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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:00:08 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000525
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00525
Metabolite Identification
Common Name5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid
Description5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is a normal dicarboxylic acid degradation product of fatty acids; however, it has been found in patients with non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria and one patient on a diet containing excessive amounts of medium-chain triglycerides. Increased amounts of dicarboxylic acids are excreted in human urine under conditions of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) feeding, abnormal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and fasting. Criteria to distinguish dicarboxylic aciduria originating from MCT feeding and other conditions are needed in urinary organic acid profiling for detecting inborn errors of metabolism. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are absorbed and metabolized differently from long-chain triglycerides (LCTs). MCTs may be useful as a dietary substitute in a variety of clinical disorders. Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, the (omega-1) hydroxylation product, was increased during MCT feeding as compared with LCT feeding in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PMID: 6897376 , 2239769 , 8596483 ). Moreover, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid is also found to be associated with Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), which is also an inborn error of metabolism. 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid has be found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID: 20615997 ).
Structure
Data?1582752137
Synonyms
ValueSource
5-Hydroxy caproic acidChEBI
5-Hydroxy-hexanoic acidChEBI
5-Hydroxycaproic acidChEBI
5-OH-Caproic acidChEBI
5-Hydroxy caproateGenerator
5-Hydroxy-hexanoateGenerator
5-HydroxycaproateGenerator
5-OH-CaproateGenerator
5-HydroxyhexanoateGenerator
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acidMeSH
Chemical FormulaC6H12O3
Average Molecular Weight132.1577
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight132.07864425
IUPAC Name5-hydroxyhexanoic acid
Traditional Name5-hydroxyhexanoic acid
CAS Registry Number44843-89-2
SMILES
CC(O)CCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-5(7)3-2-4-6(8)9/h5,7H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9)
InChI KeyYDCRNMJQROAWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentMedium-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg125.79630932474
[M-H]-Not Available125.796http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000198
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility128 g/LALOGPS
logP0.32ALOGPS
logP0.35ChemAxon
logS-0.02ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.71ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity32.82 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.06 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+129.5331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-125.00731661259
AllCCS[M+H]+131.82332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-129.32532859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+130.24330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-127.37530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-163.76430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+138.80730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+131.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+127.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+135.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+136.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-129.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-132.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-135.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acidCC(O)CCCC(O)=O2445.6Standard polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acidCC(O)CCCC(O)=O1100.7Standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acidCC(O)CCCC(O)=O1183.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CC(CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C1315.6Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2CC(O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1260.1Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC(CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C1365.1Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1552.0Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1478.5Semi standard non polar33892256
5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1805.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0077-9100000000-13a584fc9ff05431f3592017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-007c-9420000000-7b0146069089183f60822017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-6900000000-d6721c752b62f74102322016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-9300000000-74040f00b17b4041c2992016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-9000000000-6f7de79a29b2b4c5a8ec2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-2900000000-7460b1bb2fffef236fde2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01qi-8900000000-b62d68d9bf86cee6fa5a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-ca5de42d9cc939f4610b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-9400000000-744ecd7d7e40b13575942021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05tk-9000000000-086484b097d1ba55d5d02021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-9000000000-db58a877cf5945d523f92021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03ei-3900000000-49a5b195fc6d1869f1272021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0bta-9400000000-9da83e480e59bbc1ade72021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052g-9000000000-e9748f05fe518d1531352021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot Available
Normal
      Not Available
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.1-2.9 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.7 (0.1-1.2) umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.7 (0.8-5.7) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.86-1.8 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.0 (0.1-11.2) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified4.0 (0.1-6.5) umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.0 (0.1-1.6) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified15-700 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)BothMedium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified47.146-384.404 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedMedium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Bladder cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.5 (0.0-7.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothMedium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Gregersen N, Kolvraa S, Rasmussen K, Mortensen PB, Divry P, David M, Hobolth N: General (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria): quantitative urinary excretion pattern of 23 biologically significant organic acids in three cases. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):181-91. [PubMed:6616873 ]
  2. Duran M, De Klerk JB, Wadman SK, Bruinvis L, Ketting D: The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1984;7 Suppl 1:48-51. [PubMed:6434845 ]
  3. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 201450 (Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022093
KNApSAcK IDC00052163
Chemspider ID149280
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5510
PubChem Compound170748
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID131434
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00029984
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceValentin, H. E.; Schoenebaum, A.; Steinbuechel, A. Identification of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 4-hydroxyheptanoic acid and 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid as new constituents of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996), 46(3), 261-267.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58. [PubMed:14708889 ]
  2. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
  3. Kamerling JP, Duran M, Bruinvis L, Ketting D, Wadman SK, Vliegenthart JF: The absolute configuration of urinary 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid - a product of fatty acid (omega-1)-oxidation - in patients with non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 Nov 10;125(3):247-54. [PubMed:6897376 ]
  4. Niwa T, Meada K, Ohki T, Saito A, Tsuchida I: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric profile of organic acids in urine and serum of diabetic ketotic patients. J Chromatogr. 1981 Sep 11;225(1):1-8. [PubMed:6795215 ]
  5. Loftus NJ, Laird WJ, Steel GT, Wilks MF, Woollen BH: Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of deuterium-labelled di-2-(ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in humans. Food Chem Toxicol. 1993 Sep;31(9):609-14. [PubMed:8406236 ]
  6. Brass EP, Tserng KY, Eckel RH: Urinary organic acid excretion during feeding of medium-chain or long-chain triglyceride diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Nov;52(5):923-6. [PubMed:2239769 ]
  7. Tserng KY, Griffin RL, Kerr DS: Distinction of dicarboxylic aciduria due to medium-chain triglyceride feeding from that due to abnormal fatty acid oxidation and fasting in children. Metabolism. 1996 Feb;45(2):162-7. [PubMed:8596483 ]
  8. van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, Jacobs DM, Kemperman RA, van Velzen EJ, Gross G, Roger LC, Possemiers S, Smilde AK, Dore J, Westerhuis JA, Van de Wiele T: Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4531-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000098107. Epub 2010 Jun 25. [PubMed:20615997 ]