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Showing metabocard for Hydroxypropionic acid (HMDB0000700)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:04 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000700
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00700
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHydroxypropionic acid
Description3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid. It is an intermediate in the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids and propionic acid from the gut. Typically it originates from propionyl-CoA and a defect in the enzyme propionyl carboxylase. This leads to a buildup in propionyl-CoA in the mitochondria.  Such a buildup can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these metabolic end products occurs via the transfer of the propionyl moiety to carnitine-forming propionyl-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is then released as the free acid. As an industrial chemical, it is used in the production of various chemicals such as acrylates in industry. When present in sufficiently high levels, 3-hydroxypropionic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with many inborn errors of metabolism including biotinidase deficiency, malonic aciduria, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Infants with acidosis have symptoms that include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is also a microbial metabolite found in Escherichia, Klebsiella and Saccharomyces (PMID: 26360870 ).
Structure
Data?1676999704
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)


  Mrv1652305271900162D          

  6  5  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10000.0136 9999.3862    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.2987 9999.7980    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.5838 9999.3862    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.298710000.6237    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.7283 9999.7980    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.4461 9999.3862    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

HMDB0000700
     RDKit          3D
Hydroxypropionic acid
 12 11  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.5702    0.0339   -1.6672 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2008   -0.2378   -0.4961 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1391    0.0333    0.5222 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1114   -0.7902   -0.1803 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0042    0.1471    0.5875 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2763    1.3280   -0.0447 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2003    1.0494    0.7465 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0110   -1.7281    0.3670 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6541   -0.9701   -1.1489 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6298    0.3205    1.6254 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9929   -0.3961    0.6939 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4305    1.2101   -1.0054 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  4  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  5 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  6 12  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)


  Mrv1652305271900162D          

  6  5  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10000.0136 9999.3862    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.2987 9999.7980    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.5838 9999.3862    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.298710000.6237    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.7283 9999.7980    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.4461 9999.3862    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000700

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OCCC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)

> <INCHI_KEY>
ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C3H6O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
90.0779

> <EXACT_MASS>
90.031694058

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
12

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
8.150999882309067

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-hydroxypropanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.95

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.8035810240000001

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.86

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
16.02280713040642

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.201252954149806

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.477742482637333

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
57.53

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
19.0453

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
6.47e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
hydroxypropionic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

HMDB0000700
     RDKit          3D
Hydroxypropionic acid
 12 11  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.5702    0.0339   -1.6672 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2008   -0.2378   -0.4961 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1391    0.0333    0.5222 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1114   -0.7902   -0.1803 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0042    0.1471    0.5875 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2763    1.3280   -0.0447 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2003    1.0494    0.7465 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0110   -1.7281    0.3670 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6541   -0.9701   -1.1489 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6298    0.3205    1.6254 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9929   -0.3961    0.6939 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4305    1.2101   -1.0054 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  4  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  5 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  6 12  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8666.6928665.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8665.3588666.290   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0    8664.0238665.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0    8665.3588667.831   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0    8668.0268666.290   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0    8669.3668665.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    5                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2                                                            
CONECT    5    1    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    6    0   10    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000700
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1       1.570   0.034  -1.667  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       1.201  -0.238  -0.496  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O2  UNL     1       2.139   0.033   0.522  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1      -0.111  -0.790  -0.180  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1      -1.004   0.147   0.588  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O3  UNL     1      -1.276   1.328  -0.045  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  H1  UNL     1       2.200   1.049   0.746  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H2  UNL     1      -0.011  -1.728   0.367  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H3  UNL     1      -0.654  -0.970  -1.149  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H4  UNL     1      -0.630   0.321   1.625  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H5  UNL     1      -1.993  -0.396   0.694  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H6  UNL     1      -1.430   1.210  -1.005  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3    7
CONECT    4    5    8    9
CONECT    5    6   10   11
CONECT    6   12
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

OCCC(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000700 (Hydroxypropionic acid)

InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
3-HYDROXY-propanoIC ACIDChEBI
3-Hydroxypropanoic acidChEBI
beta-Hydroxypropionic acidChEBI
Hydracrylic acidChEBI
3-HydroxypropionateKegg
3-Hydroxypropionic acidKegg
3-HYDROXY-propanoateGenerator
3-HydroxypropanoateGenerator
b-HydroxypropionateGenerator
b-Hydroxypropionic acidGenerator
beta-HydroxypropionateGenerator
Β-hydroxypropionateGenerator
Β-hydroxypropionic acidGenerator
HydracrylateGenerator
HydroxypropionateGenerator
2-DeoxyglycerateHMDB
2-Deoxyglyceric acidHMDB
b-LactateHMDB
b-Lactic acidHMDB
beta-LactateHMDB
beta-Lactic acidHMDB
EthylenelactateHMDB
Ethylenelactic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC3H6O3
Average Molecular Weight90.0779
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight90.031694058
IUPAC Name3-hydroxypropanoic acid
Traditional Namehydroxypropionic acid
CAS Registry Number503-66-2
SMILES
OCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)
InChI KeyALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassHydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub ClassBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct ParentBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point< 25 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility647 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.95ALOGPS
logP-0.8ChemAxon
logS0.86ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.2ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity19.05 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.15 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+115.33331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-109.39731661259
AllCCS[M+H]+124.35532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.0332859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+132.31930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-129.52130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-166.12530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+140.54130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+124.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+120.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+128.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+129.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-129.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-134.732859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.1.33 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20228.7119 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20225.11 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid257.5 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid665.4 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid343.3 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid67.6 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid238.3 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid71.6 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid262.9 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid250.1 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)476.1 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid568.9 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid47.5 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid770.2 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid215.5 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid265.3 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate680.5 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA301.4 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water343.2 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Hydroxypropionic acidOCCC(O)=O2144.9Standard polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acidOCCC(O)=O912.7Standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acidOCCC(O)=O963.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Hydroxypropionic acid,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OCCC(=O)O1077.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acid,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCO992.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1155.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCC(=O)O1314.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCO1220.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Hydroxypropionic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1567.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified2.3 (0.0-4.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified3 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified6-8 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.4 +/- 4.4 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not AvailableNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.3-5.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.1-4.0 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.0-4.0 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Female
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified2-4 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.5-4.0 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Female
Normal		 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<30 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified11.2 (3.4-33.6) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.4-6.6 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<15.8 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified52.003 +/- 19.151 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.1 (3.1-11.8) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified12.3 (4.4-17.9) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.1 (1.5-26.1) umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.3 (2.3-18.3) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified13.8 (0.1-48.0) umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
gastric cancer		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified1 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleBranched-chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified0 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleBranched-chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.5 (3.0-10.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothBiotinidase deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified260.0 (20.0-500.0) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothBiotinidase deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified51.302 +/- 25.775 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified73.827 +/- 94.707 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified25 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Propionic acidemia		 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Bladder cancer		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Stomach cancer
  1. Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20. [PubMed:21773981 ]
Branched-chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency
  1. Novarino G, El-Fishawy P, Kayserili H, Meguid NA, Scott EM, Schroth J, Silhavy JL, Kara M, Khalil RO, Ben-Omran T, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Hashish AF, Sanders SJ, Gupta AR, Hashem HS, Matern D, Gabriel S, Sweetman L, Rahimi Y, Harris RA, State MW, Gleeson JG: Mutations in BCKD-kinase lead to a potentially treatable form of autism with epilepsy. Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1224631. Epub 2012 Sep 6. [PubMed:22956686 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Biotinidase deficiency
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Propionic acidemia
  1. Riemersma M, Hazebroek MR, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Salomons GS, Ferdinandusse S, Brouwers MCGJ, van der Ploeg L, Heymans S, Glatz JFC, van den Wijngaard A, Krapels IPC, Bierau J, Brunner HG: Propionic acidemia as a cause of adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017 Nov;25(11):1195-1201. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.127. Epub 2017 Aug 30. [PubMed:28853722 ]
  2. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 137215 (Stomach cancer)
  • 614923 (Branched-chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency)
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 253260 (Biotinidase deficiency)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 606054 (Propionic acidemia)
DrugBank IDDB03688
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022189
KNApSAcK IDC00052684
Chemspider ID61460
KEGG Compound IDC01013
BioCyc ID3-HYDROXY-PROPIONATE
BiGG ID53188
Wikipedia LinkHydroxypropanoic acid
METLIN ID5668
PubChem Compound68152
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID33404
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID3HPP
MarkerDB IDMDB00000226
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceSuthers, Patrick F.; Cameron, Douglas C. Production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid in recombinant organisms. PCT Int. Appl. (2001), 63 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
  2. Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed:8412012 ]
  3. Brown GK, Cromby CH, Manning NJ, Pollitt RJ: Urinary organic acids in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: evidence of alpha-oxidation of 4-hydroxybutyric acid, interaction of succinic semialdehyde with pyruvate dehydrogenase and possible secondary inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10(4):367-75. [PubMed:3126356 ]
  4. Pollitt RJ, Fowler B, Sardharwalla IB, Edwards MA, Gray RG: Increased excretion of propan-1,3-diol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid apparently caused by abnormal bacterial metabolism in the gut. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Nov 16;169(2-3):151-7. [PubMed:3427776 ]
  5. Sweetman L, Bates SP, Hull D, Nyhan WL: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in a patient with biotin-responsive 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria. Pediatr Res. 1977 Nov;11(11):1144-7. [PubMed:917614 ]
  6. Becker J, Lange A, Fabarius J, Wittmann C: Top value platform chemicals: bio-based production of organic acids. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015 Dec;36:168-75. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.08.022. Epub 2015 Sep 8. [PubMed:26360870 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism. Also hydrolyzes 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
HIBCH
Uniprot ID:
Q6NVY1
Molecular weight:
43481.935
Reactions
3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA + Phosphate + ADP → Hydroxypropionic acid + Coenzyme A + Adenosine triphosphatedetails
Hydroxypropionic acid + Coenzyme A → 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA + Waterdetails