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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 14:57:50 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001192
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01192
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDiadenosine pentaphosphate
DescriptionDiadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system. AP5A in nanomolar concentrations is found to significantly stimulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. AP5A is a P2X agonist. The activation of nucleotide ion tropic receptors increases intracellular calcium concentration, resulting in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. AP5A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP5A have been identified in human platelets and shown to be important modulator of cardiovascular function. AP5A is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon nerve terminal depolarization. At the extracellular level, AP5A can stimulate presynaptic dinucleotide receptors. Responses to AP5A have been described in isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) from several brain areas in different animal species, including man. Dinucleotide receptors are ligand-operated ion channels that allow the influx of cations into the terminals. These cations reach a threshold for N- and P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, which become activated. The activation of the dinucleotide receptor together with the activation of these calcium channels triggers the release of neurotransmitters. The ability of Ap5A to promote glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine release has been described. (PMID: 11212966 , 12738682 , 11810214 , 9607303 , 8922753 , 10094777 , 16401072 , 16819989 , 17721817 , 17361116 , 14502438 ).
Structure
Data?1582752183
Synonyms
ValueSource
Diadenosine pentaphosphoric acidGenerator
Bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphateHMDB
Bis(adenosine)-5'-pentaphosphateHMDB
P1,P5-Bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphateHMDB
Ap5aMeSH, HMDB
P(1),P(5)-Bis(5'-adenosyl)pentaphosphateMeSH, HMDB
P(1),P(5)-Di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphateMeSH, HMDB
({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)({[({[(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinateGenerator, HMDB
Diadenosine pentaphosphateMeSH
Chemical FormulaC20H29N10O22P5
Average Molecular Weight916.3669
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight916.014595222
IUPAC Name{[(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}[({[({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphinic acid
Traditional Name[(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid
CAS Registry Number41708-91-2
SMILES
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2OC([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H29N10O22P5/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(47-19)1-45-53(35,36)49-55(39,40)51-57(43,44)52-56(41,42)50-54(37,38)46-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(48-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)/t7-,8?,11-,12-,13-,14-,19?,20-/m1/s1
InChI KeyOIMACDRJUANHTJ-OEOQABFDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
Class(5'->5')-dinucleotides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct Parent(5'->5')-dinucleotides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • (5'->5')-dinucleotide
  • Purine ribonucleoside polyphosphate
  • Purine nucleotide sugar
  • Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Purine
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Pyrimidine
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Imidolactam
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Amine
  • Primary amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.92 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.2ALOGPS
logP-11ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.42ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count24ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count11ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area480.5 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count16ChemAxon
Refractivity176.98 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability70.64 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+249.74732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-250.17332859911
DeepCCS[M-2H]-254.38630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+228.16230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+249.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+250.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+249.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+249.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-250.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-253.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-256.832859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.2.99 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202211.9362 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20229.6 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid679.6 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid992.5 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid243.8 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid28.9 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid177.2 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid84.9 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid409.7 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid388.5 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)977.4 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid681.1 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid199.5 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid785.6 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid212.4 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid327.8 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate759.2 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA503.0 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water747.2 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.24 +/- 0.09 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHemodialysis details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Hemodialysis
  1. Jankowski J, Jankowski V, Laufer U, van der Giet M, Henning L, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1231-8. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed:12738682 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022479
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID35013028
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound53477724
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Jankowski J, Potthoff W, van der Giet M, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets. Anal Biochem. 1999 Apr 10;269(1):72-8. [PubMed:10094777 ]
  2. Hollah P, Hausberg M, Kosch M, Barenbrock M, Letzel M, Schlatter E, Rahn KH: A novel assay for determination of diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets: studies in normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001 Feb;19(2):237-45. [PubMed:11212966 ]
  3. Miras-Portugal MT, Pintor J, Gualix J: Ca2+ signalling in brain synaptosomes activated by dinucleotides. J Membr Biol. 2003 Jul 1;194(1):1-10. [PubMed:14502438 ]
  4. Pintor J, Carracedo G, Alonso MC, Bautista A, Peral A: Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in human tears. Pflugers Arch. 2002 Jan;443(3):432-6. Epub 2001 Aug 23. [PubMed:11810214 ]
  5. Jankowski J, Jankowski V, Laufer U, van der Giet M, Henning L, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1231-8. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed:12738682 ]
  6. Kisselev LL, Justesen J, Wolfson AD, Frolova LY: Diadenosine oligophosphates (Ap(n)A), a novel class of signalling molecules? FEBS Lett. 1998 May 8;427(2):157-63. [PubMed:9607303 ]
  7. Pintor J, King BF, Miras-Portugal MT, Burnstock G: Selectivity and activity of adenine dinucleotides at recombinant P2X2 and P2Y1 purinoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;119(5):1006-12. [PubMed:8922753 ]
  8. Baker MD, Holloway DE, Swaminathan GJ, Acharya KR: Crystal structures of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in complex with the inhibitors 5'-ATP, Ap3A, Ap4A, and Ap5A. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 17;45(2):416-26. [PubMed:16401072 ]
  9. Leon D, Hervas C, Miras-Portugal MT: P2Y1 and P2X7 receptors induce calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation in cerebellar granule neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jun;23(11):2999-3013. [PubMed:16819989 ]
  10. Sperlagh B, Vizi ES: Extracellular interconversion of nucleotides reveals an ecto-adenylate kinase activity in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Res. 2007 Nov;32(11):1978-89. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [PubMed:17721817 ]
  11. Jankowski V, Karadogan S, Vanholder R, Nofer JR, Herget-Rosenthal S, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Tran TN, Zidek W, Jankowski J: Paracrine stimulation of vascular smooth muscle proliferation by diadenosine polyphosphates released from proximal tubule epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 2007 May;71(10):994-1000. Epub 2007 Mar 14. [PubMed:17361116 ]