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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 08:53:28 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:03:34 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0251528
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDL-Proline
DescriptionProline, also known as DL-proline or hpro, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. In humans, proline is involved in the metabolic disorder called hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (hoga). Proline is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), wheats (Triticum), and oats (Avena sativa) and in a lower concentration in winter squashes (Cucurbita maxima), pacific jack mackerels (Trachurus symmetricus), and coconuts (Cocos nucifera). Proline has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, tallow, soybean oil, and vodka. This could make proline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Proline is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Proline. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Dl-proline is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically DL-Proline is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
DL-ProlineChEBI
HproChEBI
ProlinChEBI
ProlinaChEBI
Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidChEBI
Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylateGenerator
L-ProlineMeSH
L ProlineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC5H9NO2
Average Molecular Weight115.1305
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight115.063328537
IUPAC Namepyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameproline
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
OC(=O)C1CCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)
InChI KeyONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentProline and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Proline or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
  • Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Amino acid
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Secondary amine
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-2.6ChemAxon
logS0.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.94ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)11.33ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area49.33 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity28.06 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.54 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+121.09130932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-118.14230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-154.77930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+129.6530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+124.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+120.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+129.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+130.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-120.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-123.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-126.232859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20228.6006 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20226.41 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid460.8 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid305.6 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid56.3 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid189.8 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid51.2 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid268.1 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid229.5 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)779.1 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid559.2 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid36.1 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid637.6 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid194.0 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid240.8 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate779.8 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA444.8 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water324.1 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
DL-ProlineOC(=O)C1CCCN11843.7Standard polar33892256
DL-ProlineOC(=O)C1CCCN11058.0Standard non polar33892256
DL-ProlineOC(=O)C1CCCN11327.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
DL-Proline,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1309.6Semi standard non polar33892256
DL-Proline,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1355.6Standard non polar33892256
DL-Proline,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1532.9Standard polar33892256
DL-Proline,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1780.5Semi standard non polar33892256
DL-Proline,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1767.1Standard non polar33892256
DL-Proline,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1826.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-000f-1910000000-b8957703cfe144c9ad7b2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-7dd244dbf0508fe182ff2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - DL-Proline GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00di-9000000000-8e834b710573540358a52014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 80V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9100000000-a6bbffba8116bbdc5a942021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 70V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-9400000000-8bbbdcc46ff61a5ac4262021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 60V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-8900000000-504c896ab454f1d6fcf82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-4900000000-b961d92566bf15c6cc1f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 65V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-9700000000-fc663594a67062eb04522021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 85V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9100000000-4b4cba41642e3cc795272021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 75V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9300000000-392c18e3d993f397b2e02021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 25V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-3900000000-6b96d6dad4cf93db3ba52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-1900000000-7bcd694d06468f15ae122021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-2900000000-cb2b03d8034018052c282021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 90V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-057cd991d0f1568b76962021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-2aaadae925722a4a5c542021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-91b526c5c2fc8d4096f62021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-da8c3b5579a29637e7322021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-c4b889ece4c7b298c7b42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 15V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01b9-8900000000-000cb5f6ae87b559450a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-4e3718c9acec851a59a52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9300000000-524823738c524593c4e62021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-3900000000-9902a9c205c6392f8d9c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-9700000000-8350fad6cf90ce2164c72015-05-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9100000000-e8dbf4b646043f5803dd2015-05-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-006x-9000000000-75c83a1618771632b3bd2015-05-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-5900000000-137050657da637e2e7282015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-022a-9400000000-4910911b3be890774d632015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DL-Proline 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-f087bd626084f20425122015-05-27Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-10-13Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB030009
KNApSAcK IDC00001345
Chemspider ID594
KEGG Compound IDC16435
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkProline
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound614
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID26271
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1242001
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]