5e-05 g/LALOGPS
logP9.69ALOGPS
logP11.9ChemAxon
logS-7.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.81ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count30ChemAxon
Refractivity156.64 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability69.97 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+233.26230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-230.71230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-264.82630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+240.17830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+249.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+248.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+250.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+251.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-227.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-231.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-235.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC3894.1Standard polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC3776.7Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedioneCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC3825.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3869.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3948.3Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3887.4Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3887.2Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C3948.3Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3937.8Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3682.8Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3906.1Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3687.0Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3906.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3687.0Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3937.8Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3682.8Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3928.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3738.2Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3926.1Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3710.6Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3928.1Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3738.2Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3937.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3704.1Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3938.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3624.4Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3937.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3704.1Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4133.7Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4216.7Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4153.9Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4154.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,1TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4216.7Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4464.7Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3907.1Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4446.9Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3919.5Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4447.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3919.5Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4464.7Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3907.1Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4485.2Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #5CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3977.5Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4386.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #6CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3913.9Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4485.3Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,2TBDMS,isomer #7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3977.5Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4774.4Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4030.4Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4670.4Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(CC(=CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3967.0Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4774.4Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione,3TBDMS,isomer #3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(CCC)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4030.4Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00e9-6390200000-6f6a8f90e1595c217f022017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00oa-6985050000-6cd1c0accf8d3cb705ba2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-0040950000-551bdacee40b4443a1c62015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0390300000-cf205da5208a1f160aca2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f76-5960200000-20f5c1d05c52f0fff4f62015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0030290000-a61c216c3e0efae13ddd2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pbi-0090220000-1b29a4e66b38612a36942015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pbc-9070000000-7ff0c9788e9921750a0e2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-2000930000-4802da1b25a90f2969cf2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05fu-6220900000-0efdb84390f47a3895ae2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-9201000000-a8b51bca1cfd1aef3c8f2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-0000490000-8c0ef595dc58fa5e79902021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-1050970000-7cebe945ee563217e65d2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxy-16,18-tritriacontanedione 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0kk9-8096200000-af8ce6d60d136936b4832021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB019152
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID35014818
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound86127859
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID172722
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.