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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-13 07:07:14 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:20:04 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0003911
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0000485
  • HMDB00485
  • HMDB03911
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Aminoisobutanoic acid
Description3-Aminoisobutanoic acid, also known as b-aminoisobutyrate or 2-methyl-beta-alanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom. 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 3-aminoisobutanoic acid can be biosynthesized from ureidoisobutyric acid; which is mediated by the enzyme Beta-ureidopropionase. In humans, 3-aminoisobutanoic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called the beta-ureidopropionase deficiency pathway. Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is an inborn error of pyrimidine degradation associated with neurological abnormalities (OMIM 606673 ). 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Data?1582752290
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-(Aminomethyl)propionic acidChEBI
2-Methyl-beta-alanineChEBI
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoateChEBI
3-AminoisobutanoateChEBI
alpha-Methyl-beta-alanineChEBI
BAIBChEBI
beta-Aminoisobutyric acidChEBI
DL-beta-Aminoisobutyric acidChEBI
2-(Aminomethyl)propionateGenerator
2-Methyl-b-alanineGenerator
2-Methyl-β-alanineGenerator
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acidGenerator
a-Methyl-b-alanineGenerator
Α-methyl-β-alanineGenerator
b-AminoisobutyrateGenerator
b-Aminoisobutyric acidGenerator
beta-AminoisobutyrateGenerator
Β-aminoisobutyrateGenerator
Β-aminoisobutyric acidGenerator
DL-b-AminoisobutyrateGenerator
DL-b-Aminoisobutyric acidGenerator
DL-beta-AminoisobutyrateGenerator
DL-Β-aminoisobutyrateGenerator
DL-Β-aminoisobutyric acidGenerator
3-Aminoisobutyric acidHMDB
(+/-)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateHMDB
(+/-)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoic acidHMDB
(+/-)-3-aminoisobutyric acidHMDB
(+/-)-b-aminoisobutyric acidHMDB
(+/-)-beta-aminoisobutyric acidHMDB
3-Amino-isobutanoateHMDB
3-Amino-isobutanoic acidHMDB
DL-2-Methyl-b-alanineHMDB
DL-2-Methyl-beta-alanineHMDB
DL-3-Amino-2-methylpropionic acidHMDB
DL-3-Aminoisobutyric acidHMDB
3-Aminoisobutyric acid, (+-)-isomerHMDB
DL-3-Aminoisobutyric acid monohydrateHMDB
3-Aminoisobutyric acid, (S)-isomerHMDB
3-Aminoisobutyric acid, tritium-labeledHMDB
3-Aminoisobutyric acid, (R)-isomerHMDB
3-AminoisobutyrateHMDB
3-Aminoisobutanoic acidChEBI
Chemical FormulaC4H9NO2
Average Molecular Weight103.1198
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight103.063328537
IUPAC Name3-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid
Traditional Name(+)-β-aminoisobutyric acid
CAS Registry Number144-90-1
SMILES
CC(CN)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-3(2-5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7)
InChI KeyQCHPKSFMDHPSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentBeta amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Beta amino acid or derivatives
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available124.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00002159
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility367 g/LALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-2.6ChemAxon
logS0.55ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.17ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.32ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity25.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.42 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+120.28131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-114.96231661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+128.58730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-125.78930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-162.28330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+136.83930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+126.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+122.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+130.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+131.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-124.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-128.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-133.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Aminoisobutanoic acidCC(CN)C(O)=O2017.0Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acidCC(CN)C(O)=O993.6Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acidCC(CN)C(O)=O1033.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CC(CN)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1038.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1196.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1217.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1210.6Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1301.8Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1403.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1338.4Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1610.0Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1463.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1392.4Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1326.5Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1275.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O1442.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1656.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1654.2Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1609.4Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O1817.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O1743.2Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O1783.3Standard polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2081.9Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2039.4Standard non polar33892256
3-Aminoisobutanoic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1751.7Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-001i-3900000000-9d996f1ef303093bc6f22014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-0udi-1900000000-599e217ab2fffbcaedcf2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-00di-2920000000-235394017181e4a1ccc42014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-2920000000-235394017181e4a1ccc42017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-3900000000-9d996f1ef303093bc6f22017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-1900000000-599e217ab2fffbcaedcf2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00dr-2900000000-83730a256456aac8055a2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0900000000-ecf6ec14beb3194481032017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-89dae4e73d997d89e2e62016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00ar-9200000000-0eb92539979a9fa36dbd2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-000i-9200000000-1212facd6e8f1c4ede252012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0udi-6900000000-8b7d740c75c4269768972012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0udi-4900000000-68b30ab5196763854bfb2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udr-5900000000-d8bec01eb9aa047f87d02012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-2900000000-d13f4bc606699ca79bda2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-2900000000-d13f4bc606699ca79bda2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid , negative-QTOFsplash10-0uk9-5900000000-7eb5bc6532d9dac5e48f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udr-5900000000-d8bec01eb9aa047f87d02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udr-9600000000-62b406ac77af506e283f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-51dcbe7a91ec6bab7de72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052r-9100000000-436a48cfb190f66f3cfd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-c08aec8a984928aab1fe2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udr-9600000000-ad7d786f0ec8c44f3fc02021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-807636fd22c8a825cf992021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0005-9000000000-7b1d59b93a2cf2e3d2272021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-9000000000-76fac621e514a8431dde2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-6741b7945eaeb59dabe72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-ee2e36c82cc2d0055dd92021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0uk9-6900000000-e732000e724d2d12a42f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-9400000000-e80e2eb321cf19f4e2992016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000f-9000000000-9649dec1f6afdd5b12c62016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-aaf9fc6ded63400c1d6d2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-2900000000-6f58da61e2ae030dbbad2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zfr-9600000000-ba32a8e8fca536c360232016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-e756dcf352426858cb712016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified1.8-4.5 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.03 +/- 0.34 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.75 +/- 0.33 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedBoth
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.71-57.80 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified300-390 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.6-13 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified5.5 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.24-32.35 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified9.73 +/- 9.20 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified7.20 +/- 6.73 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified34.288 +/- 32.202 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.91-116.43 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • David F. Putnam C...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified<34.048 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.04-354.79 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified4.3-8.5 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.81 +/- 2.82 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified25.8 (1.4-155.6) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified<110.86 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.70-117.53 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified25.9 (2.2-140.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified30 +/- 6 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleMethylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified60.338 +/- 80.333 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified248.732 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)MaleD-Lactic Acidosis details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
  1. Pollitt RJ, Green A, Smith R: Excessive excretion of beta-alanine and of 3-hydroxypropionic, R- and S-3-aminoisobutyric, R- and S-3-hydroxyisobutyric and S-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyric acids probably due to a defect in the metabolism of the corresponding malonic semialdehydes. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8(2):75-9. [PubMed:3939535 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
D-Lactic Acidosis
  1. Duran M, Van Biervliet JP, Kamerling JP, Wadman SK: D-lactic aciduria, an inborn error of metabolism? Clin Chim Acta. 1977 Feb 1;74(3):297-300. [PubMed:832430 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 614105 (Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency)
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 245450 (D-Lactic Acidosis)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023248
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID58481
KEGG Compound IDC05145
BioCyc ID3-AMINO-ISOBUTYRATE
BiGG ID41519
Wikipedia Link3-Aminoisobutyric_acid
METLIN ID5472
PubChem Compound64956
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27389
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000435
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceBalenovic, K.; Jambresic, I.; Ranogajec, I. Preparation of b-aminoisobutyric acid from glycine via the Wolff rearrangement of diazoethyl ketones. Croatica Chemica Acta (1957), 29 87-92.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
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  2. Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Colucci R, Antonioli L, Bernardini N, Segnani C, Baragatti B, Barogi S, Berti P, Spisni R, Del Tacca M: Role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the distal colon of humans and mice. Gut. 2005 May;54(5):608-16. [PubMed:15831902 ]
  3. Lee SH, Nam SY, Chung BC: Altered profile of endogenous steroids in the urine of patients with prolactinoma. Clin Biochem. 1998 Oct;31(7):529-35. [PubMed:9812172 ]
  4. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed:2026685 ]
  5. Kuo KC, Cole TF, Gehrke CW, Waalkes TP, Borek E: Dual-column cation-exchange chromatographic method for beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine in biological samples. Clin Chem. 1978 Aug;24(8):1373-80. [PubMed:679461 ]
  6. Jin LJ, Wang Y, Xu R, Go ML, Lee HK, Li SF: Chiral resolution of atropine, homatropine and eight synthetic tropinyl and piperidinyl esters by capillary zone electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives. Electrophoresis. 1999 Jan;20(1):198-203. [PubMed:10065977 ]
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  8. Takeda H, Yamazaki Y, Akahane M, Igawa Y, Ajisawa Y, Nishizawa O: Role of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor in urine storage in the rat: comparison between the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316, 243, and various smooth muscle relaxants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Jun;293(3):939-45. [PubMed:10869395 ]
  9. Raufman JP, Chen Y, Zimniak P, Cheng K: Deoxycholic acid conjugates are muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists. Pharmacology. 2002 Aug;65(4):215-21. [PubMed:12119452 ]
  10. Joyner MJ, Dietz NM: Sympathetic vasodilation in human muscle. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Mar;177(3):329-36. [PubMed:12609003 ]
  11. Nelson CP, Gupta P, Napier CM, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA: Functional selectivity of muscarinic receptor antagonists for inhibition of M3-mediated phosphoinositide responses in guinea pig urinary bladder and submandibular salivary gland. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1255-65. Epub 2004 May 12. [PubMed:15140916 ]
  12. Jooste EH, Sharma A, Zhang Y, Emala CW: Rapacuronium augments acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction via positive allosteric interactions at the M3 muscarinic receptor. Anesthesiology. 2005 Dec;103(6):1195-203. [PubMed:16306732 ]
  13. Morgan CJ, Friedmann PS, Church MK, Clough GF: Cutaneous microdialysis as a novel means of continuously stimulating eccrine sweat glands in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Jun;126(6):1220-5. [PubMed:16470172 ]
  14. Carnicella S, de Vasconcelos AP, Pain L, Majchrzak M, Oberling P: Fos immunolabelling evidence for brain regions involved in the Pavlovian degraded contingency effect and in its disruption by atropine. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jul;51(1):102-11. Epub 2006 May 6. [PubMed:16678862 ]
  15. Hu J, DeChon J, Yan KC, Liu Q, Hu G, Wu J: Iptakalim inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents in dopamine neurons acutely dissociated from rat substantia nigra pars compacta. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jul 31;403(1-2):57-62. Epub 2006 May 26. [PubMed:16730119 ]
  16. Hammer RH, Wu W, Sastry JS, Bodor N: Short acting soft mydriatics. Curr Eye Res. 1991 Jun;10(6):565-70. [PubMed:1893772 ]
  17. Salminen L: Review: systemic absorption of topically applied ocular drugs in humans. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1990 Fall;6(3):243-9. [PubMed:2290070 ]
  18. Watson GE, Pearson SK, Falany JL, Culp DJ, Tabak LA, Bowen WH: The effect of chronic atropine treatment on salivary composition and caries in rats. J Dent Res. 1989 Dec;68(12):1739-45. [PubMed:2600253 ]
  19. Foster WM, Bergofsky EH: Airway mucus membrane: effects of beta-adrenergic and anticholinergic stimulation. Am J Med. 1986 Nov 14;81(5A):28-35. [PubMed:2878612 ]
  20. Kanto J, Scheinin M: Placental and blood-CSF transfer of orally administered diazepam in the same person. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Jul;61(1):72-4. [PubMed:3114732 ]
  21. Kanto J, Klotz U: Pharmacokinetic implications for the clinical use of atropine, scopolamine and glycopyrrolate. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988 Feb;32(2):69-78. [PubMed:3279717 ]
  22. Kusunoki M, Yamamura T, Takahashi T, Kantoh M, Ishikawa Y, Utsunomiya J: Choledochal cyst. Its possible autonomic involvement in the bile duct. Arch Surg. 1987 Sep;122(9):997-1000. [PubMed:3619630 ]
  23. Imamura I, Watanabe T, Sakamoto Y, Wakamiya T, Shiba T, Hase Y, Tsuruhara T, Wada H: N tau-Ribosylhistidine, a novel histidine derivative in urine of histidinemic patients. Isolation, structure, and tissue level. J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 5;260(19):10528-30. [PubMed:4030756 ]
  24. Thommesen P, Funch-Jensen P, Taagehoj Jensen F: The influence of atropine and adrenaline on basal lymph flow in the neck region. Lymphology. 1979 Dec;12(4):272-4. [PubMed:529832 ]
  25. Sato K, Sato F: Defective beta adrenergic response of cystic fibrosis sweat glands in vivo and in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1984 Jun;73(6):1763-71. [PubMed:6327771 ]
  26. van Hooff M, van Baak MA, Schols M, Rahn KH: Studies of salivary flow in borderline hypertension: effects of drugs acting on structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Clin Sci (Lond). 1984 May;66(5):599-604. [PubMed:6705484 ]
  27. Kubo K, Oka M, Frey R: Decrease of basal plasma histamine levels by application of atropine in man. Anaesthesist. 1982 Apr;31(4):172-3. [PubMed:7091635 ]
  28. Kanto J, Virtanen R, Iisalo E, Maenpaa K, Liukko P: Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of atropine after a single maternal intravenous and intramuscular administration. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1981 Apr;25(2):85-8. [PubMed:7324829 ]
  29. Virtanen R, Kanto J, Iisalo E: Radioimmunoassay for atropine and l-hyoscyamine. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1980 Sep;47(3):208-12. [PubMed:7446137 ]
  30. Andersson K, Arner P: Cholinoceptor-mediated effects on glycerol output from human adipose tissue using in situ microdialysis. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Aug;115(7):1155-62. [PubMed:7582538 ]
  31. Hirano H, Shimosegawa T, Meguro T, Shiga N, Koizumi M, Toyota T: Effects of ethanol on meal-stimulated secretion of pancreatic polypeptide and cholecystokinin: comparison of healthy volunteers, heavy drinkers, and patients with chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol. 1996 Feb;31(1):86-93. [PubMed:8808434 ]
  32. Foster WM, Bergofsky EH, Bohning DE, Lippmann M, Albert RE: Effect of adrenergic agents and their mode of action on mucociliary clearance in man. J Appl Physiol. 1976 Aug;41(2):146-52. [PubMed:956095 ]
  33. Luik AI, Naboka YuN, Mogilevich SE, Hushcha TO, Mischenko NI: Study of human serum albumin structure by dynamic light scattering: two types of reactions under different pH and interaction with physiologically active compounds. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 1998 Sep;54A(10):1503-7. [PubMed:9807240 ]
  34. Chaturvedi AK, Vu NT, Ritter RM, Canfield DV: DNA typing as a strategy for resolving issues relevant to forensic toxicology. J Forensic Sci. 1999 Jan;44(1):189-92. [PubMed:9987885 ]
  35. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
Specific function:
Converts N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to, respectively, beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine, ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Gene Name:
UPB1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UBR1
Molecular weight:
43165.705
Reactions
Ureidoisobutyric acid + Water → 3-Aminoisobutanoic acid + Carbon dioxide + Ammoniadetails