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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:20 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:17 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002925
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006735
  • HMDB02925
  • HMDB06735
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
Description8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is a 20-carbon-chain omega-6 fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) only at position 5. 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid is also known as Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). DGLA is the elongation product of the 18 carbon gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). DGLA can be converted into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits platelet aggregation and also exerts a vasodilatory effect. DGLA competes with arachadonic acid for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of arachadonic acid's eicosanoids.
Structure
Data?1582752259
Synonyms
ValueSource
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosatrienoic acidChEBI
(Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
(Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14-IcosatrienoateChEBI
(Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14-Icosatrienoic acidChEBI
20:3, N-6,9,12 all-cisChEBI
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
8C,11C,14C-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
8C,11C,14C-EicosatriensaeureChEBI
8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
all-cis-8,11,14-Icosatrienoic acidChEBI
all-cis-Eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acidChEBI
all-cis-Eicosa-8,11,14-triensaeureChEBI
C20:3, N-6,9,12 all-cisChEBI
cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidChEBI
DGLAChEBI
Eicosa-8Z,11Z,14Z-trienoic acidChEBI
gamma-Homolinolenic acidChEBI
Homo-gamma-linolenic acidChEBI
Homo-gamma-linolensaeureChEBI
(Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14-EicosatrienoateKegg
8,11,14-EicosatrienoateKegg
8,11,14-IcosatrienoateKegg
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acidKegg
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-IcosatrienoateGenerator
8C,11C,14C-EicosatrienoateGenerator
8Z,11Z,14Z-EicosatrienoateGenerator
all-cis-8,11,14-EicosatrienoateGenerator
all-cis-8,11,14-IcosatrienoateGenerator
all-cis-Eicosa-8,11,14-trienoateGenerator
cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-EicosatrienoateGenerator
Eicosa-8Z,11Z,14Z-trienoateGenerator
g-HomolinolenateGenerator
g-Homolinolenic acidGenerator
gamma-HomolinolenateGenerator
Γ-homolinolenateGenerator
Γ-homolinolenic acidGenerator
Homo-g-linolenateGenerator
Homo-g-linolenic acidGenerator
Homo-gamma-linolenateGenerator
Homo-γ-linolenateGenerator
Homo-γ-linolenic acidGenerator
Homo-g-linolensaeureGenerator
Homo-γ-linolensaeureGenerator
8,11,14-Icosatrienoic acidGenerator
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoateGenerator
Dihomo-g-linolenateGenerator
Dihomo-g-linolenic acidGenerator
Dihomo-gamma-linolenateGenerator
Dihomo-γ-linolenateGenerator
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acidGenerator
Dihomogammalinolenic acidHMDB
Dihomo gamma linolenic acidHMDB
Homo-gamma linolenic acidHMDB
Homo gamma linolenic acidHMDB
Linolenic acid, homo-gammaHMDB
8,11,14 Eicosatrienoic acidHMDB
(Z,Z,Z)-Icosatri-8,11,14-enoateHMDB
(Z,Z,Z)-Icosatri-8,11,14-enoic acidHMDB
8,11,14-all-cis-EicosatrienoateHMDB
8,11,14-all-cis-Eicosatrienoic acidHMDB
Bishomo-gamma-linolenateHMDB
Bishomo-gamma-linolenic acidHMDB
cis-8,11,14-EicosatrienoateHMDB
cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acidHMDB
cis-8,cis-11,cis-14-EicosatrienoateHMDB
cis-8,cis-11,cis-14-Eicosatrienoic acidHMDB
EicosatrienoateHMDB
Eicosatrienoic acidHMDB
Acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenicHMDB
DHLAHMDB
Acid, dihomogammalinolenicHMDB
Acid, homo-gamma linolenicHMDB
DihomolinolenateHMDB
Dihomolinolenic acidHMDB
FA(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))HMDB
Dihomo-linolenateHMDB
Dihomo-linolenic acidHMDB
FA(20:3n6)HMDB
dihomo-gamma-Linolenic acidChEBI
Chemical FormulaC20H34O2
Average Molecular Weight306.4828
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight306.255880332
IUPAC Name(8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid
Traditional Namedihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
CAS Registry Number1783-84-2
SMILES
CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h6-7,9-10,12-13H,2-5,8,11,14-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-
InChI KeyHOBAELRKJCKHQD-QNEBEIHSSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentLong-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available182.643http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001849
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.7e-05 g/LALOGPS
logP7.24ALOGPS
logP6.95ChemAxon
logS-6.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.89ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count15ChemAxon
Refractivity98.84 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability39.01 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+186.90831661259
DarkChem[M-H]-188.2831661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+185.15730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-182.79930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-215.68530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+191.25130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+184.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+181.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+187.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+188.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-185.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-187.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-189.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2391.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2367.2Standard non polar33892256
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2591.8Standard polar33892256
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2638.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2564.4Standard non polar33892256
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2626.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9570000000-cd036d3430a12b16dfb62017-08-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-022i-9542000000-c2f35f73d1bcbb0128a32017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-0019000000-38de24f5141b8fd244712012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-066v-9700000000-ea3e83fc76a5e8bf96a02012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0k96-9200000000-2b1245d775cb6a9290a72012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0090000000-8151054828665541898d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-05e9-0491000000-a09d13fe83820b3751212017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-052e-0692000000-aba537ad7f934032649f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0adj-0920000000-14556c974d2f5a8357cd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-059i-0791000000-db1fa7d2bf17ecf408202021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0910000000-23e553ce4de5f9a92f322021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-0196000000-0cb348afdbc2bfa250ad2017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-5891000000-413e3aa407f0e1cb64652017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052g-9760000000-b7aed55f7d8853fa6cf72017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0029000000-d1aef216444b744a83392017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1079000000-1eb636eb88d281beeffe2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9230000000-c1354a863e0181f2b7092017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-4496000000-d2c86b500de1b25b89bd2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a5i-8920000000-c9e205f0c9bc159b6e852021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05o4-9300000000-6f4b5c73d4ea8dd6ce7c2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0019000000-a547ddaba8c204ad4b7f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-2069000000-bf269de6180612c379712021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9220000000-00dffbb43465bcaae37f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Epidermis
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.542 +/- 0.005 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified3.61 +/- 2.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified118.408 +/- 39.774 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.420 +/- 0.207 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.54 +/- 0.005 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified84.8 +/- 30.8 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Isovaleric acidemia
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Specified
Premature neonates
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MaleAttachment loss  details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MalePeriodontal Probing Depth details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Isovaleric acidemia
  1. Dercksen M, Kulik W, Mienie LJ, Reinecke CJ, Wanders RJ, Duran M: Polyunsaturated fatty acid status in treated isovaleric acidemia patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;70(10):1123-1126. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.100. Epub 2016 Jun 22. [PubMed:27329611 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00154
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023082
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4444199
KEGG Compound IDC03242
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID41475
Wikipedia LinkDihomo-γ-linolenic acid
METLIN ID259
PubChem Compound5280581
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID53486
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDCE2516
MarkerDB IDMDB00030006
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Abraham RD, Riemersma RA, Elton RA, Macintyre C, Oliver MF: Effects of safflower oil and evening primrose oil in men with a low dihomo-gamma-linolenic level. Atherosclerosis. 1990 Apr;81(3):199-208. [PubMed:2112389 ]
  2. Du L, Yermalitsky V, Hachey DL, Jagadeesh SG, Falck JR, Keeney DS: A biosynthetic pathway generating 12-hydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid from arachidonic acid is active in mouse skin microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jan;316(1):371-9. Epub 2005 Sep 16. [PubMed:16169934 ]
  3. Hamilton RM, Gillespie CT, Cook HW: Relationships between levels of essential fatty acids and zinc in plasma of cystic fibrosis patients. Lipids. 1981 May;16(5):374-6. [PubMed:6789026 ]
  4. Thijs C, Houwelingen A, Poorterman I, Mordant A, van den Brandt P: Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;54(3):234-8. [PubMed:10713746 ]
  5. Emken EA, Adlof RO, Duval SM, Nelson GJ: Influence of dietary arachidonic acid on metabolism in vivo of 8cis,11cis,14-eicosatrienoic acid in humans. Lipids. 1997 Apr;32(4):441-8. [PubMed:9113634 ]
  6. Melnik BC, Plewig G: Is the origin of atopy linked to deficient conversion of omega-6-fatty acids to prostaglandin E1? J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Sep;21(3 Pt 1):557-63. [PubMed:2550526 ]
  7. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
Gene Name:
BAAT
Uniprot ID:
Q14032
Molecular weight:
46298.865
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May play an important physiological function in brain. May play a regulatory role by modulating the cellular levels of fatty acyl-CoA ligands for certain transcription factors as well as the substrates for fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, contributing to lipid homeostasis. Has broad specificity, active towards fatty acyl-CoAs with chain-lengths of C8-C18. Has a maximal activity toward palmitoyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
ACOT7
Uniprot ID:
O00154
Molecular weight:
40454.945
Reactions
Dihomo-gamma-linolenyl coenzyme A + Water → Coenzyme A + Dihomo-gamma-linolenic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Displays high levels of activity on medium- and long chain acyl CoAs.
Gene Name:
ACOT2
Uniprot ID:
P49753
Molecular weight:
53218.02
Reactions
Dihomo-gamma-linolenyl coenzyme A + Water → Coenzyme A + Dihomo-gamma-linolenic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH (By similarity). Succinyl-CoA thioesterase that also hydrolyzes long chain saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acyl-CoAs.
Gene Name:
ACOT4
Uniprot ID:
Q8N9L9
Molecular weight:
46326.09
Reactions
Dihomo-gamma-linolenyl coenzyme A + Water → Coenzyme A + Dihomo-gamma-linolenic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4. Major thioesterase in peroxisomes. Competes with BAAT (Bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase) for bile acid-CoA substrate (such as chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA). Shows a preference for medium-length fatty acyl-CoAs (By similarity). May be involved in the metabolic regulation of peroxisome proliferation.
Gene Name:
ACOT8
Uniprot ID:
O14734
Molecular weight:
35914.02
General function:
Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Active towards fatty acyl-CoA with chain-lengths of C12-C16 (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ACOT1
Uniprot ID:
Q86TX2
Molecular weight:
46276.96
Reactions
Dihomo-gamma-linolenyl coenzyme A + Water → Coenzyme A + Dihomo-gamma-linolenic aciddetails