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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:43 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014714
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14714
Metabolite Identification
Common NameClonidine
DescriptionClonidine, an imidazoline-derivative hypotensive agent is a centrally-acting α2-adrenergic agonist. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts in the hypothalamus to induce a decrease in blood pressure. It may also be administered as an epidural infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone. Clonidine may be used for differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients. Other uses for clonidine include prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea, management of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal, treatment of alcohol withdrawal used in conjunction with benzodiazepines, management of nicotine dependence, topical use to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle and secondary glaucoma and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension, and in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clonidine also exhibits some peripheral activity.
Structure
Data?1582753212
Synonyms
ValueSource
2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamineChEBI
2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino]imidazolineChEBI
Catarpres-TTSHMDB
ChlornidinumHMDB
ClonidinHMDB
ClonidinhydrochloridHMDB
ST 155BSHMDB
CatapresHMDB
ClofenilHMDB
Clonidine monohydrobromideHMDB
Clonidine monohydrochlorideHMDB
CatapresanHMDB
Clonidine hydrochlorideHMDB
Dihydrochloride, clonidineHMDB
DixaritHMDB
GemitonHMDB
KlofelinHMDB
Boehringer ingelheim brand OF clonidine hydrochlorideHMDB
ClofelinHMDB
Clonidine dihydrochlorideHMDB
ClophelineHMDB
Hydrochloride, clonidineHMDB
IsoglauconHMDB
CatapressanHMDB
ChlophazolinHMDB
HemitonHMDB
KlofenilHMDB
Monohydrobromide, clonidineHMDB
Monohydrochloride, clonidineHMDB
ClonidineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC9H9Cl2N3
Average Molecular Weight230.094
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight229.017352717
IUPAC NameN-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine
Traditional Nameclonidine
CAS Registry Number4205-90-7
SMILES
ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
InChI KeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassHalobenzenes
Direct ParentDichlorobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1,3-dichlorobenzene
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • 2-imidazoline
  • Guanidine
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboximidamide
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point130 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.48 g/LNot Available
LogP2.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM144.030932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.48 g/LALOGPS
logP2.55ALOGPS
logP2.49ChemAxon
logS-2.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.16ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area36.42 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity59.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+141.04430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-138.30530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-174.20130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+149.7430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+146.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+142.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+150.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+151.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-143.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-144.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-144.532859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.2.28 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202210.6471 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20222.55 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid112.4 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid964.3 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid340.3 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid99.9 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid218.7 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid108.6 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid300.2 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid373.5 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)171.0 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid788.1 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid307.4 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid931.0 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid243.2 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid273.8 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate484.4 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA184.4 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water22.7 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ClonidineClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN13178.7Standard polar33892256
ClonidineClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN12108.1Standard non polar33892256
ClonidineClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN12056.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2138.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl1930.5Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl4114.6Standard polar33892256
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2159.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2057.9Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3539.9Standard polar33892256
Clonidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2093.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2039.0Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C3127.2Standard polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2338.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2164.3Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NCCN1)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl4123.7Standard polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2422.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2260.6Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3647.1Standard polar33892256
Clonidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2450.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2456.0Standard non polar33892256
Clonidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCN=C1N(C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3113.8Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Clonidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-02vi-8910000000-a3e51d12bf5d7c152fa82017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Clonidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-003r-5970000000-33c27878b8b7ad9d5d752014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dl-0279000000-5f6a2e746dea4ac429522017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-2c051509a637beaafe732017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-f1477af875c25c537ccb2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-ccdeb1dfce0424b12c0c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-01po-6950000000-dd68628a46215027ef292017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-6900000000-ce531320f1fda74d127e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine LC-ESI-IT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-2980000000-24b18e2a89a65b2b178f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0190000000-7cbbf9fb244993abe9222017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-285a93c6077b8174b42b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-2fa5eb2717a38b5ddc532021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-fff41c3a9a890a8402d52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-3190000000-a3308b4d4c0c2eaa7e1e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03l0-0920000000-7827fba3068267e11fd72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05gi-0900000000-7e2ad60d7fd425ea536c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03l0-0920000000-31421af1384e151ca8042021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-1090000000-9444e2a6ad340b2e0c4e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-2190000000-b31dc3277959bc7da1f32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-015c-9000000000-8f9953cf5ba876f810b12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0190000000-1c3f1ad6c77da1103c662016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-1590000000-be2bbba9747b473934502016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-057i-6900000000-50e611f207ee7d674aac2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-f2dc8cf311bd04067c452021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0090000000-f2dc8cf311bd04067c452021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9410000000-64bf1288d1fd79f1dd332021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0090000000-939fc90511af10b4320a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00575 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00575 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00575
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2701
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkClonidine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2803
PDB IDCLU
ChEBI ID3757
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Hossmann V, Maling TJ, Hamilton CA, Reid JL, Dollery CT: Sedative and cardiovascular effects of clonidine and nitrazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 Aug;28(2):167-76. [PubMed:7398184 ]
  2. Schapiro NA: "Dude, you don't have Tourette's:" Tourette's syndrome, beyond the tics. Pediatr Nurs. 2002 May-Jun;28(3):243-6, 249-53. [PubMed:12087644 ]