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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-10-17 09:40:18 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:47:12 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0005028
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB05028
Metabolite Identification
Common NameEscitalopram
DescriptionEscitalopram is a furancarbonitrile that is one of the Serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition; Escitalopram (Cipralex) is a medication developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck, that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is typically used as an antidepressant to treat depression associated with mood disorders, although it also may be used in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety, including OCD. In the United States, the drug is marketed under the name Lexapro by Forest Laboratories, Inc; Escitalopram is a medication that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is typically used as an antidepressant to treat depression associated with mood disorders, although it also may be used in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety, including OCD; Discontinuation from antidepressants, especially abruptly, has been known to cause certain withdrawal symptoms. One possible discontinuation symptom from Escitalopram is a type of spontaneous nerve pulse known as paresthesia or 'electric shock sensations', described by some patients as a feeling of small electric shocks, which may be accompanied by dizziness. These pulses may be short in duration, only milliseconds long, may affect any region of the body, and recur up to several times a minute, throughout all waking hours. They can be increased by physical activity, but are not solely linked to muscular activity. Other discontinuation symptoms include extreme sensitivity to loud sounds and bright lights, chills, hot flushes, cold sweats, reddening of the face, abdominal pain, weight gain and extreme mental fatigue.
Structure
Data?1582752341
Synonyms
ValueSource
(+)-CitalopramChEBI
(S)-CitalopramChEBI
EscitalopramumChEBI
EsertiaChEBI
S(+)-CitalopramChEBI
S-(+)-CitalopramChEBI
CipralexHMDB
LexaproHMDB
CytalopramHMDB
CitalopramHMDB
CelexaHMDB
Citalopram hydrobromideHMDB
Escitalopram oxalateHMDB
SeropramHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H21FN2O
Average Molecular Weight324.3919
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight324.163791509
IUPAC Name(1S)-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
Traditional Namelexapro
CAS Registry Number128196-01-0
SMILES
CN(C)CCC[C@]1(OCC2=C1C=CC(=C2)C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H21FN2O/c1-23(2)11-3-10-20(17-5-7-18(21)8-6-17)19-9-4-15(13-22)12-16(19)14-24-20/h4-9,12H,3,10-11,14H2,1-2H3/t20-/m0/s1
InChI KeyWSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbutylamines. Phenylbutylamines are compounds containing a phenylbutylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the fourth carbon by an butan-1-amine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenylbutylamines
Direct ParentPhenylbutylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylbutylamine
  • Isocoumaran
  • Fluorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Aralkylamine
  • Aryl halide
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Oxacycle
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Carbonitrile
  • Nitrile
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
  • 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile (CHEBI:36791 )
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0059 g/LALOGPS
logP3.58ALOGPS
logP3.76ChemAxon
logS-4.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.78ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area36.26 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity94.02 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability35.21 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+181.53230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-179.17430932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-213.09330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+188.35730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+176.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+173.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+179.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+180.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-183.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-183.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-183.332859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.5.16 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202210.99 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20222.38 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid69.3 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1056.0 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid237.7 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid169.7 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid193.6 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid97.6 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid379.7 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid475.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)823.6 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid876.8 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid285.8 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1165.4 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid211.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid329.4 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate541.4 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA494.9 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water47.4 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
EscitalopramCN(C)CCC[C@]1(OCC2=C1C=CC(=C2)C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C13391.0Standard polar33892256
EscitalopramCN(C)CCC[C@]1(OCC2=C1C=CC(=C2)C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C12504.7Standard non polar33892256
EscitalopramCN(C)CCC[C@]1(OCC2=C1C=CC(=C2)C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C12397.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.065 (0.020-0.1250) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothDosing with Escitalopram details
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01175
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023596
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID129277
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkEscitalopram
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound146570
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID36791
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceDall'asta, Leone; Casazza, Umberto; Petersen, Hans. Method for the preparation of citalopram. PCT Int. Appl. (2000), 26 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2000023431 A1 20000427 CAN 132:308238 AN 2000:277969
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94

Transporters

General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Molecular weight:
70324.165