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Showing metabocard for 2,5-Dimethylphenol (HMDB0030540)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:37:31 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:19:38 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0030540
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB30540
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2,5-Dimethylphenol
Description2,5-Dimethylphenol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-xylenols. These are aromatic compounds that contain a p-xylenol moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 4-positions, and at least one hydroxyl group. 2,5-Dimethylphenol is a sweet, bacon, and naphthyl tasting compound. 2,5-Dimethylphenol has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as alcoholic beverages, arabica coffees (Coffea arabica), coffee and coffee products, and robusta coffees (Coffea canephora). This could make 2,5-dimethylphenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 2,5-Dimethylphenol.
Structure
Data?1676999978
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)


  Mrv0541 05061305202D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  4  3  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
  6  3  1  0  0  0  0
  6  5  2  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  4  1  0  0  0  0
  8  5  1  0  0  0  0
  8  7  2  0  0  0  0
  9  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

HMDB0030540
     RDKit          3D
2,5-Dimethylphenol
 19 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.9629    0.2136    0.0563 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4816    0.0108    0.0519 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9086   -1.1931    0.4025 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4524   -1.3719    0.3960 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3220   -0.3641    0.0407 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7997   -0.5362    0.0268 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7610    0.8491   -0.3134 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6291    1.8709   -0.6730 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6106    1.0208   -0.3042 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3554    0.1811    1.1154 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1668    1.2431   -0.2904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4893   -0.5629   -0.5375 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6073   -1.9902    0.6840 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8795   -2.3251    0.6748 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2565   -0.3011   -0.9408 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2867    0.1147    0.8057 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0232   -1.5900    0.3192 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2284    2.7491   -0.9296 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0559    1.9813   -0.5845 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  7  9  2  0
  9  2  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  6 16  1  0
  6 17  1  0
  8 18  1  0
  9 19  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)


  Mrv0541 05061305202D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  4  3  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
  6  3  1  0  0  0  0
  6  5  2  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  4  1  0  0  0  0
  8  5  1  0  0  0  0
  8  7  2  0  0  0  0
  9  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0030540

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-6-3-4-7(2)8(9)5-6/h3-5,9H,1-2H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
NKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C8H10O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
122.1644

> <EXACT_MASS>
122.073164942

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.993161470811447

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2,5-dimethylphenol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
2.35

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
2.696523273

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-1.30

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
10.467318470811056

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-5.463871992567609

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
20.23

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
38.121300000000005

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
6.13e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
2,5-dimethylphenol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

HMDB0030540
     RDKit          3D
2,5-Dimethylphenol
 19 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.9629    0.2136    0.0563 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4816    0.0108    0.0519 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9086   -1.1931    0.4025 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4524   -1.3719    0.3960 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3220   -0.3641    0.0407 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7997   -0.5362    0.0268 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7610    0.8491   -0.3134 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6291    1.8709   -0.6730 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6106    1.0208   -0.3042 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3554    0.1811    1.1154 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1668    1.2431   -0.2904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4893   -0.5629   -0.5375 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6073   -1.9902    0.6840 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8795   -2.3251    0.6748 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2565   -0.3011   -0.9408 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2867    0.1147    0.8057 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0232   -1.5900    0.3192 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2284    2.7491   -0.9296 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0559    1.9813   -0.5845 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  7  9  2  0
  9  2  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  6 16  1  0
  6 17  1  0
  8 18  1  0
  9 19  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 06-MAY-13   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   06-MAY-13         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       1.334  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      -1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    6                                                            
CONECT    2    7                                                            
CONECT    3    4    6                                                       
CONECT    4    3    7                                                       
CONECT    5    6    8                                                       
CONECT    6    1    3    5                                                  
CONECT    7    2    4    8                                                  
CONECT    8    5    7    9                                                  
CONECT    9    8                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    9    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

COMPND    HMDB0030540
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       2.963   0.214   0.056  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       1.482   0.011   0.052  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1       0.909  -1.193   0.402  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -0.452  -1.372   0.396  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1      -1.322  -0.364   0.041  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1      -2.800  -0.536   0.027  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C7  UNL     1      -0.761   0.849  -0.313  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  O1  UNL     1      -1.629   1.871  -0.673  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  C8  UNL     1       0.611   1.021  -0.304  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  H1  UNL     1       3.355   0.181   1.115  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H2  UNL     1       3.167   1.243  -0.290  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H3  UNL     1       3.489  -0.563  -0.537  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H4  UNL     1       1.607  -1.990   0.684  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H5  UNL     1      -0.879  -2.325   0.675  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H6  UNL     1      -3.256  -0.301  -0.941  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H7  UNL     1      -3.287   0.115   0.806  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H8  UNL     1      -3.023  -1.590   0.319  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H9  UNL     1      -1.228   2.749  -0.930  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H10 UNL     1       1.056   1.981  -0.584  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   10   11   12
CONECT    2    3    3    9
CONECT    3    4   13
CONECT    4    5    5   14
CONECT    5    6    7
CONECT    6   15   16   17
CONECT    7    8    9    9
CONECT    8   18
CONECT    9   19
END
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SMILES for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1
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INCHI for HMDB0030540 (2,5-Dimethylphenol)

InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-6-3-4-7(2)8(9)5-6/h3-5,9H,1-2H3
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
25-DimethylphenolChEMBL, HMDB
25-Dimethyl-phenolChEMBL, HMDB
1,2,5-XylenolHMDB
1,4-Dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzeneHMDB
1-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylbenzeneHMDB
2,5'-XylenolHMDB
2,5-Dimethyl phenolHMDB
2,5-Dimethyl-phenolHMDB
2,5-XylenolHMDB
2,5-Xylenol, 8ciHMDB
2-Hydroxy-P-xyleneHMDB
3,6-DimethylphenolHMDB
3,6-XylenolHMDB
6-Methyl-m-cresolHMDB
FEMA 3595HMDB
Hydroxy-P-xyleneHMDB
P-2-XylenolHMDB
P-XylenolHMDB
Chemical FormulaC8H10O
Average Molecular Weight122.1644
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight122.073164942
IUPAC Name2,5-dimethylphenol
Traditional Name2,5-dimethylphenol
CAS Registry Number95-87-4
SMILES
CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-6-3-4-7(2)8(9)5-6/h3-5,9H,1-2H3
InChI KeyNKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-xylenols. These are aromatic compounds that contain a p-xylenol moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 4-positions, and at least one hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassXylenes
Direct Parentp-Xylenols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • P-xylenol
  • P-xylene
  • O-cresol
  • M-cresol
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
ProcessNot Available
Role
Industrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point71 - 73 °CNot Available
Boiling Point211.00 to 212.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility3.54 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogP2.33Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.13 g/LALOGPS
logP2.35ALOGPS
logP2.7ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-5.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity38.12 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.99 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+126.30431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-122.79431661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+130.22130932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-126.45630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-163.86230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+139.40130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+120.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+116.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+125.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+126.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-120.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-122.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-125.132859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. 3.86 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202213.2556 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20224.32 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1496.3 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid467.8 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid187.1 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid314.5 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid293.9 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid592.5 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid591.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)131.7 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1117.0 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid451.1 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1251.8 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid382.5 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid392.7 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate465.8 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA251.9 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water69.7 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2,5-DimethylphenolCC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C12076.7Standard polar33892256
2,5-DimethylphenolCC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C11087.4Standard non polar33892256
2,5-DimethylphenolCC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C11146.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2,5-Dimethylphenol,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C11196.6Semi standard non polar33892256
2,5-Dimethylphenol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C11459.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB002413
KNApSAcK IDC00052609
Chemspider ID13839128
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDCPD-16609
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound7267
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID421375
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1005831
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .