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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2009-04-06 16:21:37 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:22 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0012242
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB12242
Metabolite Identification
Common NameKetoconazole
DescriptionKetoconazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients. [PubChem]Ketoconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This results in inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and increased fungal cellular permeability. Other mechanisms may involve the inhibition of endogenous respiration, interaction with membrane phospholipids, inhibition of yeast transformation to mycelial forms, inhibition of purine uptake, and impairment of triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. Ketoconazole can also inhibit the synthesis of thromboxane and sterols such as aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone.
Structure
Data?1582753032
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S,4R)-1-Acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazineChEBI
1-ACETYL-4-(4-{[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazineChEBI
NizoralKegg
XolegelKegg
ABBR KTCKegg
(+-)-cis-1-Acetyl-4-(P-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1- ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)piperazineHMDB
cis-1-Acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H- imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-ketoconazolHMDB
FungarestHMDB
FungoralHMDB
KetodermHMDB
KetoisdinHMDB
Orifungal mHMDB
PanfungolHMDB
PiperazineHMDB
Janssen brand OF ketoconazoleMeSH, HMDB
Ketoconazole janssen brandMeSH, HMDB
KetoconazoleMeSH
Chemical FormulaC26H28Cl2N4O4
Average Molecular Weight531.431
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight530.148760818
IUPAC Name1-[4-(4-{[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethan-1-one
Traditional Namenizoral
CAS Registry Number65277-42-1
SMILES
CC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C1=CC=C(OC[C@@H]2CO[C@](CN3C=CN=C3)(O2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2Cl)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C26H28Cl2N4O4/c1-19(33)31-10-12-32(13-11-31)21-3-5-22(6-4-21)34-15-23-16-35-26(36-23,17-30-9-8-29-18-30)24-7-2-20(27)14-25(24)28/h2-9,14,18,23H,10-13,15-17H2,1H3/t23-,26-/m1/s1
InChI KeyXMAYWYJOQHXEEK-ZEQKJWHPSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpiperazines. Phenylpiperazines are compounds containing a phenylpiperazine skeleton, which consists of a piperazine bound to a phenyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazinanes
Sub ClassPiperazines
Direct ParentPhenylpiperazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylpiperazine
  • N-arylpiperazine
  • Aminophenyl ether
  • 1,3-dichlorobenzene
  • Phenol ether
  • Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Ketal
  • Halobenzene
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Benzenoid
  • Meta-dioxolane
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Tertiary amine
  • Acetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Ether
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
  • cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-\{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy\}phenyl)piperazine (CHEBI:47518 )
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point146 °CPhysProp
Boiling Point753.37 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0.087 mg/LNot Available
LogP4.35SANGSTER (1993)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0093 g/LALOGPS
logP4.3ALOGPS
logP4.19ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.75ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area69.06 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity138.07 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability54.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+209.11430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-206.71930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-239.60330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+215.02730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+219.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+218.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+221.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+221.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-211.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-211.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-213.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9345700000-032f45d476928c1440632017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-3530190000-a2b05a2498270bcd4a7e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-3430090000-055d7bbaadb1e1716a8b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0031490000-58a475e5974da2dfdc182017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ik9-5395740000-08c010ea5c947e1a62f52017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-9520100000-76672a88c60da8324f812017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00or-2090150000-e4d86d7a4af3843992542017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-9240000000-92849351dd004ec262392017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00or-5940000000-e2a0f55e6d356bbc9c0e2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0010390000-00106b8b890fdebbf0362021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-9030210000-22cee3cdcfef8b4b80682021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00o0-4930100000-6819285e7904a4b66c662021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0000090000-081787cba0594aced9012021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0011980000-f9fa0eaf2d1b6889e0982021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketoconazole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-066v-3140900000-ae27808322ff5c503bcf2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot Available
Normal
      Not Available
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB05667
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB028884
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID43284
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDCPD-4503
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkKetoconazole
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound47576
PDB IDKLN
ChEBI ID47518
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1670781
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID:
P04798
Molecular weight:
58164.815
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
Gene Name:
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID:
P10632
Molecular weight:
55824.275