| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 15:12:34 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:32 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0003119 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Benzyl alcohol |
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| Description | Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10%. Benzyl alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID:11766131 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (Hydroxymethyl)benzene | ChEBI | | Alcoholum benzylicum | ChEBI | | Alcool benzylique | ChEBI | | alpha-Hydroxytoluene | ChEBI | | alpha-Toluenol | ChEBI | | Aromatic alcohol | ChEBI | | Benzenecarbinol | ChEBI | | Benzenemethanol | ChEBI | | Benzylalkohol | ChEBI | | Benzylic alcohol | ChEBI | | Hydroxymethylbenzene | ChEBI | | Phenylcarbinol | ChEBI | | Phenylmethanol | ChEBI | | Phenylmethyl alcohol | ChEBI | | Ulesfia | Kegg | | a-Hydroxytoluene | Generator | | Α-hydroxytoluene | Generator | | a-Toluenol | Generator | | Α-toluenol | Generator | | Alcohol, benzyl | MeSH | | .alpha.-hydroxytoluene | HMDB | | .alpha.-toluenol | HMDB | | Aromatic primary alcohol | HMDB | | Bentalol | HMDB | | Benzal alcohol | HMDB | | Benzenmethanol | HMDB | | Benzoyl alcohol | HMDB | | Benzyl alkohol | HMDB | | Benzyl-alcohol | HMDB | | BenzylAlcohol | HMDB | | Benzylicum | HMDB | | Caswell no. 081F | HMDB | | Enzylalcohol | HMDB | | Euxyl K 100 | HMDB | | Hydroxytoluene | HMDB | | Itch-X | HMDB | | MBN | HMDB | | Methanol benzene | HMDB | | Phenolcarbinol | HMDB | | Phenylcarbinolum | HMDB | | Sunmorl BK 20 | HMDB | | TB 13g | HMDB | | Benzyl alcohol | HMDB | | Benzylalcohol | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C7H8O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 108.1378 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 108.057514878 |
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| IUPAC Name | phenylmethanol |
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| Traditional Name | benzyl alcohol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 100-51-6 |
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| SMILES | OCC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
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| InChI Key | WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyl alcohols. These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Benzenoids |
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| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Benzyl alcohols |
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| Direct Parent | Benzyl alcohols |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Benzyl alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic alcohol
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | -15.2 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | 205.00 to 206.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | | Water Solubility | 42.9 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | | LogP | 1.10 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.85 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.8323 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 4.6 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 59.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1564.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 432.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 145.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 271.0 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 179.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 443.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 457.9 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 149.4 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 953.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 344.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1135.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 305.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 341.6 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 459.1 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 297.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 98.9 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| Disease References | | Uremia |
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- Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x. [PubMed:12675874 ]
| | Asthma |
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- Ibrahim B, Basanta M, Cadden P, Singh D, Douce D, Woodcock A, Fowler SJ: Non-invasive phenotyping using exhaled volatile organic compounds in asthma. Thorax. 2011 Sep;66(9):804-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.156695. Epub 2011 Jul 11. [PubMed:21749985 ]
| | Ulcerative colitis |
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- Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
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