| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2021-09-14 14:57:20 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0001487 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | NADH |
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| Description | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other nicotinamide. NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH (H for hydrogen) respectively. NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH. NAD (or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be either converted into ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP "energy" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it via cellular respiration. NAD is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by a pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). NADP is formed through the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. |
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| Structure | NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C21H29N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1,3-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,2,5-6H2,(H2,23,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H2,22,24,25)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 1,4-DIHYDRONICOTINAMIDE adenine dinucleotide | ChEBI | | DPNH | ChEBI | | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) | ChEBI | | Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | ChEBI | | b-DPNH | HMDB | | b-NADH | HMDB | | beta-DPNH | HMDB | | beta-NADH | HMDB | | Dihydrocodehydrogenase I | HMDB | | Dihydrocozymase | HMDB | | Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | HMDB | | Dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide | HMDB | | ENADA | HMDB | | NADH2 | HMDB | | Reduced codehydrogenase I | HMDB | | Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide | HMDB | | Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate | HMDB | | Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide | HMDB | | Nadide | HMDB | | Coenzyme I | HMDB | | DPN | HMDB | | Diphosphopyridine nucleotide | HMDB | | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | HMDB | | Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide | HMDB | | NAD | HMDB | | Nucleotide, diphosphopyridine | HMDB | | Adenine dinucleotide, dihydronicotinamide | HMDB | | Dinucleotide, dihydronicotinamide adenine | HMDB | | Dinucleotide, nicotinamide-adenine | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C21H29N7O14P2 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 665.441 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 665.124771695 |
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| IUPAC Name | [({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy})phosphinic acid |
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| Traditional Name | NADH |
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| CAS Registry Number | 58-68-4 |
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| SMILES | NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C21H29N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1,3-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,2,5-6H2,(H2,23,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H2,22,24,25)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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| Class | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - (5'->5')-dinucleotide
- Purine nucleotide sugar
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
- Nicotinamide-nucleotide
- Pentose phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- N-substituted nicotinamide
- Organic pyrophosphate
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Purine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Dihydropyridine
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Monosaccharide
- N-substituted imidazole
- Alkyl phosphate
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Hydropyridine
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Vinylogous amide
- Azole
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Primary carboxylic acid amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxamide group
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Enamine
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Alcohol
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary amine
- Amine
- Organic oxide
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 140.0 - 142.0 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections| Adduct Type | Data Source | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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| [M-H]- | Astarita_neg | 224.3 | 30932474 |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.52 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 10.7609 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 9.1 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 491.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1090.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 213.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 56.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 172.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 71.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 345.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 338.6 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 839.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 645.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 168.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 840.8 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 230.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 290.4 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 587.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 429.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 608.4 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Disease References | | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Deficiency |
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- Shi H, Enriquez A, Rapadas M, Martin EMMA, Wang R, Moreau J, Lim CK, Szot JO, Ip E, Hughes JN, Sugimoto K, Humphreys DT, McInerney-Leo AM, Leo PJ, Maghzal GJ, Halliday J, Smith J, Colley A, Mark PR, Collins F, Sillence DO, Winlaw DS, Ho JWK, Guillemin GJ, Brown MA, Kikuchi K, Thomas PQ, Stocker R, Giannoulatou E, Chapman G, Duncan EL, Sparrow DB, Dunwoodie SL: NAD Deficiency, Congenital Malformations, and Niacin Supplementation. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 10;377(6):544-552. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616361. [PubMed:28792876 ]
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- Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Suda M, Higashino K: Ethanol as a xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Metabolism. 1995 Jun;44(6):779-85. [PubMed:7783663 ]
- Nadlinger K, Westerthaler W, Storga-Tomic D, Birkmayer JG: Extracellular metabolisation of NADH by blood cells correlates with intracellular ATP levels. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Nov 14;1573(2):177-82. [PubMed:12399028 ]
- Saada A, Bar-Meir M, Belaiche C, Miller C, Elpeleg O: Evaluation of enzymatic assays and compounds affecting ATP production in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Anal Biochem. 2004 Dec 1;335(1):66-72. [PubMed:15519572 ]
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- Lin SJ, Guarente L: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of transcription, longevity and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;15(2):241-6. [PubMed:12648681 ]
- Belenky P, Bogan KL, Brenner C: NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci. 2007 Jan;32(1):12-9. Epub 2006 Dec 11. [PubMed:17161604 ]
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- Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]
- WholeHealthMD [Link]
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