| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:15:11 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000807 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid |
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| Description | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid, also known as 3PG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. 3PG is the conjugate acid of glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). It is a solid that is soluble in water. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. The glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. This is the first compound formed during the C3 or Calvin cycle. Glycerate 3-phosphate is also a precursor for serine, which, in turn, can create cysteine and glycine through the homocysteine cycle. Within humans, 3-phosphoglyceric acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3-phosphoglyceric acid can be biosynthesized from glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate, which is mediated by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1. In addition, 3PG can be converted into 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid, which is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 2. 3-phosphoglyceric acid is involved in the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis), a metabolic shift that is a hallmark of cancer (PMID: 29362480 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 3-(Dihydrogen phosphate)glycerate | ChEBI | | 3-(Dihydrogen phosphate)glyceric acid | ChEBI | | 3-Phosphoglycerate | ChEBI | | DL-Glycerate 3-phosphate | ChEBI | | Glycerate 3-phosphate | ChEBI | | Glycerate 3-phosphates | ChEBI | | Glyceric acid 3-phosphate | ChEBI | | 3-(Dihydrogen phosphoric acid)glyceric acid | Generator | | DL-Glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid | Generator | | Glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid | Generator | | Glyceric acid 3-phosphates | Generator | | 3-Glycerophosphorate | HMDB | | 3-Glycerophosphoric acid | HMDB | | 3-p-D-Glycerate | HMDB | | 3-p-Glycerate | HMDB | | 3-PG | HMDB | | 3-PGA | HMDB | | 3-Phospho-(R)-glycerate | HMDB | | 3-Phospho-D-glycerate | HMDB | | 3-Phospho-glycerate | HMDB | | 3-Phospho-glyceric acid | HMDB | | D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid | HMDB | | D-Glycerate 3-phosphate | HMDB | | G3P | HMDB | | Glycerate-3-p | HMDB | | Phosphoglycerate | HMDB | | 3-Phosphoglycerate, trisodium salt | HMDB | | 3-Phosphoglycerate, (R)-isomer | HMDB | | 3-Phosphoglycerate, monosodium salt | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C3H7O7P |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 186.0572 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 185.99293909 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | phosphoglycerate |
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| CAS Registry Number | 820-11-1 |
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| SMILES | OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) |
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| InChI Key | OSJPPGNTCRNQQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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| Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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| Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Sugar acids and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Glyceric_acid
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Monosaccharide
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Alkyl phosphate
- Secondary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Naturally occurring processBiological processBiochemical pathwayDisease pathway- Glycogenosis, Type IB (HMDB: HMDB0000807)
- Sarcosinemia (PathBank: SMP0120521)
- Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori Disease, Debrancher Glycogenosis (PathBank: SMP0120617)
- Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120626)
- Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120636)
- Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD) (PathBank: SMP0120694)
- Glycogenosis, Type VII. Tarui Disease (PathBank: SMP0120815)
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Sly Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120839)
- Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120840)
- Glycogenosis, Type IC (PathBank: SMP0120857)
- Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von Gierke Disease (PathBank: SMP0120864)
- Glycerol Kinase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120486)
- Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia (PathBank: SMP0120534)
- D-Glyceric Acidura (PathBank: SMP0120594)
- Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120616)
- Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers Disease (PathBank: SMP0120838)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1) (PathBank: SMP0120843)
- Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120846)
- 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120872)
- Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease (PathBank: SMP0120488)
- Glycogenosis, Type IB (PathBank: SMP0120637)
- Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120695)
- Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic (PathBank: SMP0120770)
- Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson Disease (PathBank: SMP0120837)
Metabolic pathway- Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120595)
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 1.87 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.4482 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 8.97 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 439.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 488.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 348.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 33.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 226.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 106.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 305.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 219.7 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 851.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 592.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 42.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 667.3 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 215.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 361.9 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 782.3 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 391.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 501.1 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O)O)C(=O)O | 1733.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O)O | 1699.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O)OCC(O)C(=O)O | 1720.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1738.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1773.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1715.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TMS,isomer #4 | C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(OCC(O)C(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1764.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1778.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1756.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2134.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1803.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1791.5 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2004.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1754.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1746.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1947.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1833.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1819.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1902.5 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O)O)C(=O)O | 1959.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O)O | 1927.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O)OCC(O)C(=O)O | 1953.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2126.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2153.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2124.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #4 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(OCC(O)C(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2174.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2349.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2389.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2438.1 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2376.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2347.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2335.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2366.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2367.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(O)COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2293.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2587.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2530.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2336.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| Disease References | | Alzheimer's disease |
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- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
| | Frontotemporal dementia |
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- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
| | Lewy body disease |
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- Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
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- Sun Q, Li S, Wang Y, Peng H, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Li C, Li L, Chen R, Chen X, Bai W, Jiang X, Liu L, Wei F, Wang B, Zhang Y, Li H, Ren X, Zhang H: Phosphoglyceric acid mutase-1 contributes to oncogenic mTOR-mediated tumor growth and confers non-small cell lung cancer patients with poor prognosis. Cell Death Differ. 2018 Jun;25(6):1160-1173. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0034-y. Epub 2018 Jan 23. [PubMed:29362480 ]
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