1. 1 methylhistidine
2. 1-methyl histidine
3. 1-MHis
4. 1-Methyl-Histidine
5. 1-Methyl-L-histidine
6. 1-N-Methyl-L-histidine
7. L-1-Methylhistidine
8. N1-Methyl-L-histidine
9. pi-methylhistidine

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• Cytoplasm

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Saliva
• Urine

• 104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
• 125853 (Diabetes mellitus type 2)
• 601665 (Obesity)

1. Colombani PC, Kovacs E, Frey-Rindova P, Frey W, Langhans W, Arnold M, Wenk C: Metabolic effects of a protein-supplemented carbohydrate drink in marathon runners. Int J Sport Nutr. 1999 Jun;9(2):181-201. [PubMed ]
2. Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 1995 Mar 1;67(5):793-811. [PubMed ]
3. Myint T, Fraser GE, Lindsted KD, Knutsen SF, Hubbard RW, Bennett HW: Urinary 1-methylhistidine is a marker of meat consumption in Black and in White California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct 15;152(8):752-5. [PubMed ]
4. Giesecke K, Magnusson I, Ahlberg M, Hagenfeldt L, Wahren J: Protein and amino acid metabolism during early starvation as reflected by excretion of urea and methylhistidines. Metabolism. 1989 Dec;38(12):1196-200. [PubMed ]
5. Vranic L, Granic P, Rajic Z: Basic amino acid in the pathogenesis of caries. Acta Stomatol Croat. 1991;25(2):71-6. [PubMed ]
6. Sjolin J, Stjernstrom H, Henneberg S, Hambraeus L, Friman G: Evaluation of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in infection by measurements of 1-methylhistidine and the creatinine ratios. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Jan;49(1):62-70. [PubMed ]
7. Cocks DH, Dennis PO, Nelson TH: Isolation of 3-methyl histidine from whalemeat extract and the preparation of some derivatives. Nature. 1964 Apr 11:202:184-5 [PubMed ]
8. Dohm GL, Williams RT, Kasperek GJ, van Rij AM: Increased excretion of urea and N tau -methylhistidine by rats and humans after a bout of exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1982 Jan;52(1):27-33. [PubMed ]
9. Garlick PJ, McNurlan MA, Bark T, Lang CH, Gelato MC: Hormonal regulation of protein metabolism in relation to nutrition and disease. J Nutr. 1998 Feb;128(2 Suppl):356S-359S. [PubMed ]
10. Tuma P, Samcova E, Balinova P: Determination of 3-methylhistidine and 1-methylhistidine in untreated urine samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Jul 5;821(1):53-9. [PubMed ]
11. Dunnett M, Harris RC: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of imidazole dipeptides, histidine, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine in equine and camel muscle and individual muscle fibres. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Jan 10;688(1):47-55. [PubMed ]
12. Betto P, Ricciarello G, Pichini S, Dello Strologo L, Rizzoni G: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection of 3-methylhistidine in human urine. J Chromatogr. 1992 Dec 23;584(2):256-60. [PubMed ]

1. Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase
2. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3

1. CNDP dipeptidase 1
2. Carnosine dipeptidase 1
3. Glutamate carboxypeptidase-like protein 2
4. Serum carnosinase

MDPKLGRMAASLLAVLLLLLERGMFSSPSPPPALLEKVFQYIDLHQDEFVQTLKEWVAIE
SDSVQPVPRFRQELFRMMAVAADTLQRLGARVASVDMGPQQLPDGQSLPIPPVILAELGS
DPTKGTVCFYGHLDVQPADRGDGWLTDPYVLTEVDGKLYGRGATDNKGPVLAWINAVSAF
RALEQDLPVNIKFIIEGMEEAGSVALEELVEKEKDRFFSGVDYIVISDNLWISQRKPAIT
YGTRGNSYFMVEVKCRDQDFHSGTFGGILHEPMADLVALLGSLVDSSGHILVPGIYDEVV
PLTEEEINTYKAIHLDLEEYRNSSRVEKFLFDTKEEILMHLWRYPSLSIHGIEGAFDEPG
TKTVIPGRVIGKFSIRLVPHMNVSAVEKQVTRHLEDVFSKRNSSNKMVVSMTLGLHPWIA
NIDDTQYLAAKRAIRTVFGTEPDMIRDGSTIPIAKMFQEIVHKSVVLIPLGAVDDGEHSQ
NEKINRWNYIEGTKLFAAFFLEMAQLH

• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )

• Preferential hydrolysis of the beta-Ala!His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa!His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine [RN:R01166 R03288] ALL_REAC R01166 R03288 COFACTOR Citrate [CPD:C00158]
• Cadmium [CPD:C01413]

• M20_dimer (PF07687 )
• Peptidase_M20 (PF01546 )

• 1-26

• None

ATGGATCCCAAACTCGGGAGAATGGCTGCGTCCCTGCTGGCTGTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTG
GAGCGCGGCATGTTCTCCTCACCCTCCCCGCCCCCGGCGCTGTTAGAGAAAGTCTTCCAG
TACATTGACCTCCATCAGGATGAATTTGTGCAGACGCTGAAGGAGTGGGTGGCCATCGAG
AGCGACTCTGTCCAGCCTGTGCCTCGCTTCAGACAAGAGCTCTTCAGAATGATGGCCGTG
GCTGCGGACACGCTGCAGCGCCTGGGGGCCCGTGTGGCCTCGGTGGACATGGGTCCTCAG
CAGCTGCCCGATGGTCAGAGTCTTCCAATACCTCCCGTCATCCTGGCCGAACTGGGGAGC
GATCCCACGAAAGGCACCGTGTGCTTCTACGGCCACTTGGACGTGCAGCCTGCTGACCGG
GGCGATGGGTGGCTCACGGACCCCTATGTGCTGACGGAGGTAGACGGGAAACTTTATGGA
CGAGGAGCGACCGACAACAAAGGCCCTGTCTTGGCTTGGATCAATGCTGTGAGCGCCTTC
AGAGCCCTGGAGCAAGATCTTCCTGTGAATATCAAATTCATCATTGAGGGGATGGAAGAG
GCTGGCTCTGTTGCCCTGGAGGAACTTGTGGAAAAAGAAAAGGACCGATTCTTCTCTGGT
GTGGACTACATTGTAATTTCAGATAACCTGTGGATCAGCCAAAGGAAGCCAGCAATCACT
TACGGAACCCGGGGGAACAGCTACTTCATGGTGGAGGTGAAATGCAGAGACCAGGATTTT
CACTCAGGAACCTTTGGTGGCATCCTTCATGAACCAATGGCTGATCTGGTTGCTCTTCTC
GGTAGCCTGGTAGACTCGTCTGGTCATATCCTGGTCCCTGGAATCTATGATGAAGTGGTT
CCTCTTACAGAAGAGGAAATAAATACATACAAAGCCATCCATCTAGACCTAGAAGAATAC
CGGAATAGCAGCCGGGTTGAGAAATTTCTGTTCGATACTAAGGAGGAGATTCTAATGCAC
CTCTGGAGGTACCCATCTCTTTCTATTCATGGGATCGAGGGCGCGTTTGATGAGCCTGGA
ACTAAAACAGTCATACCTGGCCGAGTTATAGGAAAATTTTCAATCCGTCTAGTCCCTCAC
ATGAATGTGTCTGCGGTGGAAAAACAGGTGACACGACATCTTGAAGATGTGTTCTCCAAA
AGAAATAGTTCCAACAAGATGGTTGTTTCCATGACTCTAGGACTACACCCGTGGATTGCA
AATATTGATGACACCCAGTATCTCGCAGCAAAAAGAGCGATCAGAACAGTGTTTGGAACA
GAACCAGATATGATCCGGGATGGATCCACCATTCCAATTGCCAAAATGTTCCAGGAGATC
GTCCACAAGAGCGTGGTGCTAATTCCGCTGGGAGCTGTTGATGATGGAGAACATTCGCAG
AATGAGAAAATCAACAGGTGGAACTACATAGAGGGAACCAAATTATTTGCTGCCTTTTTC
TTAGAGATGGCCCAGCTCCATTAA

1. Janssen B, Hohenadel D, Brinkkoetter P, Peters V, Rind N, Fischer C, Rychlik I, Cerna M, Romzova M, de Heer E, Baelde H, Bakker SJ, Zirie M, Rondeau E, Mathieson P, Saleem MA, Meyer J, Koppel H, Sauerhoefer S, Bartram CR, Nawroth P, Hammes HP, Yard BA, Zschocke J, van der Woude FJ: Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1. Diabetes. 2005 Aug;54(8):2320-7. [PubMed ]
2. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Lenney JF, George RP, Weiss AM, Kucera CM, Chan PW, Rinzler GS: Human serum carnosinase: characterization, distinction from cellular carnosinase, and activation by cadmium. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 Aug 18;123(3):221-31. [PubMed ]
5. Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):157-65. [PubMed ]
6. Teufel M, Saudek V, Ledig JP, Bernhardt A, Boularand S, Carreau A, Cairns NJ, Carter C, Cowley DJ, Duverger D, Ganzhorn AJ, Guenet C, Heintzelmann B, Laucher V, Sauvage C, Smirnova T: Sequence identification and characterization of human carnosinase and a closely related non-specific dipeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 21;278(8):6521-31. Epub 2002 Dec 6. [PubMed ]
7. Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG 2nd, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2070-80. [PubMed ]

1. Fleisher LD, Rassin DK, Wisniewski K, Salwen HR: Carnosinase deficiency: a new variant with high residual activity. Pediatr Res. 1980 Apr;14(4 Pt 1):269-71. [PubMed ]

1. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein methyltransferase-like protein 3

MCSLASGATGGRGAVENEEDLPELSDSGDEAAWEDEDDADLPHGKQQTPCLFCNRLFTSA
EETFSHCKSEHQFNIDSMVHKHGLEFYGYIKLINFIRLKNPTVEYMNSIYNPVPWEKEEY
LKPVLEDDLLLQFDVEDLYEPVSVPFSYPNGLSENTSVVEKLKHMEARALSAEAALARAR
EDLQKMKQFAQDFVMHTDVRTCSSSTSVIADLQEDEDGVYFSSYGHYGIHEEMLKDKIRT
ESYRDFIYQNPHIFKDKVVLDVGCGTGILSMFAAKAGAKKVLGVDQSEILYQAMDIIRLN
KLEDTITLIKGKIEEVHLPVEKVDVIISEWMGYFLLFESMLDSVLYAKNKYLAKGGSVYP
DICTISLVAVSDVNKHADRIAFWDDVYGFKMSCMKKAVIPEAVVEVLDPKTLISEPCGIK
HIDCHTTSISDLEFSSDFTLKITRTSMCTAIAGYFDIYFEKNCHNRVVFSTGPQSTKTHW
KQTVFLLEKPFSVKAGEALKGKVTVHKNKKDPRSLTVTLTLNNSTQTYGLQ

• PrmA (PF06325 )

• None

• None

ATGTGCTCGTTAGCGTCAGGCGCTACCGGCGGCCGGGGCGCTGTGGAGAATGAGGAGGAC
CTGCCAGAACTGTCGGACAGCGGGGACGAGGCCGCCTGGGAGGATGAGGACGATGCAGAT
CTCCCCCACGGCAAGCAGCAGACCCCCTGCCTGTTCTGTAACAGGTTATTCACATCTGCT
GAAGAAACATTTTCACACTGTAAGTCTGAGCATCAGTTTAATATTGACAGCATGGTTCAT
AAACATGGACTTGAATTTTATGGATACATTAAGCTAATAAATTTTATTAGACTTAAGAAT
CCTACAGTTGAGTACATGAATTCCATATACAACCCAGTGCCTTGGGAGAAAGAAGAGTAT
TTGAAGCCAGTATTAGAAGATGACCTTTTACTTCAATTTGATGTAGAAGATCTTTATGAA
CCGGTGTCAGTACCCTTCTCATACCCCAATGGACTCAGTGAAAATACATCTGTTGTTGAA
AAATTGAAACATATGGAAGCCAGGGCACTGTCTGCTGAAGCCGCATTGGCCAGAGCACGT
GAGGATCTGCAGAAAATGAAACAATTTGCTCAGGATTTTGTGATGCACACAGATGTCAGA
ACCTGCTCGTCATCTACTAGTGTCATTGCGGACCTCCAGGAGGATGAGGATGGTGTTTAT
TTCAGCTCATACGGGCATTATGGGATACATGAAGAAATGCTAAAGGACAAAATACGAACA
GAAAGCTACCGAGATTTCATATACCAAAATCCACATATCTTCAAAGACAAGGTAGTTTTG
GATGTTGGGTGTGGAACTGGAATTCTCTCTATGTTTGCTGCTAAAGCTGGGGCGAAGAAG
GTTCTTGGAGTTGATCAATCTGAAATACTTTACCAGGCAATGGATATTATAAGACTAAAT
AAACTTGAAGATACTATTACACTAATTAAAGGAAAGATTGAAGAAGTTCATCTTCCTGTA
GAAAAAGTAGATGTTATCATATCTGAGTGGATGGGCTATTTTCTTCTGTTTGAGTCTATG
TTAGATTCTGTCCTTTATGCAAAGAACAAATACTTGGCAAAAGGAGGCTCGGTCTACCCT
GACATTTGCACTATCAGCCTTGTAGCAGTGAGTGATGTGAATAAACATGCTGATAGAATT
GCTTTTTGGGATGATGTCTATGGCTTCAAGATGTCCTGCATGAAGAAAGCAGTTATTCCA
GAAGCTGTTGTGGAAGTTTTAGATCCGAAGACTCTTATTTCAGAACCTTGTGGTATTAAG
CATATAGATTGCCATACGACGTCTATCTCAGATTTGGAATTTTCATCAGATTTTACCCTG
AAAATCACAAGGACATCCATGTGCACGGCAATTGCTGGCTACTTTGATATATATTTTGAG
AAGAATTGCCACAACAGGGTCGTGTTCTCTACGGGCCCTCAGAGCACCAAAACACACTGG
AAACAAACAGTATTTCTACTGGAAAAACCATTTTCAGTTAAAGCAGGTGAAGCCTTGAAA
GGAAAGGTCACAGTTCACAAGAATAAGAAAGATCCACGTTCTCTCACCGTGACCCTCACG
TTGAATAATTCAACTCAAACTTATGGTCTCCAGTGA

1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
2. Tang J, Gary JD, Clarke S, Herschman HR: PRMT 3, a type I protein arginine N-methyltransferase that differs from PRMT1 in its oligomerization, subcellular localization, substrate specificity, and regulation. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):16935-45. [PubMed ]
3. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
4. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
5. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
6. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

1. Raghavan M, Lindberg U, Schutt C: The use of alternative substrates in the characterization of actin-methylating and carnosine-methylating enzymes. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Nov 15;210(1):311-8. [PubMed ]