Hmdb loader
Survey
You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database.
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-18 08:43:18 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:11 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001929
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01929
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLevofloxacin
DescriptionLevofloxacin, also known as (S)-ofloxacin or cravit, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions. Levofloxacin is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Levofloxacin is a bitter tasting compound. Outside of the human body,. Levofloxacin is a potentially toxic compound. A double mutant form of S. pneumoniae Gyr A + Par C bearing Ser-81-->Phe and Ser-79-->Phe mutations were eight to sixteen times less responsive to ciprofloxacin.
Structure
Data?1582752217
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-OfloxacinChEBI
(3S)-(-)-9-Fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acidChEBI
(S)-(-)-9-Fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzooxazine-6-carboxylic acidChEBI
(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acidChEBI
(S)-OfloxacinChEBI
L-OfloxacinChEBI
LevofloxacineChEBI
LevofloxacinoChEBI
LevofloxacinumChEBI
Ofloxacin S-(-)-formChEBI
CravitKegg
LevaquinKegg
(3S)-(-)-9-Fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylateGenerator
(S)-(-)-9-Fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzooxazine-6-carboxylateGenerator
(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylateGenerator
FloxinHMDB
Levofloxacin hydrateHMDB
OfloxacinHMDB
QuixinHMDB
Ofloxacin, (S)-isomerHMDB
Anhydrous, levofloxacinHMDB
Levofloxacin anhydrousHMDB
Chemical FormulaC18H20FN3O4
Average Molecular Weight361.3675
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight361.143784348
IUPAC Name(2S)-7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.0^{5,13}]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylic acid
Traditional Name(2S)-7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.0^{5,13}]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylic acid
CAS Registry Number100986-85-4
SMILES
C[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=C2N1CCN(C)CC1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H20FN3O4/c1-10-9-26-17-14-11(16(23)12(18(24)25)8-22(10)14)7-13(19)15(17)21-5-3-20(2)4-6-21/h7-8,10H,3-6,9H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25)/t10-/m0/s1
InChI KeyGSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinoline carboxylic acids. These are quinolines in which the quinoline ring system is substituted by a carboxyl group at one or more positions.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassQuinolines and derivatives
Sub ClassQuinoline carboxylic acids
Direct ParentQuinoline carboxylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
  • Fluoroquinolone
  • N-arylpiperazine
  • Aminoquinoline
  • Haloquinoline
  • Dihydroquinolone
  • Benzoxazine
  • Dihydroquinoline
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • N-methylpiperazine
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyridine
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Piperazine
  • Aryl halide
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Amino acid
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Ether
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organofluoride
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.44 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.02ALOGPS
logP0.65ChemAxon
logS-2.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)5.45ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area73.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity94.94 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability36.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+182.62632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-186.22832859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+182.4230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-180.04730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-214.58230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+189.58130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+182.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+179.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+185.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+186.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-186.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-186.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-185.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
LevofloxacinC[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=C2N1CCN(C)CC13451.5Standard polar33892256
LevofloxacinC[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=C2N1CCN(C)CC12777.3Standard non polar33892256
LevofloxacinC[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=C2N1CCN(C)CC13518.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Levofloxacin,1TMS,isomer #1C[C@H]1COC2=C3C(=CC(F)=C2N2CCN(C)CC2)C(=O)C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CN312995.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Levofloxacin,1TBDMS,isomer #1C[C@H]1COC2=C3C(=CC(F)=C2N2CCN(C)CC2)C(=O)C(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CN313185.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-2019000000-30d77332fe9feb70a82d2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01dl-7009600000-d322709717558bd09e252017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-00gm-1315975420-b0c4e6cdef799fda69b42012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0abc-3459425420-e8a4ecd2f8aea93fa6602012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0h9p-3513893500-1d5c8069419fa2c37ebb2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-63138044688fa3ab07922017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-02t9-0019000000-265eec70cbb77077fbfa2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1290000000-3ff2c315dfac97ded8c52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0axr-1980000000-e31472e2487627c51cea2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0adl-1930000000-3cd445f16118ecf3f6102017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0049000000-3cbab894a4b0d1165e7d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2492000000-62b30ac9148b067918162017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 75V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0axr-1980000000-aa52ed55d102e4d6142f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 60V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1190000000-77760aedde03dab8af8c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-02t9-0019000000-21613398a8dff5fc5e572021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 15V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-47e7a80ef7c8861677f62021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-6e3992e2c7f71e2e2d602017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-02tc-0009000000-8e0f1b0fc3b80969c0dd2017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pi3-7097000000-363d82fc0e563a2423b02017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-02t9-0009000000-bf579599f29511ea990c2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0670-0096000000-9d4af124e757cd0455bb2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014r-0091000000-c5e349004a62406fb0952017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dl-0009000000-c49f6f12144cd4de39cb2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0009000000-7979df79be5019e8bd922021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udl-1079000000-68ac9a2c90e1aa6653392021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0019000000-ae9c58f7e3ad985911632021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levofloxacin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0095000000-baf3b8295498cac74a7b2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
Tissue Locations
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.135 +/- 0.015 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified5.206 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifieddisseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.569 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifieddisseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified5.510 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifieddisseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified2.907 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifieddisseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.242 +/- 9.802 uMAdult (>18 years old)Bothexternal ventriculostomy details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified19.383 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedTuberculosis details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.763 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedTuberculosis details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.297 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedTuberculosis details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified12.599 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedTuberculosis details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.652 +/- 0.692 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified4hrs after administration of 300mg details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified5.510 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified2hrs after administration of 500mg details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified5.206 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified5hrs after administration of 750mg details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.242 +/- 9.802 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified2hrs after IV administration of 500mg details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.297 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified2hrs after administration of 750mg details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.652 +/- 0.692 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specifiedneurosurgical operations details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Tuberculosis
  1. Upton A, Woodhouse A, Vaughan R, Newton S, Ellis-Pegler R: Evolution of central nervous system multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and late relapse of cryptic prosthetic hip joint tuberculosis: complications during treatment of disseminated isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in an immunocompromised host. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Feb;47(2):507-10. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01473-08. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [PubMed:19109477 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB01137
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022746
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID131410
KEGG Compound IDC07660
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLevofloxacin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound149096
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID63598
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Norrby SR: Levofloxacin. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 1999 Nov;1(1):109-19. [PubMed:11249554 ]
  3. Chow AT, Chen A, Lattime H, Morgan N, Wong F, Fowler C, Williams RR: Penetration of levofloxacin into skin tissue after oral administration of multiple 750 mg once-daily doses. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002 Apr;27(2):143-50. [PubMed:11975700 ]
  4. Bielecka-Grzela S, Klimowicz A: Evaluation of ofloxacin penetration into the skin after a single oral dose assessed by cutaneous microdialysis. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003 Jul-Aug;55(4):613-8. [PubMed:14581720 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks
Gene Name:
TOP2A
Uniprot ID:
P11388
Molecular weight:
174383.9