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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP12125
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Name Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2
Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
  2. Diglyceride acyltransferase 2
  3. ARAT
  4. Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
Gene Name DGAT2
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Not Available
Specific Function Essential acyltransferase that catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. Required for synthesis and storage of intracellular triglycerides. Probably plays a central role in cytosolic lipid accumulation. In liver, is primarily responsible for incorporating endogenously synthesized fatty acids into triglycerides. Functions also as an acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) (By similarity). Also able to use 1-monoalkylglycerol (1-MAkG) as an acyl acceptor for the synthesis of monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol (MAMAG) (By similarity).
Pathways
  • Fat digestion and absorption
  • Glycerolipid metabolism
  • triacylglycerol biosynthesis
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Biological Process
glycerol metabolic process
diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
lipid storage
regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
cellular response to oleic acid
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
fatty acid homeostasis
bile acid signaling pathway
monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis
regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels
diacylglycerol metabolic process
cellular triglyceride homeostasis
positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
fat pad development
low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
cholesterol homeostasis
triglyceride biosynthetic process
lipid metabolic process
negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation
regulation of cholesterol metabolic process
Cellular Component
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
cytosol
endoplasmic reticulum
integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane
lipid particle
membrane
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
integral to membrane
Molecular Function
O-acyltransferase activity
protein homodimerization activity
2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Not Available
Locus Not Available
SNPs Not Available
Gene Sequence Not Available
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 388
Molecular Weight 43769.395
Theoretical pI 9.482
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
  • 70-88;93-112;
Protein Sequence Not Available
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9DCV3
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DGAT2_MOUSE
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID Not Available
GeneCard ID Not Available
GenAtlas ID Not Available
HGNC ID Not Available
References
General References
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  2. Carninci P, Kasukawa T, Katayama S, Gough J, Frith MC, Maeda N, Oyama R, Ravasi T, Lenhard B, Wells C, Kodzius R, Shimokawa K, Bajic VB, Brenner SE, Batalov S, Forrest AR, Zavolan M, Davis MJ, Wilming LG, Aidinis V, Allen JE, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Apweiler R, Aturaliya RN, Bailey TL, Bansal M, Baxter L, Beisel KW, Bersano T, Bono H, Chalk AM, Chiu KP, Choudhary V, Christoffels A, Clutterbuck DR, Crowe ML, Dalla E, Dalrymple BP, de Bono B, Della Gatta G, di Bernardo D, Down T, Engstrom P, Fagiolini M, Faulkner G, Fletcher CF, Fukushima T, Furuno M, Futaki S, Gariboldi M, Georgii-Hemming P, Gingeras TR, Gojobori T, Green RE, Gustincich S, Harbers M, Hayashi Y, Hensch TK, Hirokawa N, Hill D, Huminiecki L, Iacono M, Ikeo K, Iwama A, Ishikawa T, Jakt M, Kanapin A, Katoh M, Kawasawa Y, Kelso J, Kitamura H, Kitano H, Kollias G, Krishnan SP, Kruger A, Kummerfeld SK, Kurochkin IV, Lareau LF, Lazarevic D, Lipovich L, Liu J, Liuni S, McWilliam S, Madan Babu M, Madera M, Marchionni L, Matsuda H, Matsuzawa S, Miki H, Mignone F, Miyake S, Morris K, Mottagui-Tabar S, Mulder N, Nakano N, Nakauchi H, Ng P, Nilsson R, Nishiguchi S, Nishikawa S, Nori F, Ohara O, Okazaki Y, Orlando V, Pang KC, Pavan WJ, Pavesi G, Pesole G, Petrovsky N, Piazza S, Reed J, Reid JF, Ring BZ, Ringwald M, Rost B, Ruan Y, Salzberg SL, Sandelin A, Schneider C, Schonbach C, Sekiguchi K, Semple CA, Seno S, Sessa L, Sheng Y, Shibata Y, Shimada H, Shimada K, Silva D, Sinclair B, Sperling S, Stupka E, Sugiura K, Sultana R, Takenaka Y, Taki K, Tammoja K, Tan SL, Tang S, Taylor MS, Tegner J, Teichmann SA, Ueda HR, van Nimwegen E, Verardo R, Wei CL, Yagi K, Yamanishi H, Zabarovsky E, Zhu S, Zimmer A, Hide W, Bult C, Grimmond SM, Teasdale RD, Liu ET, Brusic V, Quackenbush J, Wahlestedt C, Mattick JS, Hume DA, Kai C, Sasaki D, Tomaru Y, Fukuda S, Kanamori-Katayama M, Suzuki M, Aoki J, Arakawa T, Iida J, Imamura K, Itoh M, Kato T, Kawaji H, Kawagashira N, Kawashima T, Kojima M, Kondo S, Konno H, Nakano K, Ninomiya N, Nishio T, Okada M, Plessy C, Shibata K, Shiraki T, Suzuki S, Tagami M, Waki K, Watahiki A, Okamura-Oho Y, Suzuki H, Kawai J, Hayashizaki Y: The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1559-63. [PubMed:16141072 ]
  3. Cases S, Stone SJ, Zhou P, Yen E, Tow B, Lardizabal KD, Voelker T, Farese RV Jr: Cloning of DGAT2, a second mammalian diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and related family members. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 19;276(42):38870-6. Epub 2001 Jul 31. [PubMed:11481335 ]
  4. Wakimoto K, Chiba H, Michibata H, Seishima M, Kawasaki S, Okubo K, Mitsui H, Torii H, Imai Y: A novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2) is decreased in human psoriatic skin and increased in diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 17;310(2):296-302. [PubMed:14521909 ]
  5. Yen CL, Brown CH 4th, Monetti M, Farese RV Jr: A human skin multifunctional O-acyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of acylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov;46(11):2388-97. Epub 2005 Aug 16. [PubMed:16106050 ]
  6. Meegalla RL, Billheimer JT, Cheng D: Concerted elevation of acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity through independent stimulation of mRNA expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 by carbohydrate and insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Nov 1;298(3):317-23. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02466-x. [PubMed:12413942 ]
  7. Stone SJ, Myers HM, Watkins SM, Brown BE, Feingold KR, Elias PM, Farese RV Jr: Lipopenia and skin barrier abnormalities in DGAT2-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 19;279(12):11767-76. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M311000200. Epub 2003 Dec 10. [PubMed:14668353 ]
  8. Ganji SH, Tavintharan S, Zhu D, Xing Y, Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML: Niacin noncompetitively inhibits DGAT2 but not DGAT1 activity in HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2004 Oct;45(10):1835-45. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M300403-JLR200. Epub 2004 Jul 16. [PubMed:15258194 ]
  9. Yu XX, Murray SF, Pandey SK, Booten SL, Bao D, Song XZ, Kelly S, Chen S, McKay R, Monia BP, Bhanot S: Antisense oligonucleotide reduction of DGAT2 expression improves hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in obese mice. Hepatology. 2005 Aug;42(2):362-71. doi: 10.1002/hep.20783. [PubMed:16001399 ]
  10. Yamazaki T, Sasaki E, Kakinuma C, Yano T, Miura S, Ezaki O: Increased very low density lipoprotein secretion and gonadal fat mass in mice overexpressing liver DGAT1. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 3;280(22):21506-14. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M412989200. Epub 2005 Mar 29. [PubMed:15797871 ]
  11. Yen CL, Monetti M, Burri BJ, Farese RV Jr: The triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT1 also catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters. J Lipid Res. 2005 Jul;46(7):1502-11. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M500036-JLR200. Epub 2005 Apr 16. [PubMed:15834126 ]
  12. Stone SJ, Levin MC, Farese RV Jr: Membrane topology and identification of key functional amino acid residues of murine acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 29;281(52):40273-82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M607986200. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17035227 ]
  13. McFie PJ, Banman SL, Kary S, Stone SJ: Murine diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2) can catalyze triacylglycerol synthesis and promote lipid droplet formation independent of its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 12;286(32):28235-46. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.256008. Epub 2011 Jun 16. [PubMed:21680734 ]
  14. Eichmann TO, Kumari M, Haas JT, Farese RV Jr, Zimmermann R, Lass A, Zechner R: Studies on the substrate and stereo/regioselectivity of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferases. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 30;287(49):41446-57. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.400416. Epub 2012 Oct 12. [PubMed:23066022 ]
  15. Qi J, Lang W, Geisler JG, Wang P, Petrounia I, Mai S, Smith C, Askari H, Struble GT, Williams R, Bhanot S, Monia BP, Bayoumy S, Grant E, Caldwell GW, Todd MJ, Liang Y, Gaul MD, Demarest KT, Connelly MA: The use of stable isotope-labeled glycerol and oleic acid to differentiate the hepatic functions of DGAT1 and -2. J Lipid Res. 2012 Jun;53(6):1106-16. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M020156. Epub 2012 Apr 3. [PubMed:22493088 ]