Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2009-07-25 00:04:22 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:27 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0012633
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB12633
Metabolite Identification
Common Name20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4
Description20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 is formed when leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is metabolized by beta-oxidation. LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 8632343 , 9667737 ). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways.
Structure
Data?1582753070
Synonyms
ValueSource
(5S,12R)-Dihydroxy-(6Z,8E,14Z)-eicosatrien-1,20-dicarboxylic acid anionHMDB
10,11-dihydro-20-COOH-Leukotriene b(,4)HMDB
20-Carboxy-10,11-dihydro-LTB(,4)HMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H32O6
Average Molecular Weight368.4645
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight368.219888756
IUPAC Name(5R,6Z,8E,12R,14Z)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,14-trienedioic acid
Traditional Name(5R,6Z,8E,12R,14Z)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,14-trienedioic acid
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
O[C@H](CC\C=C\C=C/[C@H](O)CCCC(O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H32O6/c21-17(11-6-2-1-3-9-15-19(23)24)12-7-4-5-8-13-18(22)14-10-16-20(25)26/h2,4-6,8,13,17-18,21-22H,1,3,7,9-12,14-16H2,(H,23,24)(H,25,26)/b5-4+,6-2-,13-8-/t17-,18-/m0/s1
InChI KeyBCZGHMCTSJAJRR-NSBXBVANSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentLong-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.04 g/LALOGPS
logP3.17ALOGPS
logP3.01ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.27ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area115.06 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count16ChemAxon
Refractivity103.69 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability41.85 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+193.07831661259
DarkChem[M-H]-190.9931661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+194.47530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-192.11730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-226.3930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+201.61730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+194.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+191.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+196.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+197.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-192.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-194.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-197.232859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. 6.49 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202213.7689 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20222.23 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid87.1 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2528.2 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid213.3 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid167.4 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid183.4 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid270.2 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid551.1 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid426.5 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)180.7 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1229.4 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid502.3 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1260.0 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid364.9 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid366.0 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate510.0 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA195.9 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water10.6 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4O[C@H](CC\C=C\C=C/[C@H](O)CCCC(O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O5078.7Standard polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4O[C@H](CC\C=C\C=C/[C@H](O)CCCC(O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O2755.0Standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4O[C@H](CC\C=C\C=C/[C@H](O)CCCC(O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O3153.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O3294.4Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O3327.7Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O3247.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O3249.6Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3278.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCCC(=O)O3329.6Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3269.3Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3284.5Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C3283.8Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TMS,isomer #6C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C3230.2Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3265.7Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3217.8Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3264.2Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3240.9Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C3222.5Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O3540.3Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O3578.1Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O3509.7Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,1TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O3515.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3759.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCCC(=O)O3806.8Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3751.5Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3775.6Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@@H](O)C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3773.8Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,2TBDMS,isomer #6CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3714.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4010.3Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@H](O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3958.0Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@H](/C=C\C=C\CC[C@H](C/C=C\CCCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4008.5Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@H](O)CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3973.2Semi standard non polar33892256
20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\C[C@@H](CC/C=C/C=C\[C@@H](CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4166.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0udl-4889000000-0a4f17f36e62072ae21d2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-5225978000-f1db1f862df91cbb40af2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f89-0009000000-d74896386373a1dbe9442017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pc0-0149000000-83e1daac8c24e02218372017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-06rf-4393000000-39afb365256d684199802017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-0009000000-feb029926b28e7c9919c2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052b-0009000000-7b3856c8ffa4342ac9da2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9233000000-9552f0ef691bec8e53192017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000t-0009000000-a46691ffc8aa2920cf132021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-4119000000-7a20b974ecb973a84b402021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4m-6195000000-02eb968528b4b5dceae82021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zgi-0039000000-32a96f33763e32061ee22021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0095000000-82183d31ed2467145c472021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00m0-3290000000-9b5e834eb946d1c1bf1b2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB029158
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID30776642
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound53481507
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Powell WS, Rokach J, Khanapure SP, Manna S, Hashefi M, Gravel S, Macleod RJ, Falck JR, Bhatt RK: Effects of metabolites of leukotriene B4 on human neutrophil migration and cytosolic calcium levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Feb;276(2):728-36. [PubMed:8632343 ]
  2. Primiano T, Li Y, Kensler TW, Trush MA, Sutter TR: Identification of dithiolethione-inducible gene-1 as a leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase: implications for chemoprevention. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jun;19(6):999-1005. [PubMed:9667737 ]
  3. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  4. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  5. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  6. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  7. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.