Hmdb loader
Survey
You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database.
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2006-10-17 09:48:25 UTC
Update Date2020-04-22 23:33:43 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0005030
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB05030
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFexofenadine
DescriptionFexofenadine is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms. It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine, an antihistamine with potentially fatal contraindications. Fexofenadine, like other second-generation antihistamines, does not readily enter the brain from the blood, and so causes less drowsiness than first generation histamine receptor antagonists; Fexofenadine hydrochloride (brand names include Allegra and Telfast) is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms. It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine, an antihistamine with potentially fatal contraindications. Fexofenadine, like other second generation antihistamines, does not readily enter the brain from the blood, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
Structure
Data?1582752341
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzeneacetic acidChEBI
CarboxyterfenadineChEBI
Terfenadine acid metaboliteChEBI
Terfenadine carboxylateChEBI
Terfenadine-COOHChEBI
TelfastKegg
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-a,a-dimethylbenzeneacetateGenerator
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-a,a-dimethylbenzeneacetic acidGenerator
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzeneacetateGenerator
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-α,α-dimethylbenzeneacetateGenerator
4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)butyl)-α,α-dimethylbenzeneacetic acidGenerator
Terfenadine carboxylic acidGenerator
AllegraHMDB, MeSH
Fexofenadine hydrochlorideHMDB, MeSH
Aventis pharma brand OF fexofenadine hydrochlorideMeSH, HMDB
MDL 16,455aMeSH, HMDB
alpha-(4-(1-Carboxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)-4-hydroxydiphenylmethyl-1-piperidinebutanolMeSH, HMDB
Aventis behring brand OF fexofenadine hydrochlorideMeSH, HMDB
Aventis brand OF fexofenadine hydrochlorideMeSH, HMDB
Hoechst brand OF fexofenadine hydrochlorideMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC32H39NO4
Average Molecular Weight501.6564
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight501.287908741
IUPAC Name2-(4-{1-hydroxy-4-[4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl]butyl}phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
Traditional Namefexofenadine
CAS Registry Number83799-24-0
SMILES
CC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C32H39NO4/c1-31(2,30(35)36)25-17-15-24(16-18-25)29(34)14-9-21-33-22-19-28(20-23-33)32(37,26-10-5-3-6-11-26)27-12-7-4-8-13-27/h3-8,10-13,15-18,28-29,34,37H,9,14,19-23H2,1-2H3,(H,35,36)
InChI KeyRWTNPBWLLIMQHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. Diphenylmethanes are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassDiphenylmethanes
Direct ParentDiphenylmethanes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Diphenylmethane
  • Phenylbutylamine
  • Phenylpropane
  • Aralkylamine
  • Piperidine
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Amino acid
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point142.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM226.930932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0027 g/LALOGPS
logP5.02ALOGPS
logP2.94ChemAxon
logS-5.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.04ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.01ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area81 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity147.98 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability57.42 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+217.20231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-210.18331661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+211.23230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-208.83730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-241.7230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+217.14530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+224.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+222.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+225.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+226.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-214.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-216.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-219.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
FexofenadineCC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C14396.4Standard polar33892256
FexofenadineCC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C13456.4Standard non polar33892256
FexofenadineCC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C14047.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Fexofenadine,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C14130.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C14068.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,1TMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C14125.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C13929.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C13979.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C13904.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,3TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C13783.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C14355.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C14287.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C14357.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C14324.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(O)CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)C=C14417.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C14339.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Fexofenadine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C(CCCN2CCC(C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C14409.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-0912400000-d47ca5514638bcd480932017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-1931153000-7fd2e3b3cc17ae068da62017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine GC-MS (TBDMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-0005900000-17ae091cc3d9ba9c62f32017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-0396000000-be2d6fedab983b50c2802017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1970000000-c78b1c745afc54f58e012017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-0920000000-9ad3dc88e743866c23ca2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0btj-0900000000-66a31911b29382b937452017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-ce2d00bbddc284806cb02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-2622c1f2ddb4bff3f93d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0159-0000910000-0afa1079fbe9a822e35c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-1920200000-1163d721ce08480aea712017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-1910000000-c593678096415da5efb22017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-002f-2900000000-01de1f32826ab55693012017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-002f-3900000000-72f624b2d6e05d29cb722017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-0296000000-08bc8f52b1adac426d922021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 45V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1970000000-7a763967a0e22ba5aee42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 15V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-0004900000-264e1e3683f099cd4d182021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 45V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00xr-1920200000-f89d210776b04ca1a4f12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0159-0000910000-e86af4100fbcd4806c842021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 15V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-9d409ff3e4f83806f5ac2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f89-0001930000-b9b7ff78564293a249b02016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0541-0212900000-ab3069ba65212a7da3022016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000g-1985500000-f990cf713f3191736f102016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0100690000-e140f2c9a1bcece115e32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zj0-4223930000-8c8b81776964fc2cb3682016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004u-9651000000-b823e5714fa6afb8f50f2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Fexofenadine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-0000980000-811ef09a2d84417ca55c2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal
      Not Available
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal
      Not Available
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3231
KEGG Compound IDC06999
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFexofenadine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID5050
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceCarr, Albert A.; Dolfini, Joseph E.; Wright, George J. Piperidine derivatives with antihistamine action. Ger. Offen. (1980), 39 pp. CODEN: GWXXBX DE 3007498 19801023 CAN 94:156758 AN 1981:156758
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Cvetkovic M, Leake B, Fromm MF, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB: OATP and P-glycoprotein transporters mediate the cellular uptake and excretion of fexofenadine. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Aug;27(8):866-71. [PubMed:10421612 ]
  2. Tashiro M, Sakurada Y, Iwabuchi K, Mochizuki H, Kato M, Aoki M, Funaki Y, Itoh M, Iwata R, Wong DF, Yanai K: Central effects of fexofenadine and cetirizine: measurement of psychomotor performance, subjective sleepiness, and brain histamine H1-receptor occupancy using 11C-doxepin positron emission tomography. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;44(8):890-900. [PubMed:15286093 ]
  3. Simons FE, Silver NA, Gu X, Simons KJ: Clinical pharmacology of H1-antihistamines in the skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Nov;110(5):777-83. [PubMed:12417888 ]
  4. Purohit A, Duvernelle C, Melac M, Pauli G, Frossard N: Twenty-four hours of activity of cetirizine and fexofenadine in the skin. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Apr;86(4):387-92. [PubMed:11345280 ]
  5. Inoue T, Katoh N, Kishimoto S, Matsunaga K: Inhibitory effects of oral prednisolone and fexofenadine on skin responses by prick tests with histamine and compound 48/80. J Dermatol Sci. 2002 Dec;30(3):180-4. [PubMed:12443840 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system
Gene Name:
HRH1
Uniprot ID:
P35367
Molecular weight:
55783.6