Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00330
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 5566
  • HMDBP03608
Name Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3
Synonyms
  1. 5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase
  2. AIR synthase
  3. AIRS
  4. GAR transformylase
  5. GARS
  6. GART
  7. Glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase
  8. Phosphoribosyl-aminoimidazole synthetase
  9. Phosphoribosylamine--glycine ligase
  10. Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase
  11. Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
  12. Phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase
Gene Name GART
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Specific Function Not Available
Pathways
  • Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT)
  • Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
  • Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency
  • AICA-Ribosiduria
  • Azathioprine Action Pathway
  • Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome
  • IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway
  • Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS)
  • Mercaptopurine Action Pathway
  • Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
  • Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
  • Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
  • One carbon pool by folate
  • Purine metabolism
  • Purine metabolism
  • Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency
  • Thioguanine Action Pathway
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)
  • Xanthinuria type I
  • Xanthinuria type II
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 5-Phosphoribosylamine + Glycine → ADP + Phosphate + Glycineamideribotide details
Adenosine triphosphate + 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine → ADP + Phosphate + 5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide details
10-Formyltetrahydrofolate + Glycineamideribotide → Tetrahydrofolic acid + N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide details
Adenosine triphosphate + 5-Phosphoribosylamine + Glycine → ADP + Phosphate + Glycineamideribotide details
Adenosine triphosphate + Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine → ADP + Phosphate + 5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide details
10-Formyltetrahydrofolate + Glycineamideribotide → Tetrahydrofolic acid + 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide details
Glycineamideribotide + 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolic acid + Water → 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + Tetrahydrofolic acid details
GO Classification
Biological Process
response to inorganic substance
purine nucleobase metabolic process
response to organic substance
'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process
organ development
purine nucleobase biosynthetic process
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
methylation
Cellular Component
cytosol
Component
cell part
intracellular part
cytoplasm
Function
binding
catalytic activity
transferase activity
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
ligase activity
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
cyclo-ligase activity
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
methyltransferase activity
Molecular Function
metal ion binding
ATP binding
phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
methyltransferase activity
Process
purine nucleotide metabolic process
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
metabolic process
nitrogen compound metabolic process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
nucleotide metabolic process
cellular aromatic compound metabolic process
purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
imp biosynthetic process
'de novo' imp biosynthetic process
purine base metabolic process
purine base biosynthetic process
cellular metabolic process
biosynthetic process
nucleobase metabolic process
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 21
Locus 21q22.11
SNPs GART
Gene Sequence
>3033 bp
ATGGCAGCCCGAGTACTTATAATTGGCAGTGGAGGAAGGGAACATACGCTGGCCTGGAAA
CTTGCACAGTCTCATCATGTCAAACAAGTGTTGGTTGCCCCAGGAAACGCAGGCACTGCC
TGCTCTGAAAAGATTTCAAATACCGCCATCTCAATCAGTGACCACACTGCCCTTGCTCAA
TTCTGCAAAGAGAAGAAAATTGAATTTGTAGTTGTTGGACCAGAAGCACCTCTGGCTGCT
GGGATTGTTGGGAACCTGAGGTCTGCAGGAGTGCAATGCTTTGGCCCAACAGCAGAAGCG
GCTCAGTTAGAGTCCAGCAAAAGGTTTGCCAAAGAGTTTATGGACAGACATGGAATCCCA
ACCGCACAATGGAAGGCTTTCACCAAACCTGAAGAAGCCTGCAGCTTCATTTTGAGTGCA
GACTTCCCTGCTTTGGTTGTGAAGGCCAGTGGTCTTGCAGCTGGAAAAGGGGTGATTGTT
GCAAAGAGCAAAGAAGAGGCCTGCAAAGCTGTACAAGAGATCATGCAGGAGAAAGCCTTT
GGGGCAGCTGGAGAAACAATTGTCATTGAAGAACTTCTTGACGGAGAAGAGGTGTCGTGT
CTGTGTTTCACTGATGGCAAGACTGTGGCCCCCATGCCCCCAGCACAGGACCATAAGCGA
TTACTGGAGGGAGATGGTGGCCCTAACACAGGGGGAATGGGAGCCTATTGTCCAGCCCCT
CAGGTTTCTAATGATCTATTACTAAAAATTAAAGATACTGTTCTTCAGAGGACAGTGGAT
GGCATGCAGCAAGAGGGTACTCCATATACAGGTATTCTCTATGCTGGAATAATGCTGACC
AAGAATGGCCCAAAAGTTCTAGAGTTTAATTGCCGTTTTGGTGATCCAGAGTGCCAAGTA
ATCCTCCCACTTCTTAAAAGTGATCTTTATGAAGTGATTCAGTCCACCTTAGATGGACTG
CTCTGCACATCTCTGCCTGTTTGGCTAGAAAACCACACCGCCCTAACTGTTGTCATGGCA
AGTAAAGGTTATCCTGGAGACTACACCAAGGGTGTAGAGATAACAGGGTTTCCTGAGGCT
CAAGCTCTAGGACTGGAGGTGTTCCATGCAGGCACTGCCCTCAAAAATGGCAAAGTAGTA
ACTCATGGGGGTAGAGTTCTTGCAGTCACAGCCATCCGGGAAAATCTCATATCAGCCCTT
GAGGAAGCCAAGAAAGGACTAGCTGCTATAAAGTTTGAGGGAGCAATTTATAGGAAAGAC
GTCGGCTTTCGTGCCATAGCTTTCCTCCAGCAGCCCAGGAGTTTGACTTACAAGGAATCT
GGAGTAGATATCGCAGCTGGAAATATGCTGGTCAAGAAAATTCAGCCTTTAGCAAAAGCC
ACTTCCAGATCAGGCTGTAAAGTTGATCTTGGAGGTTTTGCTGGTCTTTTTGATTTAAAA
GCAGCTGGTTTCAAAGATCCCCTTCTGGCCTCTGGAACAGATGGCGTTGGAACTAAACTA
AAGATTGCCCAGCTATGCAATAAACATGATACCATTGGTCAAGATTTGGTAGCAATGTGT
GTTAATGATATTCTGGCACAAGGAGCAGAGCCCCTCTTCTTCCTTGATTACTTTTCCTGT
GGAAAACTTGACCTCAGTGTAACTGAAGCTGTTGTTGCTGGAATTGCTAAAGCTTGTGGA
AAAGCTGGATGTGCTCTCCTTGGAGGTGAAACAGCAGAAATGCCTGACATGTATCCCCCT
GGAGAGTATGACCTAGCTGGGTTTGCCGTTGGTGCCATGGAGCGAGATCAGAAACTCCCT
CACCTGGAAAGAATCACTGAGGGTGATGTTGTTGTTGGAATAGCTTCATCTGGTCTTCAT
AGCAATGGATTTAGCCTTGTGAGGAAAATCGTTGCAAAATCTTCCCTCCAGTACTCCTCT
CCAGCACCTGATGGTTGTGGTGACCAGACTTTAGGGGACTTACTTCTCACGCCTACCAGA
ATCTACAGCCATTCACTGTTACCTGTCCTACGTTCAGGACATGTCAAAGCCTTTGCCCAT
ATTACTGGTGGAGGATTACTAGAGAACATCCCCAGAGTCCTCCCTGAGAAACTTGGGGTA
GATTTAGATGCCCAGACCTGGAGGATCCCCAGGGTTTTCTCATGGTTGCAGCAGGAAGGA
CACCTCTCTGAGGAAGAGATGGCCAGAACATTTAACTGTGGGGTTGGCGCTGTCCTTGTG
GTATCAAAGGAGCAGACAGAGCAGATTCTGAGGGATATCCAGCAGCACAAGGAAGAAGCC
TGGGTGATTGGCAGTGTGGTTGCACGAGCTGAAGGTTCCCCACGTGTGAAAGTCAAGAAT
CTGATTGAAAGCATGCAAATAAATGGGTCAGTGTTGAAGAATGGCTCCCTGACAAATCAT
TTCTCTTTTGAAAAAAAAAAGGCCAGAGTGGCTGTCTTAATATCTGGAACAGGATCGAAC
CTGCAAGCACTTATAGACAGTACTCGGGAACCAAATAGCTCTGCACAAATTGATATTGTT
ATCTCCAACAAAGCCGCAGTAGCTGGGTTAGATAAAGCGGAAAGAGCTGGTATTCCCACT
AGAGTAATTAATCATAAACTGTATAAAAATCGTGTAGAATTTGACAGTGCAATTGACCTA
GTCCTTGAAGAGTTCTCCATAGACATAGTCTGTCTTGCAGGATTCATGAGAATTCTTTCT
GGCCCCTTTGTCCAAAAGTGGAATGGAAAAATGCTCAATATCCACCCATCCTTGCTCCCT
TCTTTTAAGGGTTCAAATGCCCATGAGCAAGCCCTGGAAACCGGAGTCACAGTTACTGGG
TGCACTGTACACTTTGTAGCTGAAGATGTGGATGCTGGACAGATTATTTTGCAAGAAGCT
GTTCCCGTGAAGAGGGGTGATACTGTCGCAACTCTTTCTGAAAGAGTAAAATTAGCAGAA
CATAAAATATTTCCTGCAGCCCTTCAGCTGGTGGCCAGTGGAACTGTACAGCTTGGAGAA
AATGGCAAGATCTGTTGGGTTAAAGAGGAATGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 1010
Molecular Weight 107766.295
Theoretical pI 6.702
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3
MAARVLIIGSGGREHTLAWKLAQSHHVKQVLVAPGNAGTACSEKISNTAISISDHTALAQ
FCKEKKIEFVVVGPEAPLAAGIVGNLRSAGVQCFGPTAEAAQLESSKRFAKEFMDRHGIP
TAQWKAFTKPEEACSFILSADFPALVVKASGLAAGKGVIVAKSKEEACKAVQEIMQEKAF
GAAGETIVIEELLDGEEVSCLCFTDGKTVAPMPPAQDHKRLLEGDGGPNTGGMGAYCPAP
QVSNDLLLKIKDTVLQRTVDGMQQEGTPYTGILYAGIMLTKNGPKVLEFNCRFGDPECQV
ILPLLKSDLYEVIQSTLDGLLCTSLPVWLENHTALTVVMASKGYPGDYTKGVEITGFPEA
QALGLEVFHAGTALKNGKVVTHGGRVLAVTAIRENLISALEEAKKGLAAIKFEGAIYRKD
VGFRAIAFLQQPRSLTYKESGVDIAAGNMLVKKIQPLAKATSRSGCKVDLGGFAGLFDLK
AAGFKDPLLASGTDGVGTKLKIAQLCNKHDTIGQDLVAMCVNDILAQGAEPLFFLDYFSC
GKLDLSVTEAVVAGIAKACGKAGCALLGGETAEMPDMYPPGEYDLAGFAVGAMERDQKLP
HLERITEGDVVVGIASSGLHSNGFSLVRKIVAKSSLQYSSPAPDGCGDQTLGDLLLTPTR
IYSHSLLPVLRSGHVKAFAHITGGGLLENIPRVLPEKLGVDLDAQTWRIPRVFSWLQQEG
HLSEEEMARTFNCGVGAVLVVSKEQTEQILRDIQQHKEEAWVIGSVVARAEGSPRVKVKN
LIESMQINGSVLKNGSLTNHFSFEKKKARVAVLISGTGSNLQALIDSTREPNSSAQIDIV
ISNKAAVAGLDKAERAGIPTRVINHKLYKNRVEFDSAIDLVLEEFSIDIVCLAGFMRILS
GPFVQKWNGKMLNIHPSLLPSFKGSNAHEQALETGVTVTGCTVHFVAEDVDAGQIILQEA
VPVKRGDTVATLSERVKLAEHKIFPAALQLVASGTVQLGENGKICWVKEE
GenBank ID Protein 31642
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P22102
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PUR2_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID X54199
GeneCard ID GART
GenAtlas ID GART
HGNC ID HGNC:4163
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  3. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed:15592455 ]
  4. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1175371. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed:19608861 ]
  5. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. [PubMed:19413330 ]
  6. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed:18083107 ]
  7. Aimi J, Qiu H, Williams J, Zalkin H, Dixon JE: De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis: cloning of human and avian cDNAs encoding the trifunctional glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase-glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase by functional complementation in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 25;18(22):6665-72. [PubMed:2147474 ]
  8. Kan JL, Moran RG: Intronic polyadenylation in the human glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Aug 1;25(15):3118-23. [PubMed:9224613 ]
  9. Schild D, Brake AJ, Kiefer MC, Young D, Barr PJ: Cloning of three human multifunctional de novo purine biosynthetic genes by functional complementation of yeast mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):2916-20. [PubMed:2183217 ]
  10. Zhang Y, Desharnais J, Greasley SE, Beardsley GP, Boger DL, Wilson IA: Crystal structures of human GAR Tfase at low and high pH and with substrate beta-GAR. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 3;41(48):14206-15. [PubMed:12450384 ]
  11. Zhang Y, Desharnais J, Marsilje TH, Li C, Hedrick MP, Gooljarsingh LT, Tavassoli A, Benkovic SJ, Olson AJ, Boger DL, Wilson IA: Rational design, synthesis, evaluation, and crystal structure of a potent inhibitor of human GAR Tfase: 10-(trifluoroacetyl)-5,10-dideazaacyclic-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid. Biochemistry. 2003 May 27;42(20):6043-56. [PubMed:12755606 ]
  12. Dahms TE, Sainz G, Giroux EL, Caperelli CA, Smith JL: The apo and ternary complex structures of a chemotherapeutic target: human glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase. Biochemistry. 2005 Jul 26;44(29):9841-50. [PubMed:16026156 ]