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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:18:13 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014581
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14581
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAllopurinol
DescriptionAllopurinol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. [PubChem]Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Elevated concentrations of oxypurine and oxypurine inhibition of xanthine oxidase through negative feedback results in a decrease in the concentrations of uric acid in the serum and urine. Allopurinol also facilitates the incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA, leading to a feedback inhibition of de novo purin synthesis and a decrease in serum uric acid concentrations as a result of an increase in nucleotide concentration.
Structure
Data?1676999893
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidin-4-oneChEBI
1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidine-4-oneChEBI
1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidin-4-olChEBI
4'-Hydroxypyrazolol(3,4-D)pyrimidineChEBI
4-HPPChEBI
4-Hydroxy-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidineChEBI
4-Hydroxy-3,4-pyrazolopyrimidineChEBI
4-Hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidineChEBI
4-HydroxypyrazolopyrimidineChEBI
4-Hydroxypyrazolyl(3,4-D)pyrimidineChEBI
4H-Pyrazolo(3,4-D)pyrimidin-4-oneChEBI
AL-100ChEBI
AllopurinolumChEBI
AlopurinolChEBI
ZyloprimChEBI
Allopurinol alphapharm brandHMDB
Allopurinol basf brandHMDB
Allopurinol merz brandHMDB
Allopurinol pharmafarm brandHMDB
Allopurinol roche brandHMDB
Allopurinol tad brandHMDB
Allopurinol thiemann brandHMDB
Allopurinol wellcome brandHMDB
Ashbourne brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Boots brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Fawns and mcallan brand OF allopurinolHMDB
FoliganHMDB
HamarinHMDB
Hennig brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Horner brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Jenapharm brand OF allopurinolHMDB
MiluritHMDB
MiluriteHMDB
Quimica, panHMDB
RemidHMDB
Rima brand OF allopurinolHMDB
RimapurinolHMDB
Rougier brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Thiemann brand OF allopurinolHMDB
UrtiasHMDB
XanturicHMDB
AllohexanHMDB
Allopurinol horner brandHMDB
Allopurinol merckle brandHMDB
Allopurinol multipharma brandHMDB
Allopurinol nicholas brandHMDB
Allopurinol novopharm brandHMDB
Allopurinol r.a.n. brandHMDB
Allopurinol rima brandHMDB
AlluralHMDB
Amrad brand OF allopurinolHMDB
AtisurilHMDB
Clonmel brand OF allopurinolHMDB
EmbarinHMDB
Glaxo wellcome brand OF allopurinolHMDB
ICN brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Merz brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Multipharma brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Nicholas brand OF allopurinolHMDB
PurinolHMDB
Rhône-poulenc rorer brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Rosen brand OF allopurinolHMDB
SuspendolHMDB
TAD brand OF allopurinolHMDB
TipuricHMDB
UripurinolHMDB
Wellcome brand OF allopurinolHMDB
XanthomaxHMDB
APS brand OF allopurinolHMDB
AlloprinHMDB
Allopurinol ashbourne brandHMDB
Allopurinol clonmel brandHMDB
Allopurinol douglas brandHMDB
Allopurinol hennig brandHMDB
Allopurinol hexal brandHMDB
Allopurinol rosen brandHMDB
Allopurinol gepepharm brandHMDB
AllparginHMDB
Alphapharm brand OF allopurinolHMDB
ApulongaHMDB
ApurinHMDB
BASF brand OF allopurinolHMDB
BleminolHMDB
Boehringer mannheim brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Byk gulden brand OF allopurinolHMDB
CapurateHMDB
Dorsch brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Douglas brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Hexal brand OF allopurinolHMDB
JenapurinolHMDB
Merckle brand OF allopurinolHMDB
NovopurolHMDB
Pan quimicaHMDB
PureductHMDB
Rhône poulenc rorer brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Roche brand OF allopurinolHMDB
RoucolHMDB
UrosinHMDB
Gepepharm brand OF allopurinolHMDB
AllohexalHMDB
AllopurinHMDB
Allopurinol aps brandHMDB
Allopurinol amrad brandHMDB
Allopurinol azupharma brandHMDB
Allopurinol bicther brandHMDB
Allopurinol boots brandHMDB
Allopurinol dorsch brandHMDB
Allopurinol icn brandHMDB
Allopurinol jenapharm brandHMDB
Allopurinol pinewood brandHMDB
Allopurinol protea brandHMDB
Allopurinol rougier brandHMDB
AllorinHMDB
Azupharma brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Bicther brand OF allopurinolHMDB
CaplenalHMDB
CellidrinHMDB
Henning berlin brand OF allopurinolHMDB
LopurinHMDB
LysuronHMDB
Novopharm brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Pharmafarm brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Pinewood brand OF allopurinolHMDB
ProgoutHMDB
Protea brand OF allopurinolHMDB
R.A.N. brand OF allopurinolHMDB
Reig jofre brand OF allopurinolHMDB
UribenzHMDB
UridocidHMDB
ZygoutHMDB
ZyloricHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H4N4O
Average Molecular Weight136.1115
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight136.03851077
IUPAC Name1H,2H,4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
Traditional NameALLO
CAS Registry Number315-30-0
SMILES
O=C1N=CN=C2NNC=C12
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-1-8-9-4(3)6-2-7-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)
InChI KeyOFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ring system, which consists of a pyrazole ring fused to but and not sharing a nitrogen atom with a pyrimidine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyrazolopyrimidines
Sub ClassPyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
Direct ParentPyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrimidine
  • Azole
  • Pyrazole
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point350 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility5.88 g/LNot Available
LogP-1Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility5.88 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.7ALOGPS
logP-1.8ChemAxon
logS-1.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.83ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)2.57ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area65.85 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity54.24 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+126.12531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-122.37231661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-159.13930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+134.04130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+128.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+123.332859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+132.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+134.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-121.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-122.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-124.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AllopurinolO=C1N=CN=C2NNC=C122169.2Standard polar33892256
AllopurinolO=C1N=CN=C2NNC=C12959.6Standard non polar33892256
AllopurinolO=C1N=CN=C2NNC=C121941.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O1546.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O1797.2Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O2508.0Standard polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]11690.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]11877.1Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]12483.7Standard polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C1770.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C1990.4Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C2344.1Standard polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O1851.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O2008.7Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1[NH]C=C2C1=NC=NC2=O2538.8Standard polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]11964.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]12075.1Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)[NH]12557.1Standard polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2171.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2397.8Standard non polar33892256
Allopurinol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2393.4Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Allopurinol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0550-8900000000-225d53e43d6b82e006bf2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Allopurinol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-000i-7900000000-f5a7601a354a9d25428f2014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-4900000000-5d6d365d7525c7325e012017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-4900000000-ea448e075f973faea5ec2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-000l-8900000000-98d308813f954ccc66e02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9300000000-a0c962d1b7e8e76fd5262017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-d692c85314f5809e47582017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-01ox-9000000000-2662f35a8efe21c519582017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-4f38b316b66733e5ca8b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-547b3dac7e9b0d01ef662017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-43ea9e7d5a0f94da482f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-1900000000-fee6f9103fdd4cb1b6ed2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-01p9-1900000000-eb9ece2b9b724a6af4832017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03dr-2900000000-85aef327ef1281780d052017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 90V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ox-9000000000-06c0452042d1533a15b92021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 75V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-11cfb21dda6f6d415de02021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 45V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000l-8900000000-fe81b51b6b51c24c773c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 60V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9300000000-fa9960ae057885ac40682021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 75V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01p9-1900000000-5d1b0178a6ae7719b3252021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 60V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-9a825177a0acbf8927332021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 90V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dr-2900000000-906c0f13426783f2ef862021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-1eb7584dbb0630e490042016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-1900000000-4e5cd23deb565d2f87e02016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-07wc-9200000000-214c548ad4d15f5bfbf42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-b7681f9e17751c711d372016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-2900000000-a7c487c6207a07bf29032016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Allopurinol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-af7211d0cc75dda0b0052016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00437 details
UrineDetected and Quantified18-23 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00437 details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
UrineDetected and Quantified630 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothMolybdenum cofactor deficiency details
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
  1. Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48. [PubMed:10102915 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00437
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2010
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAllopurinol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2094
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID40279
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDALLOP
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Suzuki I, Yamauchi T, Onuma M, Nozaki S: Allopurinol, an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis--can it be used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders? Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 May;45(5):363-78. doi: 10.1358/dot.2009.45.5.1370460. [PubMed:19584965 ]
  2. George J, Struthers AD: Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):265-72. Epub 2009 Apr 8. [PubMed:19436671 ]
  3. Terkeltaub R: Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Jan;6(1):30-8. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.236. [PubMed:20046204 ]
  4. Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C: Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114. [PubMed:16507884 ]
  5. Schlesinger N: Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians. Postgrad Med. 2010 Mar;122(2):157-61. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2133. [PubMed:20203467 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AOX1
Uniprot ID:
Q06278
Molecular weight:
147916.735
References
  1. Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Nasako Y, Takahashi S, Suda M, Hiroishi K, Hada T, Higashino K: In vitro oxidation of pyrazinamide and allopurinol by rat liver aldehyde oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Sep 14;46(6):975-81. [PubMed:8216357 ]
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).
Gene Name:
XDH
Uniprot ID:
P47989
Molecular weight:
146422.99
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Suzuki I, Yamauchi T, Onuma M, Nozaki S: Allopurinol, an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis--can it be used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders? Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 May;45(5):363-78. doi: 10.1358/dot.2009.45.5.1370460. [PubMed:19584965 ]
  3. Carro MD, Falkenstein E, Radke WJ, Klandorf H: Effects of allopurinol on uric acid concentrations, xanthine oxidoreductase activity and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;151(1):12-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Aug 3. [PubMed:19654053 ]
  4. George J, Struthers AD: Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):265-72. Epub 2009 Apr 8. [PubMed:19436671 ]
  5. Higgins P, Dawson J, Walters M: The potential for xanthine oxidase inhibition in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2009;2009:282059. doi: 10.1155/2009/282059. Epub 2009 Nov 4. [PubMed:20029618 ]
  6. Dincer HE, Dincer AP, Levinson DJ: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: to treat or not to treat. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002 Aug;69(8):594, 597, 600-2 passim. [PubMed:12184468 ]
  7. Kelley WN, Wyngaarden JB: Effects of allopurinol and oxipurinol on purine synthesis in cultured human cells. J Clin Invest. 1970 Mar;49(3):602-9. [PubMed:5415686 ]
  8. Okamoto K: [Inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase]. Nihon Rinsho. 2008 Apr;66(4):748-53. [PubMed:18409526 ]
  9. Taha MO, Simoes MJ, Noguerol EC, Mendonca FP, Pascoalick HM, Alves RA, Vivian ME, Morales FP, Campos AC, Magalhaes KG, Venerando PS, Tersariol IL, Monteiro HP, Oliveira-Junior IS, Jurkiewicz A, Caricati-Neto A: Effects of allopurinol on ischemia and reperfusion in rabbit livers. Transplant Proc. 2009 Apr;41(3):820-3. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.02.051. [PubMed:19376361 ]
  10. Terkeltaub R: Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Jan;6(1):30-8. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.236. [PubMed:20046204 ]
  11. Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C: Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114. [PubMed:16507884 ]
  12. Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Nasako Y, Takahashi S, Suda M, Hiroishi K, Hada T, Higashino K: In vitro oxidation of pyrazinamide and allopurinol by rat liver aldehyde oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Sep 14;46(6):975-81. [PubMed:8216357 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, allopurinol, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, L-ascorbic acid, salicylate, ethotrexate, and alpha- ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y694
Molecular weight:
60025.0
References
  1. Kobayashi Y, Ohshiro N, Shibusawa A, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Sekine T, Endou H, Yamamoto T: Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):7-14. [PubMed:12065749 ]