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Showing Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 (HMDBP07713)

IdentificationBiological propertiesGene propertiesProtein propertiesExternal linksReferencesXMLShow 2 metabolites
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP07713
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 13422
Name Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3
Synonyms
  1. Gustducin alpha-3 chain
Gene Name GNAT3
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in signal transducer activity
Specific Function Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP-phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultimately leading to release of neurotransmitter. Indeed, denatonium and strychnine induce transient reduction in cAMP and cGMP in taste tissue, whereas this decrease is inhibited by GNAT3 antibody. Gustducin heterotrimer transduces response to bitter and sweet compounds via regulation of phosphodiesterase for alpha subunit, as well as via activation of phospholipase C for beta and gamma subunits, with ultimate increase inositol trisphosphate and increase of intracellular Calcium. GNAT3 can functionally couple to taste receptors to transmit intracellular signal:receptor heterodimer TAS1R2/TAS1R3 senses sweetness and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 transduces umami taste, whereas the T2R family GPCRs act as bitter sensors. Functions also as lumenal sugar sensors in the gut to control the expression of the Na+-glucose transporter SGLT1 in response to dietaty sugar, as well as the secretion of Glucagon-like peptide- 1, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP. Thus, may modulate the gut capacity to absorb sugars, with implications in malabsorption syndromes and diet-related disorders including diabetes and obesity
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
purine nucleotide binding
binding
nucleotide binding
guanyl nucleotide binding
guanyl ribonucleotide binding
gtp binding
molecular transducer activity
signal transducer activity
Process
biological regulation
regulation of biological process
regulation of cellular process
signal transduction
signaling
signaling pathway
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway
g-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Cellular Location
  1. Cytoplasm
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:7
Locus 7q21.11
SNPs GNAT3
Gene Sequence 
>1065 bp
ATGGGAAGTGGAATTAGTTCAGAGAGCAAGGAGTCAGCCAAAAGATCAAAAGAACTGGAG
AAAAAGCTTCAGGAGGATGCTGAGCGAGATGCAAGAACCGTAAAGCTGCTACTATTAGGA
GCAGGAGAATCTGGGAAAAGTACTATTGTTAAACAAATGAAGATCATCCATAAGAATGGT
TACAGTGAGCAAGAATGCATGGAGTTCAAAGCAGTAATTTACAGTAATACATTGCAATCC
ATCCTAGCTATTGTGAAAGCCATGACTACCCTTGGAATTGATTATGTAAATCCCAGAAGT
GCAGAGGACCAACGACAACTTTATGCAATGGCAAATACCCTGGAAGATGGTGGCATGACA
CCTCAACTGGCTGAGGTAATAAAACGGCTGTGGAGAGATCCAGGAATTCAGGCCTGCTTT
GAAAGGGCATCTGAATATCAGCTCAATGACTCAGCAGCTTACTACCTTAATGATTTAGAT
AGAATAACAGCATCTGGGTATGTGCCAAATGAACAAGATGTTCTCCATTCTCGAGTGAAA
ACGACTGGAATCATTGAAACTCAATTCTCCTTTAAAGACTTGCACTTCAGGATGTTTGAT
GTAGGTGGACAGAGATCTGAGAGAAAGAAGTGGATTCACTGCTTTGAAGGAGTTACATGC
ATTATATTTTGTGCTGCACTTAGTGCCTATGACATGGTCCTCGTGGAAGACGAAGAAGTG
AATAGAATGCATGAAAGCCTTCACCTGTTCAACAGTATCTGTAATCACAAGTATTTTTCA
ACAACCTCCATTGTCCTGTTCCTCAACAAAAAAGATATCTTTCAAGAAAAGGTAACCAAG
GTGCATCTTAGTATCTGCTTTCCAGAATACACTGGGCCAAATACATTTGAAGATGCAGGA
AACTACATCAAGAACCAGTTTCTAGACCTGAATTTAAAAAAAGAAGATAAGGAAATTTAT
TCCCACATGACCTGTGCTACTGACACCCAAAATGTCAAGTTTGTGTTTGACGCAGTTACA
GATATAATAATCAAAGAGAATCTAAAAGACTGTGGGCTTTTCTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 354
Molecular Weight 40356.7
Theoretical pI 5.87
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence 
>Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3
MGSGISSESKESAKRSKELEKKLQEDAERDARTVKLLLLGAGESGKSTIVKQMKIIHKNG
YSEQECMEFKAVIYSNTLQSILAIVKAMTTLGIDYVNPRSAEDQRQLYAMANTLEDGGMT
PQLAEVIKRLWRDPGIQACFERASEYQLNDSAAYYLNDLDRITASGYVPNEQDVLHSRVK
TTGIIETQFSFKDLHFRMFDVGGQRSERKKWIHCFEGVTCIIFCAALSAYDMVLVEDEEV
NRMHESLHLFNSICNHKYFSTTSIVLFLNKKDIFQEKVTKVHLSICFPEYTGPNTFEDAG
NYIKNQFLDLNLKKEDKEIYSHMTCATDTQNVKFVFDAVTDIIIKENLKDCGLF
GenBank ID Protein 156139155
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8MTJ3
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GNAT3_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID NM_001102386.1
GeneCard ID GNAT3
GenAtlas ID GNAT3
HGNC ID HGNC:22800
References
General References
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  4. Takami S, Getchell TV, McLaughlin SK, Margolskee RF, Getchell ML: Human taste cells express the G protein alpha-gustducin and neuron-specific enolase. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Mar;22(1-4):193-203. [PubMed:8015379 ]
  5. Li X, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E: Human receptors for sweet and umami taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4692-6. Epub 2002 Mar 26. [PubMed:11917125 ]
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