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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00989
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6277
Name Cytochrome b
Synonyms
  1. Complex III subunit 3
  2. Complex III subunit III
  3. Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 3
  4. Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex cytochrome b subunit
Gene Name MT-CYB
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in respiratory electron transport chain
Specific Function Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is a respiratory chain that generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Component
membrane
cell part
Function
catalytic activity
electron carrier activity
oxidoreductase activity
Process
metabolic process
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
electron transport chain
respiratory electron transport chain
cellular metabolic process
Cellular Location
  1. Mitochondrion inner membrane
  2. Multi-pass membrane protein
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Not Available
Locus Not Available
SNPs MT-CYB
Gene Sequence
>1141 bp
ATGACCCCAATACGCAAAATTAACCCCCTAATAAAATTAATTAACCACTCATTCATCGAC
CTCCCCACCCCATCCAACATCTCCGCATGATGAAACTTCGGCTCACTCCTTGGCGCCTGC
CTGATCCTCCAAATCACCACAGGACTATTCCTAGCCATGCACTACTCACCAGACGCCTCA
ACCGCCTTTTCATCAATCGCCCACATCACTCGAGACGTAAATTATGGCTGAATCATCCGC
TACCTTCACGCCAATGGCGCCTCAATATTCTTTATCTGCCTCTTCCTACACATCGGGCGA
GGCCTATATTACGGATCATTTCTCTACTCAGAAACCTGAAACATCGGCATTATCCTCCTG
CTTGCAACTATAGCAACAGCCTTCATAGGTTATGTCCTCCCGTGAGGCCAAATATCATTC
TGAGGGGCCACAGTAATTACAAACTTACTATCCGCCATCCCATACATTGGGACAGACCTA
GTTCAATGAATCTGAGGAGGCTACTCAGTAGACAGTCCCACCCTCACACGATTCTTTACC
TTTCACTTCATCTTGCCCTTCATTATTGCAACCCTAGCAGCACTCCACCTCCTATTCTTG
CACGAAACGGGATCAAACAACCCCCTAGGAATCACCTCCCATTCCGATAAAATCACCTTC
CACCCTTACTACACAATCAAAGACACCCTCGGCTTACTTCTCTTCCTTCTCTCCTTAATG
ACATTAACACTATTCTCACCAGACCTCCTAGGCGACCCAGACAATTATACCCTAGCCAAC
CCCTTAAACACCCCTCCCCACATCAAGCCCGAATGATATTTCCTATTCGCCTACACAATT
CTCCGATCCGTCCCTAACAAACTAGGAGGCGTCCTTGCCCTATTACTATCCATCCTCATC
CTAGCAATAATCCCCATCCTCCATATATCCAAACAACAAAGCATAATATTTCGCCCACTA
AGCCAATCACTTTATTGACTCCTAGCCGCAGACCTCCTCATTCTAACCTGAATCGGAGGA
CAACCAGTAAGCTACCCTTTTACCATCATTGGACAAGTAGCATCCGTACTATACTTCACA
ACAATCCTAATCCTAATACCAACTATCTCCCTAATTGAAAACAAAATACTCAAATGGGCC
T
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 380
Molecular Weight 42729.1
Theoretical pI 8.22
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • 33-53
  • 76-98
  • 115-135
  • 138-158
  • 178-198
  • 230-250
  • 288-308
  • 323-343
  • 349-369
Protein Sequence
>Cytochrome b
MTPMRKINPLMKLINHSFIDLPTPSNISAWWNFGSLLGACLILQITTGLFLAMHYSPDAS
TAFSSIAHITRDVNYGWIIRYLHANGASMFFICLFLHIGRGLYYGSFLYSETWNIGIILL
LATMATAFMGYVLPWGQMSFWGATVITNLLSAIPYIGTDLVQWIWGGYSVDSPTLTRFFT
FHFILPFIIAALATLHLLFLHETGSNNPLGITSHSDKITFHPYYTIKDALGLLLFLLSLM
TLTLFSPDLLGDPDNYTLANPLNTPPHIKPEWYFLFAYTILRSVPNKLGGVLALLLSILI
LAMIPILHMSKQQSMMFRPLSQSLYWLLAADLLILTWIGGQPVSYPFTIIGQVASVLYFT
TILILMPTISLIENKMLKWA
GenBank ID Protein 4835578
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P00156
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CYB_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID D38112
GeneCard ID MT-CYB
GenAtlas ID MT-CYB
HGNC ID HGNC:7427
References
General References
  1. Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):457-65. [PubMed:7219534 ]
  2. Horai S, Hayasaka K, Kondo R, Tsugane K, Takahata N: Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 17;92(2):532-6. [PubMed:7530363 ]
  3. Ingman M, Kaessmann H, Paabo S, Gyllensten U: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):708-13. [PubMed:11130070 ]
  4. Marzuki S, Noer AS, Lertrit P, Thyagarajan D, Kapsa R, Utthanaphol P, Byrne E: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base. Hum Genet. 1991 Dec;88(2):139-45. [PubMed:1757091 ]
  5. Polyak K, Li Y, Zhu H, Lengauer C, Willson JK, Markowitz SD, Trush MA, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in human colorectal tumours. Nat Genet. 1998 Nov;20(3):291-3. [PubMed:9806551 ]
  6. Maca-Meyer N, Gonzalez AM, Larruga JM, Flores C, Cabrera VM: Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions. BMC Genet. 2001;2:13. Epub 2001 Aug 13. [PubMed:11553319 ]
  7. Brown MD, Voljavec AS, Lott MT, Torroni A, Yang CC, Wallace DC: Mitochondrial DNA complex I and III mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Genetics. 1992 Jan;130(1):163-73. [PubMed:1732158 ]
  8. Silva WA Jr, Bonatto SL, Holanda AJ, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Paixao BM, Goldman GH, Abe-Sandes K, Rodriguez-Delfin L, Barbosa M, Paco-Larson ML, Petzl-Erler ML, Valente V, Santos SE, Zago MA: Mitochondrial genome diversity of Native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;71(1):187-92. Epub 2002 May 17. [PubMed:12022039 ]
  9. Valnot I, Kassis J, Chretien D, de Lonlay P, Parfait B, Munnich A, Kachaner J, Rustin P, Rotig A: A mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation but no mutations of nuclearly encoded subunits in ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase (complex III) deficiency. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):460-6. [PubMed:10453733 ]
  10. Andrews RM, Kubacka I, Chinnery PF, Lightowlers RN, Turnbull DM, Howell N: Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet. 1999 Oct;23(2):147. [PubMed:10508508 ]
  11. Marin-Garcia J, Ananthakrishnan R, Gonzalvo A, Goldenthal MJ: Novel mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome b in fatal post partum cardiomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(1):77-8. [PubMed:7623448 ]
  12. Spurr NK, Bodmer WF: Serendipitous cloning of a mitochondrial cDNA and its polymorphism. Mol Biol Med. 1984 Aug;2(4):239-49. [PubMed:6100559 ]
  13. Keightley JA, Anitori R, Burton MD, Quan F, Buist NR, Kennaway NG: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and complex III deficiency associated with a stop-codon mutation in the cytochrome b gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Dec;67(6):1400-10. Epub 2000 Oct 20. [PubMed:11047755 ]
  14. Dumoulin R, Sagnol I, Ferlin T, Bozon D, Stepien G, Mousson B: A novel gly290asp mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation linked to a complex III deficiency in progressive exercise intolerance. Mol Cell Probes. 1996 Oct;10(5):389-91. [PubMed:8910895 ]
  15. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Shtilbans A, Hirano M, Krishna S, Hayward L, Systrom DS, Brown RH Jr, DiMauro S: Missense mutation in the mtDNA cytochrome b gene in a patient with myopathy. Neurology. 1998 Nov;51(5):1444-7. [PubMed:9818877 ]
  16. Andreu AL, Hanna MG, Reichmann H, Bruno C, Penn AS, Tanji K, Pallotti F, Iwata S, Bonilla E, Lach B, Morgan-Hughes J, DiMauro S: Exercise intolerance due to mutations in the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 30;341(14):1037-44. [PubMed:10502593 ]
  17. Andreu AL, Checcarelli N, Iwata S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: A missense mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in a revisited case with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Res. 2000 Sep;48(3):311-4. [PubMed:10960495 ]
  18. Wibrand F, Ravn K, Schwartz M, Rosenberg T, Horn N, Vissing J: Multisystem disorder associated with a missense mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Ann Neurol. 2001 Oct;50(4):540-3. [PubMed:11601507 ]
  19. Legros F, Chatzoglou E, Frachon P, Ogier De Baulny H, Laforet P, Jardel C, Godinot C, Lombes A: Functional characterization of novel mutations in the human cytochrome b gene. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Jul;9(7):510-8. [PubMed:11464242 ]
  20. Schuelke M, Krude H, Finckh B, Mayatepek E, Janssen A, Schmelz M, Trefz F, Trijbels F, Smeitink J: Septo-optic dysplasia associated with a new mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation. Ann Neurol. 2002 Mar;51(3):388-92. [PubMed:11891837 ]
  21. Okura T, Koda M, Ando F, Niino N, Tanaka M, Shimokata H: Association of the mitochondrial DNA 15497G/A polymorphism with obesity in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population. Hum Genet. 2003 Oct;113(5):432-6. Epub 2003 Aug 2. [PubMed:12905068 ]