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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01568
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6864
Name Beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
Synonyms
  1. Beta-carotene dioxygenase 1
Gene Name BCMO1
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Specific Function Symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal. The reaction proceeds in three stages, epoxidation of the 15,15'-double bond, hydration of the double bond leading to ring opening, and oxidative cleavage of the diol formed.
Pathways
  • Retinol metabolism
  • Retinol Metabolism
  • Vitamin A Deficiency
Reactions
beta-Carotene + Oxygen → Retinal details
beta-Carotene + Oxygen + Reduced acceptor → beta-Carotene-15,15'-epoxide + Water + Acceptor details
beta-Carotene-15,15'-epoxide + Water → 15,15'-Dihydroxy-beta-carotene details
15,15'-Dihydroxy-beta-carotene + Acceptor → Retinal + Reduced acceptor details
GO Classification
Biological Process
retinol metabolic process
vitamin A biosynthetic process
steroid metabolic process
retinal metabolic process
Cellular Component
cytosol
Molecular Function
metal ion binding
beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase activity
monooxygenase activity
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 16
Locus 16q23.2
SNPs BCMO1
Gene Sequence
>1644 bp
ATGGATATAATATTTGGCAGGAATAGGAAAGAACAGCTGGAGCCTGTGAGGGCCAAAGTG
ACAGGCAAGATTCCAGCATGGCTGCAGGGAACCCTGCTCCGCAACGGGCCTGGGATGCAC
ACAGTTGGGGAGTCCAGATACAACCATTGGTTCGACGGCCTTGCCCTGCTCCACAGCTTC
ACCATCAGAGACGGTGAAGTCTATTACAGGAGCAAATACCTGAGAAGCGATACCTACAAC
ACCAATATTGAGGCAAACAGGATTGTGGTGTCTGAGTTTGGAACAATGGCCTATCCGGAC
CCCTGCAAAAACATATTTTCCAAAGCTTTCTCCTACTTGTCTCACACCATCCCCGATTTC
ACCGACAACTGCCTGATCAACATCATGAAGTGCGGAGAAGACTTCTACGCGACCTCAGAG
ACCAATTACATCAGGAAAATCAACCCACAGACTCTGGAAACCCTGGAGAAGGTTGATTAT
CGTAAATACGTGGCGGTAAATCTGGCAACGTCACATCCCCATTATGATGAGGCTGGAAAT
GTTCTAAACATGGGCACATCCATTGTGGAAAAGGGGAAGACAAAGTATGTGATTTTTAAG
ATCCCTGCCACAGTACCAGAGGGCAAGAAGCAGGGGAAGAGCCCCTGGAAGCACACAGAG
GTGTTCTGCTCCATCCCATCCCGCTCCCTGCTCTCCCCAAGCTACTACCACAGCTTTGGA
GTCACCGAGAACTATGTCATCTTCCTTGAGCAGCCTTTCAGGTTGGATATTCTCAAGATG
GCAACCGCATACATCCGGAGAATGAGCTGGGCCTCCTGCCTGGCTTTCCACAGGGAGGAG
AAGACTTATATCCACATCATCGACCAAAGGACCAGGCAGCCTGTGCAGACCAAGTTTTAC
ACAGACGCCATGGTGGTCTTCCATCACGTCAACGCCTACGAAGAGGACGGCTGCATCGTG
TTTGACGTCATTGCCTACGAGGACAACAGCCTCTACCAGCTCTTCTACCTGGCCAACCTG
AACCAGGACTTCAAGGAGAACTCCAGGCTCACCTCGGTCCCCACCCTCAGGAGGTTTGCC
GTGCCCCTCCACGTGGACAAGAATGCAGAAGTGGGCACAAATTTAATCAAAGTGGCATCT
ACAACAGCCACGGCCCTGAAGGAAGAAGATGGCCAAGTCTACTGCCAGCCGGAATTTCTT
TATGAAGGCTTAGAGCTTCCACGGGTCAATTATGCTCACAATGGAAAGCAATACCGATAT
GTCTTTGCTACAGGAGTTCAGTGGAGTCCAATCCCAACCAAGATAATAAAATATGACATT
CTCACAAAGTCATCCTTAAAATGGAGAGAGGACGACTGCTGGCCAGCGGAACCCCTGTTT
GTGCCCGCGCCAGGTGCCAAGGATGAGGATGACGGAGTAATCTTATCAGCCATTGTCTCT
ACTGATCCCCAAAAGCTGCCTTTTCTGCTCATTCTGGATGCCAAAAGCTTTACGGAATTG
GCCCGTGCCTCTGTTGATGTCGATATGCACATGGATCTCCATGGATTATTCATTACAGAC
ATGGACTGGGACACAAAAAAGCAGGCCGCTTCTGAGGAACAGCGGGACAGGGCTTCCGAC
TGCCACGGGGCTCCTCTGACCTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 547
Molecular Weight 62636.69
Theoretical pI 6.672
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
MDIIFGRNRKEQLEPVRAKVTGKIPAWLQGTLLRNGPGMHTVGESRYNHWFDGLALLHSF
TIRDGEVYYRSKYLRSDTYNTNIEANRIVVSEFGTMAYPDPCKNIFSKAFSYLSHTIPDF
TDNCLINIMKCGEDFYATSETNYIRKINPQTLETLEKVDYRKYVAVNLATSHPHYDEAGN
VLNMGTSIVEKGKTKYVIFKIPATVPEGKKQGKSPWKHTEVFCSIPSRSLLSPSYYHSFG
VTENYVIFLEQPFRLDILKMATAYIRRMSWASCLAFHREEKTYIHIIDQRTRQPVQTKFY
TDAMVVFHHVNAYEEDGCIVFDVIAYEDNSLYQLFYLANLNQDFKENSRLTSVPTLRRFA
VPLHVDKNAEVGTNLIKVASTTATALKEEDGQVYCQPEFLYEGLELPRVNYAHNGKQYRY
VFATGVQWSPIPTKIIKYDILTKSSLKWREDDCWPAEPLFVPAPGAKDEDDGVILSAIVS
TDPQKLPFLLILDAKSFTELARASVDVDMHMDLHGLFITDMDWDTKKQAASEEQRDRASD
CHGAPLT
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9HAY6
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BCDO1_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID AF294900
GeneCard ID BCMO1
GenAtlas ID BCMO1
HGNC ID HGNC:13815
References
General References
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  3. Yan W, Jang GF, Haeseleer F, Esumi N, Chang J, Kerrigan M, Campochiaro M, Campochiaro P, Palczewski K, Zack DJ: Cloning and characterization of a human beta,beta-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase that is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium. Genomics. 2001 Mar 1;72(2):193-202. [PubMed:11401432 ]
  4. Lindqvist A, Sharvill J, Sharvill DE, Andersson S: Loss-of-function mutation in carotenoid 15,15'-monooxygenase identified in a patient with hypercarotenemia and hypovitaminosis A. J Nutr. 2007 Nov;137(11):2346-50. [PubMed:17951468 ]