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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00509
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 5756
  • HMDBP03861
Name Biotin--protein ligase
Synonyms
  1. Biotin apo-protein ligase
  2. Biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase
  3. Biotin--[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase
  4. Biotin--[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase
  5. Biotin--[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase [ATP-hydrolyzing]] ligase
  6. HCS
  7. Holocarboxylase synthetase
Gene Name HLCS
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
Specific Function Post-translational modification of specific protein by attachment of biotin. Acts on various carboxylases such as acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase.
Pathways
  • Biotin metabolism
  • Biotin Metabolism
  • Biotinidase Deficiency
  • Multiple carboxylase deficiency, neonatal or early onset form
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Biotin + apo-[methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase] → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + [methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase] details
Adenosine triphosphate + Biotin + apo-[propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + [propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] details
Adenosine triphosphate + Biotin + apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + [3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] details
Adenosine triphosphate + Biotin + apo-[acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] details
Adenosine triphosphate + Biotin → Pyrophosphate + Biotinyl-5'-AMP details
Biotinyl-5'-AMP + Apo-[carboxylase] → Adenosine monophosphate + Holo-[carboxylase] details
GO Classification
Biological Process
cell proliferation
histone biotinylation
response to biotin
Cellular Component
cytosol
mitochondrion
nuclear matrix
chromatin
nuclear lamina
Function
biotin-protein ligase activity
biotin-[acetyl-coa-carboxylase] ligase activity
catalytic activity
ligase activity
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
Molecular Function
ATP binding
biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
biotin-[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase activity
biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity
biotin binding
Process
metabolic process
macromolecule metabolic process
macromolecule modification
protein modification process
Cellular Location
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Mitochondrion
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 21
Locus 21q22.13
SNPs HLCS
Gene Sequence
>2181 bp
ATGGAAGATAGACTCCACATGGATAATGGACTGGTACCCCAAAAGATTGTGTCGGTGCAC
TTGCAGGACTCCACTCTGAAGGAAGTTAAGGATCAGGTCTCAAACAAGCAAGCCCAGATC
CTAGAGCCGAAGCCTGAACCTTCTCTTGAGATTAAGCCTGAGCAGGACGGTATGGAGCAT
GTTGGCAGAGATGACCCAAAGGCTCTTGGTGAAGAACCCAAACAAAGGAGAGGCAGTGCC
TCTGGGAGTGAGCCTGCTGGGGACAGTGACAGGGGAGGGGGCCCCGTTGAGCATTATCAC
CTCCATCTGTCTAGTTGCCACGAGTGTCTGGAACTTGAGAACAGCACCATTGAGTCAGTC
AAGTTTGCGTCTGCCGAGAACATTCCAGACCTTCCCTACGATTATAGCAGCAGTTTGGAG
AGTGTTGCTGATGAGACCTCCCCCGAAAGAGAAGGGAGGAGAGTCAACCTCACGGGAAAG
GCACCCAACATCCTCCTCTATGTGGGCTCCGACTCCCAGGAAGCCCTCGGCCGGTTCCAC
GAGGTCCGGTCTGTGCTGGCCGACTGTGTGGACATTGACAGTTATATTCTCTACCACCTG
CTGGAGGACAGTGCTCTCAGAGACCCGTGGACGGACAACTGTCTGCTGTTGGTCATTGCT
ACCAGGGAGTCCATTCCCGAAGACCTGTACCAGAAGTTCATGGCCTATCTTTCTCAGGGA
GGGAAGGTGTTGGGCCTGTCTTCATCCTTCACCTTTGGTGGCTTTCAGGTGACAAGCAAG
GGTGCACTGCACAAGACAGTCCAGAACTTGGTTTTCTCCAAGGCTGACCAGAGCGAGGTG
AAGCTCAGCGTCTTGAGCAGTGGCTGCAGGTACCAGGAAGGCCCCGTCCGGCTCAGCCCC
GGCAGGCTCCAGGGCCACCTGGAGAATGAGGACAAGGACAGGATGATTGTGCATGTGCCT
TTTGGAACTCGCGGGGGAGAAGCTGTTCTTTGCCAGGTGCACTTAGAACTACCTCCCAGC
TCCAACATAGTGCAAACTCCAGAAGATTTTAACTTGCTCAAGTCAAGCAATTTTAGAAGA
TACGAAGTCCTTAGAGAGATTCTGACAACCCTTGGCCTCAGCTGTGACATGAAACAAGTT
CCTGCCTTAACTCCTCTTTACTTGCTGTCAGCTGCGGAGGAAATCAGGGATCCTCTTATG
CAGTGGCTTGGGAAACATGTGGACTCCGAGGGAGAAATAAAATCCGGCCAGCTCTCTCTT
AGATTTGTTTCATCCTACGTGTCTGAAGTAGAAATAACCCCATCTTGTATACCTGTGGTG
ACCAACATGGAGGCCTTCTCATCAGAACATTTCAACTTAGAGATCTATCGCCAAAATCTG
CAGACCAAGCAGTTGGGGAAAGTAATTTTGTTTGCCGAAGTGACCCCCACAACGATGCGT
CTCCTGGATGGGCTGATGTTTCAGACACCGCAGGAAATGGGCTTAATAGTGATCGCGGCC
CGGCAGACCGAGGGCAAAGGACGGGGAGGGAATGTGTGGCTGAGCCCTGTGGGATGTGCT
CTTTCTACTCTGCTCATCTCCATTCCACTGAGATCCCAGCTGGGACAGAGGATCCCGTTT
GTCCAGCATCTGATGTCCGTGGCTGTCGTGGAAGCAGTGAGGTCCATTCCCGAGTATCAG
GATATCAACTTACGAGTGAAGTGGCCCAACGATATTTATTACAGTGACCTCATGAAGATC
GGCGGAGTTCTGGTTAACTCAACACTCATGGGAGAAACATTTTATATACTTATTGGCTGT
GGATTTAATGTGACTAACAGTAACCCTACCATCTGCATCAACGACCTCATCACAGAATAC
AATAAACAACACAAGGCAGAACTGAAGCCCTTAAGAGCCGATTATCTCATCGCCAGAGTC
GTGACTGTGCTGGAGAAACTGATCAAAGAGTTTCAGGACAAAGGGCCCAACAGCGTCCTT
CCCCTTTATTACCGATACTGGGTCCACAGTGGTCAGCAAGTCCATCTGGGCAGCGCAGAG
GGACCAAAGGTGTCCATCGTTGGCCTGGACGATTCTGGCTTCCTCCAGGTTCACCAGGAG
GGCGGCGAGGTTGTGACTGTGCACCCGGACGGCAACTCCTTCGACATGCTGAGAAACCTC
ATCCTCCCCAAACGGCGGTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 726
Molecular Weight 80759.345
Theoretical pI 5.613
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Biotin--protein ligase
MEDRLHMDNGLVPQKIVSVHLQDSTLKEVKDQVSNKQAQILEPKPEPSLEIKPEQDGMEH
VGRDDPKALGEEPKQRRGSASGSEPAGDSDRGGGPVEHYHLHLSSCHECLELENSTIESV
KFASAENIPDLPYDYSSSLESVADETSPEREGRRVNLTGKAPNILLYVGSDSQEALGRFH
EVRSVLADCVDIDSYILYHLLEDSALRDPWTDNCLLLVIATRESIPEDLYQKFMAYLSQG
GKVLGLSSSFTFGGFQVTSKGALHKTVQNLVFSKADQSEVKLSVLSSGCRYQEGPVRLSP
GRLQGHLENEDKDRMIVHVPFGTRGGEAVLCQVHLELPPSSNIVQTPEDFNLLKSSNFRR
YEVLREILTTLGLSCDMKQVPALTPLYLLSAAEEIRDPLMQWLGKHVDSEGEIKSGQLSL
RFVSSYVSEVEITPSCIPVVTNMEAFSSEHFNLEIYRQNLQTKQLGKVILFAEVTPTTMR
LLDGLMFQTPQEMGLIVIAARQTEGKGRGGNVWLSPVGCALSTLLISIPLRSQLGQRIPF
VQHLMSVAVVEAVRSIPEYQDINLRVKWPNDIYYSDLMKIGGVLVNSTLMGETFYILIGC
GFNVTNSNPTICINDLITEYNKQHKAELKPLRADYLIARVVTVLEKLIKEFQDKGPNSVL
PLYYRYWVHSGQQVHLGSAEGPKVSIVGLDDSGFLQVHQEGGEVVTVHPDGNSFDMLRNL
ILPKRR
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P50747
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BPL1_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID D23672
GeneCard ID HLCS
GenAtlas ID HLCS
HGNC ID HGNC:4976
References
General References
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  2. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed:18669648 ]
  3. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed:16959974 ]
  4. Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, Watanabe H, Yada T, Park HS, Toyoda A, Ishii K, Totoki Y, Choi DK, Groner Y, Soeda E, Ohki M, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Taudien S, Blechschmidt K, Polley A, Menzel U, Delabar J, Kumpf K, Lehmann R, Patterson D, Reichwald K, Rump A, Schillhabel M, Schudy A, Zimmermann W, Rosenthal A, Kudoh J, Schibuya K, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shintani A, Sasaki T, Nagamine K, Mitsuyama S, Antonarakis SE, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Nordsiek G, Hornischer K, Brant P, Scharfe M, Schon O, Desario A, Reichelt J, Kauer G, Blocker H, Ramser J, Beck A, Klages S, Hennig S, Riesselmann L, Dagand E, Haaf T, Wehrmeyer S, Borzym K, Gardiner K, Nizetic D, Francis F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21. Nature. 2000 May 18;405(6784):311-9. [PubMed:10830953 ]
  5. Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Ishida Y, Chiba Y, Iwamatsu A, Kishino T, Niikawa N, Matsubara Y, Narisawa K: Isolation and characterization of mutations in the human holocarboxylase synthetase cDNA. Nat Genet. 1994 Oct;8(2):122-8. [PubMed:7842009 ]
  6. Yang X, Aoki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Hiratsuka M, Kure S, Taheri S, Christensen E, Inui K, Kubota M, Ohira M, Ohki M, Kudoh J, Kawasaki K, Shibuya K, Shintani A, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Narisawa K, Matsubara Y, Suzuki Y: Structure of human holocarboxylase synthetase gene and mutation spectrum of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2001 Nov;109(5):526-34. Epub 2001 Oct 5. [PubMed:11735028 ]
  7. Dahmane N, Ghezala GA, Gosset P, Chamoun Z, Dufresne-Zacharia MC, Lopes C, Rabatel N, Gassanova-Maugenre S, Chettouh Z, Abramowski V, Fayet E, Yaspo ML, Korn B, Blouin JL, Lehrach H, Poutska A, Antonarakis SE, Sinet PM, Creau N, Delabar JM: Transcriptional map of the 2.5-Mb CBR-ERG region of chromosome 21 involved in Down syndrome. Genomics. 1998 Feb 15;48(1):12-23. [PubMed:9503011 ]
  8. Aoki Y, Suzuki Y, Sakamoto O, Li X, Takahashi K, Ohtake A, Sakuta R, Ohura T, Miyabayashi S, Narisawa K: Molecular analysis of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: a missense mutation and a single base deletion are predominant in Japanese patients. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Dec 12;1272(3):168-74. [PubMed:8541348 ]
  9. Dupuis L, Leon-Del-Rio A, Leclerc D, Campeau E, Sweetman L, Saudubray JM, Herman G, Gibson KM, Gravel RA: Clustering of mutations in the biotin-binding region of holocarboxylase synthetase in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Jul;5(7):1011-6. [PubMed:8817339 ]
  10. Aoki Y, Suzuki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Chikaoka H, Takita S, Narisawa K: Characterization of mutant holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS): a Km for biotin was not elevated in a patient with HCS deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1997 Dec;42(6):849-54. [PubMed:9396568 ]
  11. Aoki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Hiratsuka M, Akaishi H, Xu L, Briones P, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Suzuki Y, Narisawa K: Identification and characterization of mutations in patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 1999 Feb;104(2):143-8. [PubMed:10190325 ]
  12. Sakamoto O, Suzuki Y, Li X, Aoki Y, Hiratsuka M, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Gibson KM, Narisawa K: Relationship between kinetic properties of mutant enzyme and biochemical and clinical responsiveness to biotin in holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1999 Dec;46(6):671-6. [PubMed:10590022 ]
  13. Morrone A, Malvagia S, Donati MA, Funghini S, Ciani F, Pela I, Boneh A, Peters H, Pasquini E, Zammarchi E: Clinical findings and biochemical and molecular analysis of four patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Jul 22;111(1):10-8. [PubMed:12124727 ]
  14. Tang NL, Hui J, Yong CK, Wong LT, Applegarth DA, Vallance HD, Law LK, Fung SL, Mak TW, Sung YM, Cheung KL, Fok TF: A genomic approach to mutation analysis of holocarboxylase synthetase gene in three Chinese patients with late-onset holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Clin Biochem. 2003 Mar;36(2):145-9. [PubMed:12633764 ]
  15. Suzuki Y, Yang X, Aoki Y, Kure S, Matsubara Y: Mutations in the holocarboxylase synthetase gene HLCS. Hum Mutat. 2005 Oct;26(4):285-90. [PubMed:16134170 ]
  16. Bailey LM, Ivanov RA, Jitrapakdee S, Wilson CJ, Wallace JC, Polyak SW: Reduced half-life of holocarboxylase synthetase from patients with severe multiple carboxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2008 Jun;29(6):E47-57. doi: 10.1002/humu.20766. [PubMed:18429047 ]