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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for L-Malic acid (HMDB00156)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:57:43
Accession Number HMDB00156
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name L-Malic acid
Description Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. In its ionized form it is malate, an intermediate of the TCA cycle along with fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate as one of the anaplerotic reactions. Apples contain malic acid, which contributes to the sourness of a green apple. Malic acid can make a wine taste tart, although the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness. (wikipedia)
Synonyms
  1. (-)-(S)-Malate
  2. (-)-(S)-Malic acid
  3. (-)-Hydroxysuccinate
  4. (-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
  5. (-)-L-Malic acid
  6. (-)-Malic acid
  7. (2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
  8. (2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
  9. (S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
  10. (S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
  11. (S)-Hydroxybutanedioate
  12. (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
  13. (S)-Malic acid
  14. (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate
  15. (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioic acid
  16. Apple acid
  17. L-(-)-Malic acid
  18. L-Apple acid
  19. L-Hydroxybutanedioate
  20. L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
  21. L-Hydroxysuccinate
  22. L-Hydroxysuccinic acid
  23. Malic acid
  24. S-(-)-Malate
  25. S-(-)-Malic acid
  26. S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
  27. S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Chemical Formula C4H6O5
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Organic acids
Class
  • Dicarboxylic Acids
Sub Class
  • Short chain dicarboxylic acids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • carboxylic acid
  • alpha-hydroxyacid
Biofunction
  • Component of Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
  • Component of Pyruvate metabolism
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 134.087
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 134.021530
Isomeric SMILES O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES OC(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C00149 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 34045 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Apple acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00156 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00156 Link Image
METLIN ID 118 Link Image
PubChem Compound 222656 Link Image
PubChem Substance 827429 Link Image
ChEBI ID 15589 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 97-67-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference McKenzie, Alex.; Plenderleith, H. J.; Walker, Nellie. Optical activation of racemic acid by d-malic acid. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions (1923), 123 2875-80.
Melting Point (Experimental) 107 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 218.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -2
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.87 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.5 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
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Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
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Medium Energy
Download File
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High Energy
Download File
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Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
BMRB Spectrum Show Image
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Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cellular Cytoplasm
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 12.0 (0.0-21.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 3.2 +/- 0.9 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Cellular Cytoplasm
Value 3200 (2800-3600) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 3.0 +/- 3.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 2.63 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.46 +/- 0.79 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 36.1(12.4-121.6) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 9.0 (2.2-19.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 8.3 (2.8-30.1) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Cellular Cytoplasm
Value 480 (470-490) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Anoxia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 38.9 (25.5-93.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Condition Abnormal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Anoxia
  • Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Citric Acid Cycle SMP00057 Link Image map00020 Link Image
Pyruvate Metabolism SMP00060 Link Image map00620 Link Image
Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria SMP00466 Link Image
General References
  1. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Fang TJ, Dalmasso JP: Antimicrobial activity of sulfur dioxide to certain lactic acid bacteria isolated from wines. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1993 Aug;26(3):116-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Splittstoesser DF, McLellan MR, Churey JJ: Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice. J Food Prot. 1996 Mar;59(3):226-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Denayrolles M, Aigle M, Lonvaud-Funel A: Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding Lactococcus lactis malolactic enzyme: relationships with malic enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Feb 1;116(1):79-86. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. NADP-dependent malic enzyme
  2. Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  3. NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor
  4. Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
  5. NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor
  6. Fumarate hydratase (Fumarate hydratase, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA, FLJ92753, Homo sapiens fumarate hydratase (FH), nuclear gene encodingmitochondrial protein, mRNA)
  7. cDNA, FLJ92645, Homo sapiens malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) (MDH1), mRNA (Malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (Soluble), isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 6138
Enzyme 1 Name NADP-dependent malic enzyme
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. NADP-ME
  2. Malic enzyme 1
Enzyme 1 Gene Name ME1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >NADP-dependent malic enzyme 
MEPEAPRRRHTHQRGYLLTRNPHLNKDLAFTLEERQQLNIHGLLPPSFNSQEIQVLRVVK
NFEHLNSDFDRYLLLMDLQDRNEKLFYRVLTSDIEKFMPIVYTPTVGLACQQYSLVFRKP
RGLFITIHDRGHIASVLNAWPEDVIKAIVVTDGERILGLGDLGCNGMGIPVGKLALYTAC
GGMNPQECLPVILDVGTENEELLKDPLYIGLRQRRVRGSEYDDFLDEFMEAVSSKYGMNC
LIQFEDFANVNAFRLLNKYRNQYCTFNDDIQGTASVAVAGLLAALRITKNKLSDQTILFQ
GAGEAALGIAHLIVMALEKEGLPKEKAIKKIWLVDSKGLIVKGRASLTQEKEKFAHEHEE
MKNLEAIVQEIKPTALIGVAAIGGAFSEQILKDMAAFNERPIIFALSNPTSKAECSAEQC
YKITKGRAIFASGSPFDPVTLPNGQTLYPGQGNNSYVFPGVALGVVACGLRQITDNIFLT
TAEVIAQQVSDKHLEEGRLYPPLNTIRDVSLKIAEKIVKDAYQEKTATVYPEPQNKEAFV
RSQMYSTDYDQILPDCYSWPEEVQKIQTKVDQ
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 572
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 64150
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.01
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • NAD binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • coenzyme binding
  • cofactor binding
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • malic enzyme activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 1 Specific Function (S)-malate + NADP(+) = pyruvate + CO(2) + NADPH
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 495123 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48163 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MAOX_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1719 bp 
ATGGAGCCCGAAGCCCCCCGTCGCCGCCACACCCATCAGCGCGGCTACCTGCTGACACGG
AACCCTCACCTCAACAAGGACTTGGCCTTTACCCTGGAAGAGAGACAGCAATTGAACATT
CATGGATTGTTGCCACCTTCCTTCAACAGTCAGGAGATCCAGGTTCTTAGAGTAGTAAAA
AATTTCGAGCATCTGAACTCTGACTTTGACAGGTATCTTCTCTTAATGGATCTCCAAGAT
AGAAATGAAAAACTCTTTTATAGAGTGCTGACATCTGACATTGAGAAATTCATGCCTATT
GTTTATACTCCCACTGTGGGTCTGGCTTGCCAACAATATAGTTTGGTGTTTCGGAAGCCA
AGAGGTCTCTTTATTACTATCCACGATCGAGGGCATATTGCTTCAGTTCTCAATGCATGG
CCAGAAGATGTCATCAAGGCCATTGTGGTGACTGATGGAGAGCGTATTCTTGGCTTGGGA
GACCTTGGCTGTAATGGAATGGGCATCCCTGTGGGTAAATTGGCTCTATATACAGCTTGC
GGAGGGATGAATCCTCAAGAATGTCTGCCTGTCATTCTGGATGTGGGAACCGAAAATGAG
GAGTTACTTAAAGATCCACTCTACATTGGACTACGGCAGAGAAGAGTAAGAGGTTCTGAA
TATGATGATTTTTTGGACGAATTCATGGAGGCAGTTTCTTCCAAGTATGGCATGAATTGC
CTTATTCAGTTTGAAGATTTTGCCAATGTGAATGCATTTCGTCTCCTGAACAAGTATCGA
AACCAGTATTGCACATTCAATGATGATATTCAAGGAACAGCATCTGTTGCAGTTGCAGGT
CTCCTTGCAGCTCTTCGAATAACCAAGAACAAACTGTCTGATCAAACAATACTATTCCAA
GGAGCTGGAGAGGCTGCCCTAGGGATTGCACACCTGATTGTGATGGCCTTGGAAAAAGAA
GGTTTACCAAAAGAGAAAGCCATCAAAAAGATATGGCTGGTTGATTCAAAAGGATTAATA
GTTAAGGGACGTGCTTCCTTAACACAAGAGAAAGAGAAGTTTGCCCATGAACATGAAGAA
ATGAAGAACCTAGAAGCCATTGTTCAAGAAATAAAACCAACTGCCCTCATAGGAGTTGCT
GCAATTGGTGGTGCATTCTCAGAACAAATTCTCAAAGATATGGCTGCCTTCAATGAACGG
CCTATTATTTTTGCTTTGAGTAATCCAACTAGCAAAGCAGAATGTTCTGCAGAGCAGTGC
TACAAAATAACCAAGGGACGTGCAATTTTTGCCAGTGGCAGTCCTTTTGATCCAGTCACT
CTTCCAAATGGACAGACCCTATATCCTGGCCAAGGCAACAATTCCTACGTGTTCCCTGGA
GTTGCTCTTGGTGTTGTGGCGTGTGGATTGAGGCAGATCACAGATAATATTTTCCTCACT
ACTGCTGAGGTTATAGCTCAGCAAGTGTCAGATAAACACTTGGAAGAGGGTCGGCTTTAT
CCTCCTTTGAATACCATTAGAGATGTTTCTCTGAAAATTGCAGAAAAGATTGTGAAAGAT
GCATACCAAGAAAAGACAGCCACAGTTTATCCTGAACCGCAAAACAAAGAAGCATTTGTC
CGCTCCCAGATGTATAGTACTGATTATGACCAGATTCTACCTGATTGTTATTCTTGGCCT
GAAGAGGTGCAGAAAATACAGACCAAAGTTGACCAGTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X77244 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID ME1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID ME1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:6983 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 1 Locus 6q12
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Loeber G, Dworkin MB, Infante A, Ahorn H: Characterization of cytosolic malic enzyme in human tumor cells. FEBS Lett. 1994 May 16;344(2-3):181-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gonzalez-Manchon C, Ferrer M, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R: Cloning, sequencing and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a NADP-dependent malic enzyme from human liver. Gene. 1995 Jul 4;159(2):255-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chou WY, Huang SM, Chang GG: Nonidentity of the cDNA sequence of human breast cancer cell malic enzyme to that from the normal human cell. J Protein Chem. 1996 Apr;15(3):273-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 6139
Enzyme 2 Name Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 2 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Name MDH2
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor 
MLSALARPVSAALRRSFSTSAQNNAKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAH
TPGVAADLSHIETKAAVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATI
VATLTAACAQHCPEAMICVIANPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANTF
VAELKGLDPARVNVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLTALTGRIQEAGTEVVKA
KAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETECTYFSTPLLLGKKGIE
KNLGIGKVSSFEEKMISDAIPELKASIKKGEDFVKTLK
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 338
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 35532
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.90
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • L-malate dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Process
  • alcohol metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • glucose catabolism
  • glucose metabolism
  • glycolysis
  • hexose metabolism
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • monosaccharide metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 2 Specific Function (S)-malate + NAD(+) = oxaloacetate + NADH
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-11
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 2906146 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P40926 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MDHM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1MLD Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1017 bp 
ATGCTCTCCGCCCTCGCCCGGCCTGTCAGCGCTGCTCTCCGCCGCAGCTTCAGCACCTCA
GCCCAGAACAATGCTAAAGTAGCTGTGCTAGGGGCCTCTGGAGGCATCGGGCAGCCACTT
TCACTTCTCCTGAAGAACAGCCCCTTGGTGAGCCGCCTGACCCTCTATGATATCGCGCAC
ACACCCGGAGTGGCCGCAGATCTGAGCCACATCGAGACCAAAGCCGCTGTGAAAGGCTAC
CTCGGACCTGAACAGCTGCCTGACTGCCTGAAAGGTTGTGATGTGGTAGTTATTCCGGCT
GGAGTCCCCAGAAAGCCAGGCATGACCCGGGACGACCTGTTCAACACCAATGCCACGATT
GTGGCCACCCTGACCGCTGCCTGTGCCCAGCACTGCCCGGAAGCCATGATCTGCGTCATT
GCCAATCCGGTTAATTCCACCATCCCCATCACAGCAGAAGTTTTCAAGAAGCATGGAGTG
TACAACCCCAACAAAATCTTCGGCGTGACGACCCTGGACATCGTCAGAGCCAACACCTTT
GTTGCAGAGCTGAAGGGTTTGGATCCAGCTCGAGTCAACGTCCCTGTCATTGGTGGCCAT
GCTGGGAAGACCATCATCCCCCTGATCTCTCAGTGCACCCCCAAGGTGGACTTTCCCCAG
GACCAGCTGACAGCACTCACTGGGCGGATCCAGGAGGCCGGCACGGAGGTGGTCAAGGCT
AAAGCCGGAGCAGGCTCTGCCACCCTCTCCATGGCGTATGCCGGCGCCCGCTTTGTCTTC
TCCCTTGTGGATGCAATGAATGGAAAGGAAGGTGTTGTGGAATGTTCCTTCGTTAAGTCA
CAGGAAACGGAATGTACCTACTTCTCCACACCGCTGCTGCTTGGGAAAAAGGGCATCGAG
AAGAACCTGGGCATCGGCAAAGTCTCCTCTTTTGAGGAGAAGATGATCTCGGATGCCATC
CCCGAGCTGAAGGCCTCCATCAAGAAGGGGGAAGATTTCGTGAAGACCCTGAAGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AF047470 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID MDH2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID MDH2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:6971 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 7
Enzyme 2 Locus 7p12.3-q11.2
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References Not Available
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 6140
Enzyme 3 Name NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. NADP-ME
  2. Malic enzyme 3
Enzyme 3 Gene Name ME3
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor 
MGAALGTGTRLAPWPGRACGALPRWTPTAPAQGCHSKPGPARPVPLKKRGYDVTRNPHLN
KGMAFTLEERLQLGIHGLIPPCFLSQDVQLLRIMRYYERQQSDLDKYIILMTLQDRNEKL
FYRVLTSDVEKFMPIVYTPTVGLACQHYGLTFRRPRGLFITIHDKGHLATMLNSWPEDNI
KAVVVTDGERILGLGDLGCYGMGIPVGKLALYTACGGVNPQQCLPVLLDVGTNNEELLRD
PLYIGLKHQRVHGKAYDDLLDEFMQAVTDKFGINCLIQFEDFANANAFRLLNKYRNKYCM
FNDDIQGTASVAVAGILAALRITNNKLSNHVFVFQGAGEAAMGIAHLLVMALEKEGVPKA
EATRKIWMVDSKGLIVKGRSHLNHEKEMFAQDHPEVNSLEEVVRLVKPTAIIGVAAIAGA
FTEQILRDMASFHERPIIFALSNPTSKAECTAEKCYRVTEGRGIFASGSPFKSVTLEDGK
TFIPGQGNNAYVFPGVALGVIAGGIRHIPDEIFLLTAEQIAQEVSEQHLSQGRLYPPLST
IRDVSLRIAIKVLDYAYKHNLASYYPEPKDKEAFVRSLVYTPDYDSFTLDSYTWPKEAMN
VQTV
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 604
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 67055
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.92
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • NAD binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • coenzyme binding
  • cofactor binding
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • malic enzyme activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 3 Specific Function (S)-malate + NADP(+) = pyruvate + CO(2) + NADPH
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 535012 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16798 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MAON_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1815 bp 
ATGGGTGCCGCGCTGGGGACAGGCACGCGGCTGGCTCCCTGGCCGGGCCGGGCCTGCGGC
GCCCTCCCGCGCTGGACACCCACCGCGCCCGCCCAAGGCTGCCACTCCAAGCCTGGCCCG
GCGCGCCCTGTGCCCCTGAAGAAGCGCGGATACGATGTCACCAGGAACCCTCATCTCAAC
AAGGGGATGGCCTTTACCCTTGAAGAAAGGCTGCAGCTTGGAATCCACGGCCTAATCCCG
CCCTGCTTTCTGAGCCAGGACGTCCAGCTCCTCCGAATCATGAGATATTACGAGCGGCAG
CAGAGTGACCTGGACAAGTACATCATTCTCATGACACTCCAAGACCGGAACGAGAAGCTC
TTCTACCGAGTGCTGACTTCGGATGTGGAGAAGTTCATGCCAATCGTGTACACGCCTACC
GTGGGGCTGGCCTGTCAGCACTATGGCCTGACTTTCCGCAGGCCCCGTGGACTGTTCATC
ACCATTCATGACAAAGGTCATCTTGCAACAATGCTGAATTCTTGGCCAGAAGACAATATT
AAGGCCGTGGTGGTGACTGATGGGGAGCGCATCCTGGGCCTGGGAGACCTGGGCTGCTAC
GGCATGGGCATCCCTGTGGGCAAGCTGGCCCTGTACACGGCATGCGGAGGGGTGAACCCG
CAGCAGTGCCTCCCTGTGCTGCTGGACGTCGGCACCAACAATGAGGAGCTGCTCAGAGAC
CCTCTGTACATCGGCCTGAAACACCAGCGCGTGCACGGGAAGGCATACGATGACTTGCTG
GATGAGTTCATGCAGGCTGTGACAGACAAGTTTGGAATAAATTGCCTCATCCAATTTGAA
GACTTCGCCAATGCCAATGCCTTCCGCCTGCTCAACAAATACCGTAACAAGTACTGCATG
TTCAATGATGACATCCAAGGCACAGCCTCCGTTGCTGTGGCAGGGATCTTGGCTGCTCTG
CGAATCACCAACAACAAGCTTTCCAATCACGTGTTTGTTTTCCAAGGTGCAGGCGAGGCA
GCTATGGGCATTGCCCACCTCCTTGTCATGGCCCTAGAGAAAGAAGGTGTACCGAAGGCA
GAGGCCACAAGAAAGATCTGGATGGTGGACTCTAAAGGGCTCATTGTCAAGGGGAGGAGC
CACCTGAACCATGAAAAGGAGATGTTTGCCCAAGACCATCCTGAAGTCAACTCCCTGGAG
GAGGTGGTGAGGCTGGTGAAGCCCACAGCCATCATAGGTGTTGCTGCCATCGCAGGAGCC
TTCACGGAGCAGATTCTGAGGGACATGGCCTCCTTCCACGAGCGCCCTATCATCTTTGCC
CTGAGCAACCCCACCAGCAAGGCCGAGTGCACGGCTGAGAAGTGCTACCGGGTCACCGAG
GGCCGAGGGATTTTTGCCAGTGGAAGTCCTTTTAAGAGTGTGACTCTGGAAGATGGCAAG
ACCTTCATTCCTGGGCAGGGAAACAATGCTTACGTGTTCCCCGGGGTGGCACTGGGAGTC
ATCGCCGGCGGGATCCGGCACATCCCAGATGAGATCTTCCTCCTGACAGCAGAGCAAATT
GCCCAGGAAGTCTCTGAGCAGCATCTGTCCCAGGGGAGACTCTATCCACCACTCAGCACC
ATCCGAGACGTGTCTTTGAGAATTGCCATCAAAGTTCTCGACTACGCGTACAAACACAAC
CTGGCTTCCTACTACCCAGAGCCTAAGGACAAGGAGGCTTTTGTAAGATCCCTGGTCTAC
ACTCCAGACTATGACTCCTTTACACTGGACAGCTACACTTGGCCCAAGGAAGCCATGAAT
GTTCAGACGGTCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID X79440 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID ME3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID ME3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:6985 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 3 Locus 11cen-q22.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Loeber G, Maurer-Fogy I, Schwendenwein R: Purification, cDNA cloning and heterologous expression of the human mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme. Biochem J. 1994 Dec 15;304 ( Pt 3):687-92. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 6141
Enzyme 4 Name Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
Enzyme 4 Gene Name MDH1
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic 
MSEPIRVLVTGAAGQIAYSLLYSIGNGSVFGKDQPIILVLLDITPMMGVLDGVLMELQDC
ALPLLKDVIATDKEDVAFKDLDVAILVGSMPRREGMERKDLLKANVKIFKSQGAALDKYA
KKSVKVIVVGNPANTNCLTASKSAPSIPKENFSCLTRLDHNRAKAQIALKLGVTANDVKN
VIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHAKVKLQGKEVGVYEALKDDSWLKGEFVTTVQQRGAAVIKARKL
SSAMSAAKAICDHVRDIWFGTPEGEFVSMGVISDGNSYGVPDDLLYSFPVVIKNKTWKFV
EGLPINDFSREKMDLTAKELTEEKESAFEFLSSA
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 334
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 36426
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.45
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • L-malate dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Process
  • alcohol metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • glucose catabolism
  • glucose metabolism
  • glycolysis
  • hexose metabolism
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • monosaccharide metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 4 Specific Function (S)-malate + NAD(+) = oxaloacetate + NADH
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 1255604 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P40925 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MDHC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID 5MDH Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB File Show
Enzyme 4 3D Structure
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1005 bp 
ATGTCTGAACCAATCAGAGTCCTTGTGACTGGAGCAGCTGGTCAAATTGCATATTCACTG
CTGTACAGTATTGGAAATGGATCTGTCTTTGGTAAAGATCAGCCTATAATTCTTGTGCTG
TTGGATATCACCCCCATGATGGGTGTCCTGGACGGTGTCCTAATGGAACTGCAAGACTGT
GCCCTTCCCCTCCTGAAAGATGTCATCGCAACAGATAAAGAAGACGTTGCCTTCAAAGAC
CTGGATGTGGCCATTCTTGTGGGCTCCATGCCAAGAAGGGAAGGCATGGAGAGAAAAGAT
TTACTGAAAGCAAATGTGAAAATCTTCAAATCCCAGGGTGCAGCCTTAGATAAATACGCC
AAGAAGTCAGTTAAGGTTATTGTTGTGGGTAATCCAGCCAATACCAACTGCCTGACTGCT
TCCAAGTCAGCTCCATCCATCCCCAAGGAGAACTTCAGTTGCTTGACTCGTTTGGATCAC
AACCGAGCTAAAGCTCAAATTGCTCTTAAACTTGGTGTGACTGCTAATGATGTAAAGAAT
GTCATTATCTGGGGAAACCATTCCTCGACTCAGTATCCAGATGTCAACCATGCCAAGGTG
AAATTGCAAGGAAAGGAAGTTGGTGTTTATGAAGCTCTGAAAGATGACAGCTGGCTCAAG
GGAGAATTTGTCACGACTGTGCAGCAGCGTGGCGCTGCTGTCATCAAGGCTCGAAAACTA
TCCAGTGCCATGTCTGCTGCAAAAGCCATCTGTGACCACGTCAGGGACATCTGGTTTGGA
ACCCCAGAGGGAGAGTTTGTGTCCATGGGTGTTATCTCTGATGGCAACTCCTATGGTGTT
CCTGATGATCTGCTCTACTCATTCCCTGTTGTAATCAAGAATAAGACCTGGAAGTTTGTT
GAAGGTCTCCCTATTAATGATTTCTCACGTGAGAAGATGGATCTTACTGCAAAGGAACTG
ACAGAAGAAAAAGAAAGTGCTTTTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTGCCTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID D55654 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID MDH1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID MDH1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:6970 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 4 Locus 2p13.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Tanaka T, Inazawa J, Nakamura Y: Molecular cloning and mapping of a human cDNA for cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH1). Genomics. 1996 Feb 15;32(1):128-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994. Electrophoresis. 1994 Nov;15(11):1459-65. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 6143
Enzyme 5 Name NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. NAD-ME
  2. Malic enzyme 2
Enzyme 5 Gene Name ME2
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial precursor 
MLSRLRVVSTTCTLACRHLHIKEKGKPLMLNPRTNKGMAFTLQERQMLGLQGLLPPKIET
QDIQALRFHRNLKKMTSPLEKYIYIMGIQERNEKLFYRILQDDIESLMPIVYTPTVGLAC
SQYGHIFRRPKGLFISISDRGHVRSIVDNWPENHVKAVVVTDGERILGLGDLGVYGMGIP
VGKLCLYTACAGIRPDRCLPVCIDVGTDNIALLKDPFYMGLYQKRDRTQQYDDLIDEFMK
AITDRYGRNTLIQFEDFGNHNAFRFLRKYREKYCTFNDDIQGTAAVALAGLLAAQKVISK
PISEHKILFLGAGEAALGIANLIVMSMVENGLSEQEAQKKIWMFDKYGLLVKGRKAKIDS
YQEPFTHSAPESIPDTFEDAVNILKPSTIIGVAGAGRLFTPDVIRAMASINERPVIFALS
NPTAQAECTAEEAYTLTEGRCLFASGSPFGPVKLTDGRVFTPGQGNNVYIFPGVALAVIL
CNTRHISDSVFLEAAKALTSQLTDEELAQGRLYPPLANIQEVSINIAIKVTEYLYANKMA
FRYPEPEDKAKYVKERTWRSEYDSLLPDVYEWPESASSPPVITE
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 584
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 65444
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.67
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • NAD binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • coenzyme binding
  • cofactor binding
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • malic enzyme activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 5 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 5 Specific Function (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO(2) + NADH
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • 1-15
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 187300 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P23368 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MAOM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID 1QR6 Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB File Show
Enzyme 5 3D Structure
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1755 bp 
ATGTTGTCCCGGTTAAGAGTAGTTTCCACCACTTGTACTTTGGCATGTCGACATTTGCAC
ATAAAAGAAAAAGGCAAGCCACTTATGCTGAACCCAAGAACAAACAAGGGAATGGCATTT
ACTTTACAAGAACGACAAATGCTTGGTCTTCAAGGACTTCTACCTCCCAAAATAGAGACA
CAAGATATTCAAGCCTTACGATTTCATAGAAACTTGAAGAAAATGACTAGCCCTTTGGAA
AAATATATCTACATAATGGGAATACAAGAAAGAAATGAGAAATTGTTTTATAGAATACTG
CAAGATGACATTGAGAGTTTAATGCCAATTGTATATACACCGACGGTTGGTCTTGCCTGC
TCCCAGTATGGACACATCTTTAGAAGACCTAAGGGATTATTTATTTCGATCTCAGACAGA
GGTCATGTTAGATCAATTGTGGATAACTGGCCAGAAAATCATGTTAAGGCTGTTGTAGTG
ACTGATGGAGAGAGAATTCTGGGTCTTGGAGATCTGGGTGTCTATGGAATGGGAATTCCA
GTAGGAAAACTTTGTTTGTATACAGCTTGTGCAGGAATACGGCCTGATAGATGCCTGCCA
GTGTGTATTGATGTGGGAACTGATAATATCGCACTCTTAAAAGACCCATTTTACATGGGC
TTGTACCAGAAACGAGATCGCACACAACAGTATGATGACCTGATTGATGAGTTTATGAAA
GCTATTACTGACAGATATGGCCGGAACACACTCATTCAGTTCGAAGACTTTGGAAATCAT
AATGCATTCAGGTTCTTGAGAAAGTACCGAGAAAAATATTGTACTTTCAATGATGATATT
CAAGGGACAGCTGCAGTAGCTCTAGCAGGTCTTCTTGCAGCACAAAAAGTTATTAGTAAA
CCAATCTCCGAACACAAAATCTTATTCCTTGGAGCAGGAGAGGCTGCTCTTGGAATTGCA
AATCTTATAGTTATGTCTATGGTAGAAAATGGCCTGTCAGAACAAGAGGCACAAAAGAAA
ATCTGGATGTTTGACAAGTATGGTTTATTAGTTAAGGGACGGAAAGCAAAAATAGATAGT
TATCAGGAACCATTTACTCACTCAGCCCCAGAGAGCATACCTGATACTTTTGAAGATGCA
GTGAATATACTGAAGCCTTCAACTATTATTGGAGTTGCAGGTGCTGGCCGTCTTTTCACT
CCTGATGTAATCAGAGCCATGGCCTCTATCAATGAAAGGCCTGTAATATTTGCATTAAGT
AATCCTACAGCACAGGCAGAGTGCACGGCTGAAGAAGCATATACACTTACAGAGGGCAGG
TGTTTGTTTGCCAGTGGCAGTCCATTTGGGCCAGTGAAACTTACAGATGGGCGAGTCTTT
ACACCAGGTCAAGGAAACAATGTTTATATTTTTCCAGGTGTGGCTTTAGCTGTTATTCTC
TGTAACACCCGGCATATTAGTGACAGTGTTTTCCTAGAAGCTGCAAAGGCCCTGACAAGC
CAATTGACAGATGAAGAGCTAGCCCAAGGGAGACTTTACCCACCGCTTGCTAATATTCAG
GAAGTTTCTATTAACATTGCTATTAAAGTTACAGAATACCTATATGCTAATAAAATGGCT
TTCCGATACCCAGAACCTGAAGACAAGGCCAAATATGTTAAAGAAAGAACATGGCGGAGT
GAATATGATTCCCTGCTGCCAGATGTGTATGAATGGCCAGAATCTGCATCAAGCCCTCCT
GTGATAACAGAATAG
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID M55905 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID ME2 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID ME2 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:6984 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 18
Enzyme 5 Locus 6p25-p24|18q21
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Loeber G, Infante AA, Maurer-Fogy I, Krystek E, Dworkin MB: Human NAD(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 15;266(5):3016-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yanaihara N, Kohno T, Takakura S, Takei K, Otsuka A, Sunaga N, Takahashi M, Yamazaki M, Tashiro H, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Hagiwara K, Tanaka T, Yokota J: Physical and transcriptional map of a 311-kb segment of chromosome 18q21, a candidate lung tumor suppressor locus. Genomics. 2001 Mar 1;72(2):169-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yang Z, Lanks CW, Tong L: Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarate. Structure. 2002 Jul;10(7):951-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tao X, Yang Z, Tong L: Crystal structures of substrate complexes of malic enzyme and insights into the catalytic mechanism. Structure. 2003 Sep;11(9):1141-50. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 13015
Enzyme 6 Name Fumarate hydratase (Fumarate hydratase, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA, FLJ92753, Homo sapiens fumarate hydratase (FH), nuclear gene encodingmitochondrial protein, mRNA)
Enzyme 6 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Name FH
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Fumarate hydratase (Fumarate hydratase, isoform CRA_c) 
MYRALRLLARSRPLVRAPAAALASAPGLGGAAVPSFWPPNAARMASQNSFRIEYDTFGEL
KVPNDKYYGAQTVRSTMNFKIGGVTERMPTPVIKAFGILKRAAAEVNQDYGLDPKIANAI
MKAADEVAEGKLNDHFPLVVWQTGSGTQTNMNVNEVISNRAIEMLGGELGSKIPVHPNDH
VNKSQSSNDTFPTAMHIAAAIEVHEVLLPGLQKLHDALDAKSKEFAQIIKIGRTHTQDAV
PLTLGQEFSGYVQQVKYAMTRIKAAMPRIYELAAGGTAVGTGLNTRIGFAEKVAAKVAAL
TGLPFVTAPNKFEALAAHDALVELSGAMNTTACSLMKIANDIRFLGSGPRSGLGELILPE
NEPGSSIMPGKVNPTQCEAMTMVAAQVMGNHVAVTVGGSNGHFELNVFKPMMIKNVLHSA
RLLGDASVSFTENCVVGIQANTERINKLMNESLMLVTALNPHIGYDKAAKIAKTAHKNGS
TLKETAIELGYLTAEQFDEWVKPKDMLGPK
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 510
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 54637
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI Not Available
Enzyme 6 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 6 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B1ANK7 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B1ANK7_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID B1ANK7 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References Not Available
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 16504
Enzyme 7 Name cDNA, FLJ92645, Homo sapiens malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) (MDH1), mRNA (Malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (Soluble), isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 7 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Name MDH1
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ92645, Homo sapiens malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) (MDH1), mRNA (Malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (Soluble), isoform CRA_a) 
MSEPIRVLVTGAAGQIAYSLLYSIGNGSVFGKDQPIILVLLDITPMMGVLDGVLMELQDC
ALPLLKDVIATDKEDVAFKDLDVAILVGSMPRREGMERKDLLKANVKIFKSQGAALDKYA
KKSVKVIVVGNPANTNCLTASKSAPSIPKENFSCLTRLDHNRAKAQIALKLGVTANDVKN
VIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHAKVKLQGKEVGVYEALKDDSWLKGEFVTTVQQRGAAVIKARKL
SSAMSAAKAICDHVRDIWFGTPEGEFVSMGVISDGNSYGVPDDLLYSFPVVIKNKTWKFV
EGLPINDFSREKMDLTAKELTEEKESAFEFLSSA
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 334
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 36426
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 7.45
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • L-malate dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lactate dehydrogenase activity
  • malate dehydrogenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Process
  • alcohol metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • glucose catabolism
  • glucose metabolism
  • glycolysis
  • hexose metabolism
  • main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
  • malate metabolism
  • metabolism
  • monosaccharide metabolism
  • physiological process
  • tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 7 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 7 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 7 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R5V5 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R5V5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID 5MDH Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB File Show
Enzyme 7 3D Structure
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID AK312331 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID B2R5V5 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References Not Available
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available