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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00315
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 5550
Name Galactocerebrosidase
Synonyms
  1. GALCERase
  2. Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase
  3. Galactosylceramidase
  4. Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase
Gene Name GALC
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in galactosylceramidase activity
Specific Function Hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Enzyme with very low activity responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin, kidney and epithelial cells of small intestine and colon.
Pathways
  • Fabry disease
  • Gaucher Disease
  • Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
  • Krabbe disease
  • Lysosome
  • Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)
  • sphingolipid metabolism
  • Starch and sucrose metabolism
Reactions
D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + Water → beta-D-Galactose + N-acylsphingosine details
Galactosylceramide + Water → beta-D-Galactose + N-Acylsphingosine details
GO Classification
Biological Process
small molecule metabolic process
phospholipid metabolic process
galactosylceramide catabolic process
carbohydrate metabolic process
glycosphingolipid metabolic process
Cellular Component
mitochondrion
lysosomal lumen
Function
ion binding
cation binding
binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing o-glycosyl compounds
galactosylceramidase activity
Molecular Function
cation binding
galactosylceramidase activity
Process
metabolic process
membrane lipid metabolic process
glycolipid metabolic process
glycosylceramide metabolic process
galactosylceramide metabolic process
galactosylceramide catabolic process
primary metabolic process
carbohydrate metabolic process
lipid metabolic process
cellular lipid metabolic process
Cellular Location
  1. Lysosome
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 14
Locus 14q31
SNPs GALC
Gene Sequence
>2058 bp
ATGGCTGAGTGGCTACTCTCGGCTTCCTGGCAACGCCGAGCGAAAGCTATGACTGCGGCC
GCGGGTTCGGCGGGCCGCGCCGCGGTGCCCTTGCTGCTGTGTGCGCTGCTGGCGCCCGGC
GGCGCGTACGTGCTCGACGACTCCGACGGGCTGGGCCGGGAGTTCGACGGCATCGGCGCG
GTCAGCGGCGGCGGGGCAACCTCCCGACTTCTAGTAAATTACCCAGAGCCCTATCGTTCT
CAGATATTGGATTATCTCTTTAAGCCGAATTTTGGTGCCTCTTTGCATATTTTAAAAGTG
GAAATAGGTGGTGATGGGCAGACAACAGACGGCACTGAGCCCTCCCACATGCATTATGCA
CTAGATGAGAATTATTTCCGAGGATACGAGTGGTGGTTGATGAAAGAAGCTAAGAAGAGG
AATCCCAATATTACACTCATTGGGTTGCCATGGTCATTCCCTGGATGGCTGGGAAAAGGT
TTCGACTGGCCTTATGTCAATCTTCAGCTGACTGCCTATTATGTCGTGACCTGGATTGTG
GGCGCCAAGCGTTACCATGATTTGGACATTGATTATATTGGAATTTGGAATGAGAGGTCA
TATAATGCCAATTATATTAAGATATTAAGAAAAATGCTGAATTATCAAGGTCTCCAGCGA
GTGAAAATCATAGCAAGTGATAATCTCTGGGAGTCCATCTCTGCATCCATGCTCCTTGAT
GCCGAACTCTTCAAGGTGGTTGATGTTATAGGGGCTCATTATCCTGGAACCCATTCAGCA
AAAGATGCAAAGTTGACTGGGAAGAAGCTTTGGTCTTCTGAAGACTTTAGCACTTTAAAT
AGTGACATGGGTGCAGGCTGCTGGGGTCGCATTTTAAATCAGAATTATATCAATGGCTAT
ATGACTTCCACAATCGCATGGAATTTAGTGGCTAGTTACTATGAACAGTTGCCTTATGGG
AGATGCGGGTTGATGACGGCCCAGGAGCCATGGAGTGGGCACTACGTGGTAGAATCTCCT
GTCTGGGTATCAGCTCATACCACTCAGTTTACTCAACCTGGCTGGTATTACCTGAAGACA
GTTGGCCATTTAGAGAAAGGAGGAAGCTACGTAGCTCTGACTGATGGCTTAGGGAACCTC
ACCATCATCATTGAAACCATGAGTCATAAACATTCTAAGTGCATACGGCCATTTCTTCCT
TATTTCAATGTGTCACAACAATTTGCCACCTTTGTTCTTAAGGGATCTTTTAGTGAAATA
CCAGAGCTACAGGTATGGTATACCAAACTTGGAAAAACATCCGAAAGATTTCTTTTTAAG
CAGCTGGATTCTCTATGGCTCCTTGACAGCGATGGCAGTTTCACACTGAGCCTGCATGAA
GATGAGCTGTTCACACTCACCACTCTCACCACTGGTCGCAAAGGCAGCTACCCGCTTCCT
CCAAAATCCCAGCCCTTCCCAAGTACCTATAAGGATGATTTCAATGTTGATTACCCATTT
TTTAGTGAAGCTCCAAACTTTGCTGATCAAACTGGTGTATTTGAATATTTTACAAATATT
GAAGACCCTGGCGAGCATCACTTCACGCTACGCCAAGTTCTCAACCAGAGACCCATTACG
TGGGCTGCCGATGCATCCAACACAATCAGTATTATAGGAGACTACAACTGGACCAATCTG
ACTATAAAGTGTGATGTATACATAGAGACCCCTGACACAGGAGGTGTGTTCATTGCAGGA
AGAGTAAATAAAGGTGGTATTTTGATTAGAAGTGCCAGAGGAATTTTCTTCTGGATTTTT
GCAAATGGATCTTACAGGGTTACAGGTGATTTAGCTGGATGGATTATATATGCTTTAGGA
CGTGTTGAAGTTACAGCAAAAAAATGGTATACACTCACGTTAACTATTAAGGGTCATTTC
ACCTCTGGCATGCTGAATGACAAGTCTCTGTGGACAGACATCCCTGTGAATTTTCCAAAG
AATGGCTGGGCTGCAATTGGAACTCACTCCTTTGAATTTGCACAGTTTGACAACTTTCTT
GTGGAAGCCACACGCTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 685
Molecular Weight 77062.86
Theoretical pI 6.636
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Galactocerebrosidase
MAEWLLSASWQRRAKAMTAAAGSAGRAAVPLLLCALLAPGGAYVLDDSDGLGREFDGIGA
VSGGGATSRLLVNYPEPYRSQILDYLFKPNFGASLHILKVEIGGDGQTTDGTEPSHMHYA
LDENYFRGYEWWLMKEAKKRNPNITLIGLPWSFPGWLGKGFDWPYVNLQLTAYYVVTWIV
GAKRYHDLDIDYIGIWNERSYNANYIKILRKMLNYQGLQRVKIIASDNLWESISASMLLD
AELFKVVDVIGAHYPGTHSAKDAKLTGKKLWSSEDFSTLNSDMGAGCWGRILNQNYINGY
MTSTIAWNLVASYYEQLPYGRCGLMTAQEPWSGHYVVESPVWVSAHTTQFTQPGWYYLKT
VGHLEKGGSYVALTDGLGNLTIIIETMSHKHSKCIRPFLPYFNVSQQFATFVLKGSFSEI
PELQVWYTKLGKTSERFLFKQLDSLWLLDSDGSFTLSLHEDELFTLTTLTTGRKGSYPLP
PKSQPFPSTYKDDFNVDYPFFSEAPNFADQTGVFEYFTNIEDPGEHHFTLRQVLNQRPIT
WAADASNTISIIGDYNWTNLTIKCDVYIETPDTGGVFIAGRVNKGGILIRSARGIFFWIF
ANGSYRVTGDLAGWIIYALGRVEVTAKKWYTLTLTIKGHFASGMLNDKSLWTDIPVNFPK
NGWAAIGTHSFEFAQFDNFLVEATR
GenBank ID Protein 83281450
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P54803
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GALC_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID NM_000153.2
GeneCard ID GALC
GenAtlas ID GALC
HGNC ID HGNC:4115
References
General References
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  3. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed:12508121 ]
  4. Luzi P, Rafi MA, Wenger DA: Structure and organization of the human galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. Genomics. 1995 Mar 20;26(2):407-9. [PubMed:7601472 ]
  5. Sakai N, Fukushima H, Inui K, Fu L, Nishigaki T, Yanagihara I, Tatsumi N, Ozono K, Okada S: Human galactocerebrosidase gene: promoter analysis of the 5'-flanking region and structural organization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jan 7;1395(1):62-7. [PubMed:9434153 ]
  6. Chen YQ, Rafi MA, de Gala G, Wenger DA: Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding human galactocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1841-5. [PubMed:8281145 ]
  7. Sakai N, Inui K, Fujii N, Fukushima H, Nishimoto J, Yanagihara I, Isegawa Y, Iwamatsu A, Okada S: Krabbe disease: isolation and characterization of a full-length cDNA for human galactocerebrosidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jan 28;198(2):485-91. [PubMed:8297359 ]
  8. Chen YQ, Wenger DA: Galactocerebrosidase from human urine: purification and partial characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Sep 29;1170(1):53-61. [PubMed:8399327 ]
  9. Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P: Molecular genetics of Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy): diagnostic and clinical implications. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(4):268-79. [PubMed:9338580 ]
  10. Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P, Datto J, Costantino-Ceccarini E: Krabbe disease: genetic aspects and progress toward therapy. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 May;70(1):1-9. [PubMed:10833326 ]
  11. Rafi MA, Luzi P, Chen YQ, Wenger DA: A large deletion together with a point mutation in the GALC gene is a common mutant allele in patients with infantile Krabbe disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Aug;4(8):1285-9. [PubMed:7581365 ]
  12. Tatsumi N, Inui K, Sakai N, Fukushima H, Nishimoto J, Yanagihara I, Nishigaki T, Tsukamoto H, Fu L, Taniike M, et al.: Molecular defects in Krabbe disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Oct;4(10):1865-8. [PubMed:8595408 ]
  13. De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato EL, Battistini S, MacFarlane H, Gusella JF, Krivit W, Kolodny EH: Molecular heterogeneity of late-onset forms of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1233-42. [PubMed:8940268 ]
  14. Rafi MA, Luzi P, Zlotogora J, Wenger DA: Two different mutations are responsible for Krabbe disease in the Druze and Moslem Arab populations in Israel. Hum Genet. 1996 Mar;97(3):304-8. [PubMed:8786069 ]
  15. Furuya H, Kukita Y, Nagano S, Sakai Y, Yamashita Y, Fukuyama H, Inatomi Y, Saito Y, Koike R, Tsuji S, Fukumaki Y, Hayashi K, Kobayashi T: Adult onset globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease): analysis of galactosylceramidase cDNA from four Japanese patients. Hum Genet. 1997 Sep;100(3-4):450-6. [PubMed:9272171 ]
  16. De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato E, Battistini S, Raghavan S, Kolodny EH: Molecular basis of late-life globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(3):256-62. [PubMed:10477434 ]
  17. Fu L, Inui K, Nishigaki T, Tatsumi N, Tsukamoto H, Kokubu C, Muramatsu T, Okada S: Molecular heterogeneity of Krabbe disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1999 Apr;22(2):155-62. [PubMed:10234611 ]