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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02802
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 8308
  • HMDBP03678
Name Protein disulfide-isomerase
Synonyms
  1. Cellular thyroid hormone-binding protein
  2. PDI
  3. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta
  4. p55
Gene Name P4HB
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in isomerase activity
Specific Function This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chaperones in the structural modification of the TG precursor in hormone biogenesis. Also acts a structural subunit of various enzymes such as prolyl 4-hydroxylase and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Component
endoplasmic reticulum
organelle
membrane-bounded organelle
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Function
catalytic activity
isomerase activity
Process
cellular process
cellular homeostasis
cell redox homeostasis
Cellular Location
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Melanosome
  3. Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
  4. Peripheral membrane protein (Potential)
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:1
Locus 17q25
SNPs P4HB
Gene Sequence
>1527 bp
ATGCTGCGCCGCGCTCTGCTGTGCCTGCCGTGGNCCGCCCTGGTGCGCGCCGACGCCCCC
GAGGAGGAGGACCACGTCTTGGTGCTGCGGAAAAGCAACTTCGCGGAGGCGCTGGCGGCC
CACAAGTACCCGCCGGTGGAGTTCCATGCCCCCTGGTGTGGCCACTGCAAGGCTCTGGCC
CCTGAGTATGCCAAAGCCGCTGGGAAGCTGAAGGCAGAAGGTTCCGAGATCAGGTTGGCC
AAGGTGGACGCCACGGAGGAGTCTGACCTAGCCCAGCAGTACGGCGTGCGCGGCTATCCC
ACCATCAAGTTCTTCAGGAATGGAGACACGGCTTCCCCCAAGGAATATACAGCTGGCAGA
GAGGCTGATGACATCGTGAACTGGCTGAAGAAGCGCACGGGCCCGGCTGCCACCACCCTG
CCTGACGGCGCAGCTGCAGAGTCCTTGGTGGAGTCCAGCGAGGTGGCCGTCATCGGCTTC
TTCAAGGACGTGGAGTCGGACTCTGCCAAGCAGTTTTTGCAGGCAGCAGAGGCCATCGAT
GACATACCATTTGGGATCACTTCCAACAGTGACGTGTTCTCCAAATACCAGCTCGACAAA
GATGGGGTTGTCCTCTTTAAGAAGTTTGATGAAGGCCGGAACAACTTTGAAGGGGAGGTC
ACCAAGGAGAACCTGCTGGACTTTATCAAACACAACCAGCTGCCCCTTGTCATCGAGTTC
ACCGAGCAGACAGCCCCGAAGATTTTTGGAGGTGAAATCAAGACTCACATCCTGCTGTTC
TTGCCCAAGAGTGTGTCTGACTATGACGGCAAACTGAGCAACTTCAAAACAGCAGCCGAG
AGCTTCAAGGGCAAGATCCTGTTCATCTTCATCGACAGCGACCACACCGACAACCAGCGC
ATCCTCGAGTTCTTTGGCCTGAAGAAGGAAGAGTGCCCGGCCGTGCGCCTCATCACCTTG
GAGGAGGAGATGACCAAGTACAAGCCCGAATCGGAGGAGCTGACGGCAGAGAGGATCACA
GAGTTCTGCCACCGCTTCCTGGAGGGCAAAATCAAGCCCCACCTGATGAGCCAGGAGCTG
CCGGAGGACTGGGACAAGCAGCCTGTCAAGGTGCTTGTTGGGAAGAACTTTGAAGACGTG
GCTTTTGATGAGAAAAAAAACGTCTTTGTGGAGTTCTATGCCCCATGGTGTGGTCACTGC
AAACAGTTGGCTCCCATTTGGGATAAACTGGGAGAGACGTACAAGGACCATGAGAACATC
GTCATCGCCAAGATGGACTCGACTGCCAACGAGGTGGAGGCCGTCAAAGTGCACGGCTTC
CCCACACTCGGGTTCTTTCCTGCCAGTGCCGACAGGACGGTCATTGATTACAACGGGGAA
CGCACGCTGGATGGTTTTAAGAAATTCCTAGAGAGCGGTGGCCAAGATGGGGCAGGGGAT
GTTGACGACCTCGAGGACCTCGAAGAAGCAGAGGAGCCAGACATGGAGGAAGACGATGAC
CAGAAAGCTGTGAAAGATGAACTGTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 508
Molecular Weight 57115.8
Theoretical pI 4.49
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • 1-17
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence
>Protein disulfide-isomerase
MLRRALLCLAVAALVRADAPEEEDHVLVLRKSNFAEALAAHKYLLVEFYAPWCGHCKALA
PEYAKAAGKLKAEGSEIRLAKVDATEESDLAQQYGVRGYPTIKFFRNGDTASPKEYTAGR
EADDIVNWLKKRTGPAATTLPDGAAAESLVESSEVAVIGFFKDVESDSAKQFLQAAEAID
DIPFGITSNSDVFSKYQLDKDGVVLFKKFDEGRNNFEGEVTKENLLDFIKHNQLPLVIEF
TEQTAPKIFGGEIKTHILLFLPKSVSDYDGKLSNFKTAAESFKGKILFIFIDSDHTDNQR
ILEFFGLKKEECPAVRLITLEEEMTKYKPESEELTAERITEFCHRFLEGKIKPHLMSQEL
PEDWDKQPVKVLVGKNFEDVAFDEKKNVFVEFYAPWCGHCKQLAPIWDKLGETYKDHENI
VIAKMDSTANEVEAVKVHSFPTLKFFPASADRTVIDYNGERTLDGFKKFLESGGQDGAGD
DDDLEDLEEAEEPDMEEDDDQKAVKDEL
GenBank ID Protein 35655
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P07237
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDIA1_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID X05130
GeneCard ID P4HB
GenAtlas ID P4HB
HGNC ID HGNC:8548
References
General References
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  9. Cheng SY, Gong QH, Parkison C, Robinson EA, Appella E, Merlino GT, Pastan I: The nucleotide sequence of a human cellular thyroid hormone binding protein present in endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug 15;262(23):11221-7. [PubMed:3611107 ]
  10. Tasanen K, Parkkonen T, Chow LT, Kivirikko KI, Pihlajaniemi T: Characterization of the human gene for a polypeptide that acts both as the beta subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and as protein disulfide isomerase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 5;263(31):16218-24. [PubMed:2846539 ]
  11. Tasanen K, Oikarinen J, Kivirikko KI, Pihlajaniemi T: Promoter of the gene for the multifunctional protein disulfide isomerase polypeptide. Functional significance of the six CCAAT boxes and other promoter elements. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):11513-9. [PubMed:1597478 ]
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  16. Mezghrani A, Courageot J, Mani JC, Pugniere M, Bastiani P, Miquelis R: Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) in FRTL5 cells. pH-dependent thyroglobulin/PDI interactions determine a novel PDI function in the post-endoplasmic reticulum of thyrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1920-9. [PubMed:10636893 ]
  17. Fenouillet E, Barbouche R, Courageot J, Miquelis R: The catalytic activity of protein disulfide isomerase is involved in human immunodeficiency virus envelope-mediated membrane fusion after CD4 cell binding. J Infect Dis. 2001 Mar 1;183(5):744-52. Epub 2001 Jan 25. [PubMed:11181151 ]
  18. Lumb RA, Bulleid NJ: Is protein disulfide isomerase a redox-dependent molecular chaperone? EMBO J. 2002 Dec 16;21(24):6763-70. [PubMed:12485997 ]
  19. Ko HS, Uehara T, Nomura Y: Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomerase in the endoplasmic reticulum in stress-induced apoptotic cell death. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 20;277(38):35386-92. Epub 2002 Jul 2. [PubMed:12095988 ]
  20. Gallina A, Hanley TM, Mandel R, Trahey M, Broder CC, Viglianti GA, Ryser HJ: Inhibitors of protein-disulfide isomerase prevent cleavage of disulfide bonds in receptor-bound glycoprotein 120 and prevent HIV-1 entry. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 27;277(52):50579-88. Epub 2002 Sep 5. [PubMed:12218051 ]
  21. Barbouche R, Miquelis R, Jones IM, Fenouillet E: Protein-disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of two disulfide bonds of HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 occurs post-CXCR4 binding and is required for fusion. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 31;278(5):3131-6. Epub 2002 Sep 5. [PubMed:12218052 ]
  22. Wilkinson B, Gilbert HF: Protein disulfide isomerase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Jun 1;1699(1-2):35-44. [PubMed:15158710 ]
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  25. Kemmink J, Darby NJ, Dijkstra K, Scheek RM, Creighton TE: Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of protein disulfide isomerase. Protein Sci. 1995 Dec;4(12):2587-93. [PubMed:8580850 ]
  26. Kemmink J, Darby NJ, Dijkstra K, Nilges M, Creighton TE: Structure determination of the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of protein disulfide isomerase using multidimensional heteronuclear 13C/15N NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 1996 Jun 18;35(24):7684-91. [PubMed:8672469 ]
  27. Kemmink J, Dijkstra K, Mariani M, Scheek RM, Penka E, Nilges M, Darby NJ: The structure in solution of the b domain of protein disulfide isomerase. J Biomol NMR. 1999 Apr;13(4):357-68. [PubMed:10383197 ]