Accession NumberHMDB06218
Common_Namecis-9-retinal
DescriptionIn vivo, 9-cis-RA is formed through oxidation of 9-cis-retinol by cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH). (PMID: 15572038) Retinoids are micronutrients required to maintain and promote health of vertebrates. They act physiologically by participating in the visual cycle, in regulating cell differentiation, in embryonic development (PMID: 10893430), in maintaining normal reproduction, and in the immune response (PMID: 8882153). In non-ocular tissues, the effects of retinoids within the body are mediated through retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which act to regulate gene expression as ligand-dependent transcription factors. The naturally occurring ligands for these nuclear receptors are thought to be all-trans-retinoic acid for RARs and 9-cis-retinoic acid for RXRs (PMID: 10322133). While many details of the molecular actions of the RARs and RXRs in regulating gene transcription are understood (PMID: 10418975), tissue-specific synthetic pathway(s) of their ligands has not been adequately defined. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of retinoids, including 9-cis-retinoic acid, is well established in both tissue culture and animal models of breast cancer (PMID: 8825126, PMID: 12743994)
Chemical_IUPAC_Name(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal
Chemical FormulaC20H28O
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