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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01692
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 7029
  • HMDBP05697
Name Glutaredoxin-1
Synonyms
  1. TTase-1
  2. Thioltransferase-1
Gene Name GLRX
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones
Specific Function Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
catalytic activity
electron carrier activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors
disulfide oxidoreductase activity
protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
oxidoreductase activity
Process
cellular process
cellular homeostasis
cell redox homeostasis
Cellular Location
  1. Cytoplasm
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:5
Locus 5q14
SNPs GLRX
Gene Sequence
>321 bp
ATGGCTCAAGAGTTTGTGAACTGCAAAATCCAGCCTGGGAAGGTGGTTGTGTTCATCAAG
CCCACCTGCCCGTACTGCAGGAGGGCCCAAGAGATCCTCAGTCAATTGCCCATCAAACAA
GGGCTTCTGGAATTTGTCGATATCACAGCCACCAACCACACTAACGAGATTCAAGATTAT
TTGCAACAGCTCACGGGAGCAAGAACGGTGCCTCGAGTCTTTATTGGTAAAGATTGTATA
GGCGGATGCAGTGATCTAGTCTCTTTGCAACAGAGTGGGGAACTGCTGACGCGGCTAAAG
CAGATTGGAGCTCTGCAGTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 106
Molecular Weight 11775.7
Theoretical pI 8.21
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence
>Glutaredoxin-1
MAQEFVNCKIQPGKVVVFIKPTCPYCRRAQEILSQLPIKQGLLEFVDITATNHTNEIQDY
LQQLTGARTVPRVFIGKDCIGGCSDLVSLQQSGELLTRLKQIGALQ
GenBank ID Protein 3603310
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35754
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLRX1_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID AF069668
GeneCard ID GLRX
GenAtlas ID Not Available
HGNC ID Not Available
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  3. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. [PubMed:19413330 ]
  4. Fernando MR, Sumimoto H, Nanri H, Kawabata S, Iwanaga S, Minakami S, Fukumaki Y, Takeshige K: Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jun 21;1218(2):229-31. [PubMed:8018729 ]
  5. Padilla CA, Martinez-Galisteo E, Barcena JA, Spyrou G, Holmgren A: Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jan 15;227(1-2):27-34. [PubMed:7851394 ]
  6. Park JB, Levine M: Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin. Biochem J. 1996 May 1;315 ( Pt 3):931-8. [PubMed:8645179 ]
  7. Park JB, Levine M: The human glutaredoxin gene: determination of its organization, transcription start point, and promoter analysis. Gene. 1997 Sep 15;197(1-2):189-93. [PubMed:9332366 ]
  8. Qiao F, Xing K, Liu A, Ehlers N, Raghavachari N, Lou MF: Human lens thioltransferase: cloning, purification, and function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Mar;42(3):743-51. [PubMed:11222536 ]
  9. Papov VV, Gravina SA, Mieyal JJ, Biemann K: The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells. Protein Sci. 1994 Mar;3(3):428-34. [PubMed:8019414 ]
  10. Sun C, Berardi MJ, Bushweller JH: The NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form. J Mol Biol. 1998 Jul 24;280(4):687-701. [PubMed:9677297 ]
  11. Yang Y, Jao Sc, Nanduri S, Starke DW, Mieyal JJ, Qin J: Reactivity of the human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) C7S, C25S, C78S, C82S mutant and NMR solution structure of its glutathionyl mixed disulfide intermediate reflect catalytic specificity. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 8;37(49):17145-56. [PubMed:9860827 ]