| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:46 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:19 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0002285 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid |
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| Description | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, similar to melatonin and some structurally related indole compounds. Lipid peroxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide is a source of free radicals (PMID 12236544 ). 2-Indolecarboxylic acid is a phenolic components known to exist in Korean ginseng (Koryo Insam Hakhoechi (1996), 20(3), 284-290) and brown rice (Han'guk Nonghwa Hakhoechi (1995), 38(5), 478-83). |
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| Structure | OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC=C2 InChI=1S/C9H7NO2/c11-9(12)8-5-6-3-1-2-4-7(6)10-8/h1-5,10H,(H,11,12) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Indolecarboxylate | Generator | | indol-2-Carboxylic acid | ChEMBL, HMDB | | indol-2-Carboxylate | Generator, HMDB | | 1H-Indole-2-carboxylate | HMDB, Generator | | 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid | HMDB | | 2-Carboxyindole | HMDB | | Indole-2-carboxylate | HMDB | | Indole-2-carboxylic acid | HMDB, MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C9H7NO2 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 161.1574 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 161.047678473 |
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| IUPAC Name | 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid |
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| Traditional Name | indole-2-carboxylic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 1477-50-5 |
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| SMILES | OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC=C2 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H7NO2/c11-9(12)8-5-6-3-1-2-4-7(6)10-8/h1-5,10H,(H,11,12) |
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| InChI Key | HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives. Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group (or a derivative thereof) linked to an indole. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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| Class | Indoles and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Indolecarboxylic acid derivative
- Indole
- Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
- Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid or derivatives
- Substituted pyrrole
- Benzenoid
- Pyrrole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Azacycle
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 719.9 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | | LogP | 2.31 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 3.85 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.9806 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.9 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 58.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2260.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 428.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 107.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 262.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 320.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 470.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 444.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 119.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 779.9 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 392.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1172.6 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 313.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 308.4 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 509.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 162.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 103.9 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2[NH]1 | 1785.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)N1C(C(=O)O)=CC2=CC=CC=C21 | 1835.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C | 1944.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C | 1883.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C | 1974.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2[NH]1 | 2052.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(C(=O)O)=CC2=CC=CC=C21 | 2080.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2314.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2302.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Indolecarboxylic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2250.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-01ox-4900000000-71da0f4b4d797e27273b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00y0-9770000000-1d97508714d0fc338220 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-f4554fa32e1dc60685f1 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-4e4ee101de19b55dc5ff | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-1900000000-1568880a7641c6067190 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-06e55ebe614b04ed5f75 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03xr-0900000000-958b289f26a6c0a5c47d | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014l-2900000000-6698c24dd617648873c9 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-70e9cda69dd6169dc2a8 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01ox-0900000000-882a9335e9dcffc135e2 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-3900000000-975d31c56ec06b8fadb1 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-89c3f30c8225ba6d5d62 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-89c3f30c8225ba6d5d62 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Indolecarboxylic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-89c3f30c8225ba6d5d62 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Urine | Detected and Quantified | 6.228 +/- 5.119 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | None |
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| Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB022948 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| Chemspider ID | 65731 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | 6593 |
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| PubChem Compound | 72899 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 130363 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1251471 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Feng, Liu-xing; Ding, Shao-min; Song, Hua-fu. Synthesis process of indole-2-carboxylic acid. Huaxue Yu Nianhe (2003), (4), 196-197. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Seal AN, Pratley JE, Haig T, An M: Identification and quantitation of compounds in a series of allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice root exudates. J Chem Ecol. 2004 Aug;30(8):1647-62. [PubMed:15537165 ]
- Eaton RW, Chapman PJ: Formation of indigo and related compounds from indolecarboxylic acids by aromatic acid-degrading bacteria: chromogenic reactions for cloning genes encoding dioxygenases that act on aromatic acids. J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec;177(23):6983-8. [PubMed:7592495 ]
- Cross PE, Dickinson RP, Parry MJ, Randall MJ: Selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. 3. 1H-imidazol-1-yl-substituted benzo[b]furan-, benzo[b]thiophene-, and indole-2- and -3-carboxylic acids. J Med Chem. 1986 Sep;29(9):1637-43. [PubMed:3746813 ]
- Kawa K: Distribution and functional properties of 5-HT3 receptors in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus: a patch-clamp study. J Neurophysiol. 1994 May;71(5):1935-47. [PubMed:7520482 ]
- Stetinova V, Smetanova L, Grossmann V, Anzenbacher P: In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant activity of melatonin and related indole derivatives. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2002 Jun;21(2):153-62. [PubMed:12236544 ]
- Showalter HD, Sercel AD, Leja BM, Wolfangel CD, Ambroso LA, Elliott WL, Fry DW, Kraker AJ, Howard CT, Lu GH, Moore CW, Nelson JM, Roberts BJ, Vincent PW, Denny WA, Thompson AM: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 6. Structure-activity relationships among N- and 3-substituted 2,2'-diselenobis(1H-indoles) for inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases and comparative in vitro and in vivo studies against selected sulfur congeners. J Med Chem. 1997 Feb 14;40(4):413-26. [PubMed:9046331 ]
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