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Showing metabocard for Maltol (HMDB0030776)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:38:57 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:19:41 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0030776
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB30776
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMaltol
DescriptionMaltol, also known as E636 or fema 2656, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Some synthetic derivatives of maltol, developed at the University of Urbino, showed limited in vitro antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells lines, perhaps inducing apoptosis in these cells. Maltol is a sweet, baked, and bread tasting compound. Maltol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as milk and milk products, nuts, soy beans, pepper (c. annuum), and coffee and coffee products. Maltol's sweetness adds to the odor of freshly baked bread, and is used as a flavor enhancer (INS Number 636) in breads and cakes. Related to this property, maltol has been reported to greatly increase aluminum uptake in the body and to increase the oral bioavailability of gallium and iron. Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is used primarily as a flavor enhancer. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in hot water, chloroform, and other polar solvents. Maltol is registered as a flavor component in the EU. Maltol, like related 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones such as kojic acid, binds to hard metal centers such as Fe3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and VO2+. It is known in the European E number food additive series as E636. Because it has the odor of cotton candy and caramel, maltol is used to impart a sweet aroma to fragrances.
Structure
Data?1676999981
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)


  Mrv1652305271900202D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  3  2  2  0  0  0  0
  4  1  1  0  0  0  0
  5  2  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  2  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  5  2  0  0  0  0
  8  6  1  0  0  0  0
  9  3  1  0  0  0  0
  9  4  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

HMDB0030776
     RDKit          3D
Maltol
 15 15  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.1935   -0.5047   -0.2354 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7013   -0.4190   -0.0796 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0561   -1.4865   -0.0250 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3570   -1.4596    0.1098 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0655   -0.2780    0.2090 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3154    0.8840    0.1572 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9301    1.9669    0.2445 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0676    0.8020    0.0127 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8120    1.9741   -0.0383 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4764   -1.5817   -0.1169 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7061    0.1136    0.5270 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5020   -0.2151   -1.2641 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9479   -2.3765    0.1506 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1416   -0.2946    0.3196 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3546    2.8753    0.0288 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  8  2  2  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  5 14  1  0
  9 15  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)


  Mrv1652305271900202D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  3  2  2  0  0  0  0
  4  1  1  0  0  0  0
  5  2  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  2  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  5  2  0  0  0  0
  8  6  1  0  0  0  0
  9  3  1  0  0  0  0
  9  4  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0030776

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H6O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
126.11

> <EXACT_MASS>
126.031694058

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
15

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
11.598794026301196

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.24

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
0.5464279193333332

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.03

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
9.450466964941128

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-3.5946257495349796

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
46.53

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
33.722

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.34e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
talmon

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

HMDB0030776
     RDKit          3D
Maltol
 15 15  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.1935   -0.5047   -0.2354 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7013   -0.4190   -0.0796 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0561   -1.4865   -0.0250 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3570   -1.4596    0.1098 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0655   -0.2780    0.2090 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3154    0.8840    0.1572 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9301    1.9669    0.2445 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0676    0.8020    0.0127 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8120    1.9741   -0.0383 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4764   -1.5817   -0.1169 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7061    0.1136    0.5270 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5020   -0.2151   -1.2641 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9479   -2.3765    0.1506 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1416   -0.2946    0.3196 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3546    2.8753    0.0288 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  8  2  2  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  5 14  1  0
  9 15  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0      -1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    4                                                            
CONECT    2    3    5                                                       
CONECT    3    2    9                                                       
CONECT    4    1    6    9                                                  
CONECT    5    2    6    7                                                  
CONECT    6    4    5    8                                                  
CONECT    7    5                                                            
CONECT    8    6                                                            
CONECT    9    3    4                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    9    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

COMPND    HMDB0030776
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       2.194  -0.505  -0.235  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       0.701  -0.419  -0.080  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1      -0.056  -1.487  -0.025  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1      -1.357  -1.460   0.110  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1      -2.066  -0.278   0.209  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C5  UNL     1      -1.315   0.884   0.157  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O2  UNL     1      -1.930   1.967   0.244  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       0.068   0.802   0.013  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  O3  UNL     1       0.812   1.974  -0.038  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  H1  UNL     1       2.476  -1.582  -0.117  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H2  UNL     1       2.706   0.114   0.527  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H3  UNL     1       2.502  -0.215  -1.264  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H4  UNL     1      -1.948  -2.376   0.151  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H5  UNL     1      -3.142  -0.295   0.320  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H6  UNL     1       0.355   2.875   0.029  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   10   11   12
CONECT    2    3    8    8
CONECT    3    4
CONECT    4    5    5   13
CONECT    5    6   14
CONECT    6    7    7    8
CONECT    8    9
CONECT    9   15
END
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SMILES for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO1
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INCHI for HMDB0030776 (Maltol)

InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
e636ChEMBL, HMDB
2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4H-pyran-4-oneHMDB
2-Methyl pyromeconic acidHMDB
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyranoneHMDB
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyroneHMDB
2-Methyl-3-hydroxypyroneHMDB
2-Methyl-3-oxy-gamma-pyroneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-pyroneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranoneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyroneHMDB, MeSH
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-g-pyroneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-gamma-pyroneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methylpyroneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-pyran-4-oneHMDB
5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-oneHMDB
FEMA 2656HMDB
Laricinic acidHMDB
Larixic acidHMDB
Larixinic acidHMDB
PalatoneHMDB
TalmonHMDB
VeltolHMDB
VetolHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H6O3
Average Molecular Weight126.11
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight126.031694058
IUPAC Name3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one
Traditional Nametalmon
CAS Registry Number118-71-8
SMILES
CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3
InChI KeyXPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyrans
Sub ClassPyranones and derivatives
Direct ParentPyranones and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyranone
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Oxacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
ProcessNot Available
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point161 - 162 °CNot Available
Boiling Point284.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility10.9 mg/mL at 15 °CNot Available
LogP0.09Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available117.742http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001121
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility134 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.24ALOGPS
logP0.55ChemAxon
logS0.03ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.45ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area46.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity33.72 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.6 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+123.60431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-121.58531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+129.96730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-127.66230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-163.78130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+138.64830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+124.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+119.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+128.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+130.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-119.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-121.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-124.132859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.2.38 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20229.0367 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20221.42 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid51.9 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1190.4 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid333.7 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid105.7 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid216.3 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid65.0 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid311.8 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid418.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)141.4 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid669.6 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid233.0 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid941.8 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid253.0 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid291.4 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate509.7 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA295.9 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water154.1 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
MaltolCC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO11858.1Standard polar33892256
MaltolCC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO11057.7Standard non polar33892256
MaltolCC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO11055.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Maltol,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C=CO11273.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Maltol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C=CO11558.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB002712
KNApSAcK IDC00037471
Chemspider ID8066
KEGG Compound IDC11918
BioCyc IDCPD-15508
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMaltol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound8369
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID142577
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1002341
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .