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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:54 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015230
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15230
Metabolite Identification
Common NameRosuvastatin
DescriptionRosuvastatin, also known as creston or ZD-4522, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrimidines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrimidine ring through a CC or CN bond. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2--6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). Rosuvastatin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, rosuvastatin is involved in rosuvastatin action pathway. Rosuvastatin is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Data?1582753273
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3R,5S,6E)-7-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acidChEBI
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acidChEBI
CrestonKegg
(3R,5S,6E)-7-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoateGenerator
(3R,5S,6E)-7-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulphonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoateGenerator
(3R,5S,6E)-7-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulphonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acidGenerator
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoateGenerator
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulphonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoateGenerator
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulphonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acidGenerator
Rosuvastatin calciumHMDB
ZD-4522HMDB
CrestorHMDB
Calcium, rosuvastatinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC22H28FN3O6S
Average Molecular Weight481.538
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight481.168284538
IUPAC Name(3R,5S,6E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(N-methylmethanesulfonamido)-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Traditional Namerosuvastatin
CAS Registry Number287714-41-4
SMILES
CC(C)C1=NC(=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C22H28FN3O6S/c1-13(2)20-18(10-9-16(27)11-17(28)12-19(29)30)21(14-5-7-15(23)8-6-14)25-22(24-20)26(3)33(4,31)32/h5-10,13,16-17,27-28H,11-12H2,1-4H3,(H,29,30)/b10-9+/t16-,17-/m1/s1
InChI KeyBPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrimidines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrimidine ring through a CC or CN bond. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct ParentPhenylpyrimidines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 4-phenylpyrimidine
  • 5-phenylpyrimidine
  • Medium-chain hydroxy acid
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Fluorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Halogenated fatty acid
  • Heterocyclic fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Organosulfonic acid amide
  • Organic sulfonic acid amide
  • Fatty acyl
  • Fatty acid
  • Benzenoid
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Aminosulfonyl compound
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Sulfonyl
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organofluoride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.089 g/LNot Available
LogP2.4Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.089 g/LALOGPS
logP1.47ALOGPS
logP1.92ChemAxon
logS-3.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area140.92 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity121.44 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability48.55 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+210.81630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-208.4230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-241.30530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+216.72930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+214.032859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+211.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+215.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+216.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-212.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-213.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-215.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
RosuvastatinCC(C)C1=NC(=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O5750.7Standard polar33892256
RosuvastatinCC(C)C1=NC(=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O3473.4Standard non polar33892256
RosuvastatinCC(C)C1=NC(=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O3699.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Rosuvastatin,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3511.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3465.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,1TMS,isomer #3CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C3486.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3463.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TMS,isomer #2CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3461.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TMS,isomer #3CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3418.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,3TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3430.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3705.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3664.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3699.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3809.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3810.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3769.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Rosuvastatin,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3917.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03dl-4024900000-6da5a329db1ec51e73292017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-3000019000-fe48b7ae5cb710394f302017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dj-0000900000-ffe3f70c801ef1fe024b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-2009600000-06a41807156bb026dc0a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-007c-8239500000-8f10bc31f645273fc1352016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-2001900000-9b3574916dc9d66a08d42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-057i-9204500000-6690570c98256ed469902016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0bvi-7309000000-e1540b16a54c6fe4499b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0000900000-0922e2b4e5a8ea3fee1e2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03ea-0002900000-34aa48b2b99a45d1eb962021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zmi-1079100000-ce4c12ba3e188a4e4a442021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0000900000-e51e18d73e706fd1b0402021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-084l-1009300000-333a975bee218c0192692021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Rosuvastatin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a7l-9118000000-ba4f94c96fb0da6be6fc2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01098 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01098 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01098
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID393589
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkRosuvastatin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound446157
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID38545
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. McTaggart F, Buckett L, Davidson R, Holdgate G, McCormick A, Schneck D, Smith G, Warwick M: Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of Rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Am J Cardiol. 2001 Mar 8;87(5A):28B-32B. [PubMed:11256847 ]
  2. Stalker TJ, Lefer AM, Scalia R: A new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the microvascular endothelium: the role of mevalonic acid. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jun;133(3):406-12. [PubMed:11375257 ]
  3. Laufs U, Gertz K, Dirnagl U, Bohm M, Nickenig G, Endres M: Rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protects from ischemic stroke in mice. Brain Res. 2002 Jun 28;942(1-2):23-30. [PubMed:12031849 ]
  4. Jones SP, Gibson MF, Rimmer DM 3rd, Gibson TM, Sharp BR, Lefer DJ: Direct vascular and cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Sep 18;40(6):1172-8. [PubMed:12354446 ]
  5. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, Bays HE, McKenney JM, Miller E, Cain VA, Blasetto JW: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR* Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003 Jul 15;92(2):152-60. [PubMed:12860216 ]
  6. Authors unspecified: The statin wars: why AstraZeneca must retreat. Lancet. 2003 Oct 25;362(9393):1341. [PubMed:14585629 ]
  7. McKillop T: The statin wars. Lancet. 2003 Nov 1;362(9394):1498. [PubMed:14602449 ]
  8. Kilic E, Kilic U, Matter CM, Luscher TF, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM: Aggravation of focal cerebral ischemia by tissue plasminogen activator is reversed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor but does not depend on endothelial NO synthase. Stroke. 2005 Feb;36(2):332-6. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [PubMed:15625301 ]
  9. Di Napoli P, Taccardi AA, Grilli A, De Lutiis MA, Barsotti A, Felaco M, De Caterina R: Chronic treatment with rosuvastatin modulates nitric oxide synthase expression and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Jun 1;66(3):462-71. Epub 2005 Mar 2. [PubMed:15914111 ]
  10. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Ballantyne CM, Davignon J, Erbel R, Fruchart JC, Tardif JC, Schoenhagen P, Crowe T, Cain V, Wolski K, Goormastic M, Tuzcu EM: Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA. 2006 Apr 5;295(13):1556-65. Epub 2006 Mar 13. [PubMed:16533939 ]
  11. Ho RH, Tirona RG, Leake BF, Glaeser H, Lee W, Lemke CJ, Wang Y, Kim RB: Drug and bile acid transporters in rosuvastatin hepatic uptake: function, expression, and pharmacogenetics. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1793-806. Epub 2006 Mar 6. [PubMed:16697742 ]
  12. Kosmidou I, Moore JP, Weber M, Searles CD: Statin treatment and 3' polyadenylation of eNOS mRNA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Dec;27(12):2642-9. Epub 2007 Oct 4. [PubMed:17916773 ]
  13. Everett BM, Glynn RJ, MacFadyen JG, Ridker PM: Rosuvastatin in the prevention of stroke among men and women with elevated levels of C-reactive protein: justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER). Circulation. 2010 Jan 5;121(1):143-50. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.874834. Epub 2009 Dec 21. [PubMed:20026779 ]
  14. (). FDA label . .

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Specific function:
Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including ubiquinone and geranylgeranyl proteins.
Gene Name:
HMGCR
Uniprot ID:
P04035
Molecular weight:
97475.155
References
  1. Carbonell T, Freire E: Binding thermodynamics of statins to HMG-CoA reductase. Biochemistry. 2005 Sep 6;44(35):11741-8. [PubMed:16128575 ]
  2. Chapman MJ, Caslake M, Packard C, McTaggart F: New dimension of statin action on ApoB atherogenicity. Clin Cardiol. 2003 Jan;26(1 Suppl 1):I7-10. [PubMed:12539816 ]
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  4. Davidson MH: Rosuvastatin: a highly efficacious statin for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Jan;11(1):125-41. [PubMed:11772327 ]
  5. Hanefeld M: Clinical rationale for rosuvastatin, a potent new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Int J Clin Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;55(6):399-405. [PubMed:11501230 ]
  6. Holdgate GA, Ward WH, McTaggart F: Molecular mechanism for inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase by rosuvastatin. Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Jun;31(Pt 3):528-31. [PubMed:12773150 ]
  7. McTaggart F, Buckett L, Davidson R, Holdgate G, McCormick A, Schneck D, Smith G, Warwick M: Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of Rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Am J Cardiol. 2001 Mar 8;87(5A):28B-32B. [PubMed:11256847 ]
  8. Olsson AG, McTaggart F, Raza A: Rosuvastatin: a highly effective new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2002 Winter;20(4):303-28. [PubMed:12481202 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Olsson AG, McTaggart F, Raza A: Rosuvastatin: a highly effective new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2002 Winter;20(4):303-28. [PubMed:12481202 ]
  2. Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M, Backman JT: Drug interactions with lipid-lowering drugs: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Dec;80(6):565-81. [PubMed:17178259 ]
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  4. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o- glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency
Gene Name:
ABCC1
Uniprot ID:
P33527
Molecular weight:
171589.5
References
  1. Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona RG: Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins. Circ Res. 2010 Feb 5;106(2):297-306. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.203596. Epub 2009 Nov 25. [PubMed:19940267 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification
Gene Name:
ABCC4
Uniprot ID:
O15439
Molecular weight:
149525.3
References
  1. Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona RG: Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins. Circ Res. 2010 Feb 5;106(2):297-306. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.203596. Epub 2009 Nov 25. [PubMed:19940267 ]