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Showing Protein Frataxin, mitochondrial (HMDBP02901)

IdentificationBiological propertiesGene propertiesProtein propertiesExternal linksReferencesXMLShow 6 metabolites
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02901
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 8409
Name Frataxin, mitochondrial
Synonyms
  1. Frataxin intermediate form
  2. Frataxin mature form
  3. Frataxin(56-210)
  4. Frataxin(78-210)
  5. Frataxin(81-210)
  6. Friedreich ataxia protein
  7. Fxn
  8. d-FXN
  9. i-FXN
  10. m56-FXN
  11. m78-FXN
  12. m81-FXN
Gene Name FXN
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in cellular iron ion homeostasis
Specific Function Promotes the biosynthesis of heme and assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways. May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+); the oligomeric form but not the monomeric form has in vitro ferroxidase activity. May be able to store large amounts of iron in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization; however, the physiological relevance is unsure as reports are conflicting and the function has only been shown using heterologous overexpression systems. Modulates the RNA-binding activity of ACO1.
Pathways Not Available
Reactions
Fe2+ + Hydrogen Ion + Oxygen → Iron + Water details
GO Classification
Biological Process
ion transport
iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth
negative regulation of organ growth
negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
oxidative phosphorylation
positive regulation of lyase activity
positive regulation of transferase activity
proprioception
protein autoprocessing
regulation of ferrochelatase activity
heme biosynthetic process
response to iron ion
positive regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of apoptotic process
response to drug
positive regulation of axon extension
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
cellular iron ion homeostasis
adult walking behavior
positive regulation of cell growth
mitochondrion organization
positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
response to organic cyclic compound
positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
aerobic respiration
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
Cellular Component
cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
Component
mitochondrion
organelle
membrane-bounded organelle
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Molecular Function
ferrous iron binding
ferric iron binding
iron chaperone activity
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
ferroxidase activity
Process
biological regulation
regulation of biological quality
homeostatic process
chemical homeostasis
ion homeostasis
cellular ion homeostasis
cellular cation homeostasis
cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis
cellular iron ion homeostasis
Cellular Location
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Mitochondrion
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 9
Locus 9q21.11
SNPs FXN
Gene Sequence 
>633 bp
ATGTGGACTCTCGGGCGCCGCGCAGTAGCCGGCCTCCTGGCGTCACCCAGCCCAGCCCAG
GCCCAGACCCTCACCCGGGTCCCGCGGCCGGCAGAGTTGGCCCCACTCTGCGGCCGCCGT
GGCCTGCGCACCGACATCGATGCGACCTGCACGCCCCGCCGCGCAAGTTCGAACCAACGT
GGCCTCAACCAGATTTGGAATGTCAAAAAGCAGAGTGTCTATTTGATGAATTTGAGGAAA
TCTGGAACTTTGGGCCACCCAGGCTCTCTAGATGAGACCACCTATGAAAGACTAGCAGAG
GAAACGCTGGACTCTTTAGCAGAGTTTTTTGAAGACCTTGCAGACAAGCCATACACGTTT
GAGGACTATGATGTCTCCTTTGGGAGTGGTGTCTTAACTGTCAAACTGGGTGGAGATCTA
GGAACCTATGTGATCAACAAGCAGACGCCAAACAAGCAAATCTGGCTATCTTCTCCATCC
AGTGGACCTAAGCGTTATGACTGGACTGGGAAAAACTGGGTGTACTCCCACGACGGCGTG
TCCCTCCATGAGCTGCTGGCCGCAGAGCTCACTAAAGCCTTAAAAACCAAACTGGACTTG
TCTTCCTTGGCCTATTCCGGAAAAGATGCTTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 210
Molecular Weight 23134.895
Theoretical pI 8.687
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence 
>Frataxin, mitochondrial
MWTLGRRAVAGLLASPSPAQAQTLTRVPRPAELAPLCGRRGLRTDIDATCTPRRASSNQR
GLNQIWNVKKQSVYLMNLRKSGTLGHPGSLDETTYERLAEETLDSLAEFFEDLADKPYTF
EDYDVSFGSGVLTVKLGGDLGTYVINKQTPNKQIWLSSPSSGPKRYDWTGKNWVYSHDGV
SLHELLAAELTKALKTKLDLSSLAYSGKDA
GenBank ID Protein 31077081
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16595
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name FRDA_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID NM_000144.4
GeneCard ID FXN
GenAtlas ID FXN
HGNC ID HGNC:3951
References
General References
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  4. Campuzano V, Montermini L, Molto MD, Pianese L, Cossee M, Cavalcanti F, Monros E, Rodius F, Duclos F, Monticelli A, Zara F, Canizares J, Koutnikova H, Bidichandani SI, Gellera C, Brice A, Trouillas P, De Michele G, Filla A, De Frutos R, Palau F, Patel PI, Di Donato S, Mandel JL, Cocozza S, Koenig M, Pandolfo M: Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion. Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7. [PubMed:8596916 ]
  5. Schmucker S, Argentini M, Carelle-Calmels N, Martelli A, Puccio H: The in vivo mitochondrial two-step maturation of human frataxin. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Nov 15;17(22):3521-31. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn244. Epub 2008 Aug 25. [PubMed:18725397 ]
  6. Condo I, Ventura N, Malisan F, Rufini A, Tomassini B, Testi R: In vivo maturation of human frataxin. Hum Mol Genet. 2007 Jul 1;16(13):1534-40. Epub 2007 Apr 27. [PubMed:17468497 ]
  7. Campuzano V, Montermini L, Lutz Y, Cova L, Hindelang C, Jiralerspong S, Trottier Y, Kish SJ, Faucheux B, Trouillas P, Authier FJ, Durr A, Mandel JL, Vescovi A, Pandolfo M, Koenig M: Frataxin is reduced in Friedreich ataxia patients and is associated with mitochondrial membranes. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Oct;6(11):1771-80. [PubMed:9302253 ]
  8. Koutnikova H, Campuzano V, Foury F, Dolle P, Cazzalini O, Koenig M: Studies of human, mouse and yeast homologues indicate a mitochondrial function for frataxin. Nat Genet. 1997 Aug;16(4):345-51. [PubMed:9241270 ]
  9. Gordon DM, Shi Q, Dancis A, Pain D: Maturation of frataxin within mammalian and yeast mitochondria: one-step processing by matrix processing peptidase. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Nov;8(12):2255-62. [PubMed:10545606 ]
  10. Branda SS, Cavadini P, Adamec J, Kalousek F, Taroni F, Isaya G: Yeast and human frataxin are processed to mature form in two sequential steps by the mitochondrial processing peptidase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22763-9. [PubMed:10428860 ]
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  12. Cavadini P, O'Neill HA, Benada O, Isaya G: Assembly and iron-binding properties of human frataxin, the protein deficient in Friedreich ataxia. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Feb 1;11(3):217-27. [PubMed:11823441 ]
  13. Nichol H, Gakh O, O'Neill HA, Pickering IJ, Isaya G, George GN: Structure of frataxin iron cores: an X-ray absorption spectroscopic study. Biochemistry. 2003 May 27;42(20):5971-6. [PubMed:12755598 ]
  14. Yoon T, Cowan JA: Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. Characterization of frataxin as an iron donor for assembly of [2Fe-2S] clusters in ISU-type proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2003 May 21;125(20):6078-84. [PubMed:12785837 ]
  15. Yoon T, Cowan JA: Frataxin-mediated iron delivery to ferrochelatase in the final step of heme biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 18;279(25):25943-6. Epub 2004 Apr 27. [PubMed:15123683 ]
  16. Bulteau AL, O'Neill HA, Kennedy MC, Ikeda-Saito M, Isaya G, Szweda LI: Frataxin acts as an iron chaperone protein to modulate mitochondrial aconitase activity. Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):242-5. [PubMed:15247478 ]
  17. O'Neill HA, Gakh O, Park S, Cui J, Mooney SM, Sampson M, Ferreira GC, Isaya G: Assembly of human frataxin is a mechanism for detoxifying redox-active iron. Biochemistry. 2005 Jan 18;44(2):537-45. [PubMed:15641778 ]
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  19. Schoenfeld RA, Napoli E, Wong A, Zhan S, Reutenauer L, Morin D, Buckpitt AR, Taroni F, Lonnerdal B, Ristow M, Puccio H, Cortopassi GA: Frataxin deficiency alters heme pathway transcripts and decreases mitochondrial heme metabolites in mammalian cells. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Dec 15;14(24):3787-99. Epub 2005 Oct 20. [PubMed:16239244 ]
  20. Acquaviva F, De Biase I, Nezi L, Ruggiero G, Tatangelo F, Pisano C, Monticelli A, Garbi C, Acquaviva AM, Cocozza S: Extra-mitochondrial localisation of frataxin and its association with IscU1 during enterocyte-like differentiation of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. J Cell Sci. 2005 Sep 1;118(Pt 17):3917-24. Epub 2005 Aug 9. [PubMed:16091420 ]
  21. O'Neill HA, Gakh O, Isaya G: Supramolecular assemblies of human frataxin are formed via subunit-subunit interactions mediated by a non-conserved amino-terminal region. J Mol Biol. 2005 Jan 21;345(3):433-9. [PubMed:15581888 ]
  22. Condo I, Ventura N, Malisan F, Tomassini B, Testi R: A pool of extramitochondrial frataxin that promotes cell survival. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 16;281(24):16750-6. Epub 2006 Apr 11. [PubMed:16608849 ]
  23. Shan Y, Napoli E, Cortopassi G: Mitochondrial frataxin interacts with ISD11 of the NFS1/ISCU complex and multiple mitochondrial chaperones. Hum Mol Genet. 2007 Apr 15;16(8):929-41. Epub 2007 Mar 1. [PubMed:17331979 ]
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