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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for L-Lysine (HMDB00182)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-02-08 17:08:02 -0700
HMDB ID HMDB00182
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name L-Lysine
Description L-lysine is an essential amino acid. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more- 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for this amino acid are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinson's, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) and herpes simplex. It stops the growth of herpes simplex in culture, and has helped to reduce the number and occurrence of cold sores in clinical studies. Dosing has not been adequately studied, but beneficial clinical effects occur in doses ranging from 100 mg to 4 g a day. Higher doses may also be useful, and toxicity has not been reported in doses as high as 8 g per day. Diets high in lysine and low in arginine can be useful in the prevention and treatment of herpes. Some researchers think herpes simplex virus is involved in many other diseases related to cranial nerves such as migraines, Bell's palsy and Meniere's disease. Herpes blister fluid will produce fatal encephalitis in the rabbit. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. (+)-S-Lysine
  2. (S)-2,6-diamino-Hexanoate
  3. (S)-2,6-diamino-Hexanoic acid
  4. (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoate
  5. (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid
  6. (S)-a,e-Diaminocaproate
  7. (S)-a,e-Diaminocaproic acid
  8. (S)-Lysine
  9. 2,6-Diaminohexanoate
  10. 2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid
  11. 6-Amino-Aminutrin
  12. 6-Amino-L-Norleucine
  13. a-Lysine
  14. alpha-Lysine
  15. Aminutrin
  16. h-Lys-oh
  17. L-(+)-Lysine
  18. L-2,6-Diainohexanoate
  19. L-2,6-Diainohexanoic acid
  20. L-2,6-Diaminocaproate
  21. L-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid
  22. L-Lys
  23. Lys
  24. Lysine
  25. Lysine acid
Chemical Formula C6H14N2O2
Average Molecular Weight 146.1876
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 146.105527702
IUPAC Name (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name L-lysine
CAS Registry Number 56-87-1
SMILES NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1
InChI Key KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Class Amino Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class Alpha Amino Acids and Derivatives
Other Descriptors
  • Aliphatic Acyclic Compounds
  • Amino Fatty Acids
  • Common amino acids(KEGG)
  • L-alpha-amino acid(ChEBI)
  • Organic Compounds
  • Straight Chain Fatty Acids
  • lysine(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • Carboxylic Acid
  • Polyamine
  • Primary Aliphatic Amine (Alkylamine)
Direct Parent Alpha Amino Acids and Derivatives
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Food
  • Plant
  • Drug
Biofunction
  • Component of Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
  • Component of Lysine biosynthesis
  • Essential amino acids
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
State Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point 224.5 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL Not Available
LogP -3.05 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 105 g/L ALOGPS
LogP -3.76 ALOGPS
LogP -3.2 ChemAxon
LogS -0.14 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 2.74 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 10.29 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 3 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 89.34 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 5 ChemAxon
Refractivity 37.81 ChemAxon
Polarizability 16.01 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 0 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon
Spectra
Gas-MS Spectrum
1H NMR Spectrum
13C NMR Spectrum
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 10
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 25
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40
[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Peroxisome
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Location
  • All Tissues
  • Prostate
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Transcription/Translation SMP00019 Not Available
Lysine Degradation SMP00037 map00310 Link_out
Biotin Metabolism SMP00066 map00780 Link_out
Carnitine Synthesis SMP00465 Not Available
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
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190.0 +/- 60.0 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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164.0 +/- 28.0 uM Children (1-13 year old) Female Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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198.0 +/- 31.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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183.0 +/- 34.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Female Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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434.0 +/- 23.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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178.6 +/- 58.2 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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188.0 (156.0-220.0) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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21.7 +/- 3.7 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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29.0 +/- 13.0 uM Not Specified Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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27.7 +/- 8.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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31.5 +/- 5.7 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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25.7 +/- 5.3 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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23.9 (18.1-29.7) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Saliva Detected and Quantified
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>10 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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31.45 +/- 52.32 umol/mmol creatinine Infant (0-1 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
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Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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3.42-75.29 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
10.9(2.105-19.7) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
17.2 (3.7-51.3) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal urine by NMR
Urine Detected and Quantified
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0.0026 - 0.0388 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
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Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Urine compound detected by GC-MS
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
10.28 +/- 5.34 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.9 (0.17-1.84) umol/mmol creatinine Newborn (0-30 days old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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32.0 +/- 27.0 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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29.0 +/- 21.7 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Female Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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17.9 (3.6-56.1) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal by LC-MS/MS (Biocrates kit)
Urine Detected and Quantified
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4.7 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
128.2 +/- 55.3 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Heart Transplant Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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216.7 +/- 54.5 uM Elderly (>65 years old) Both Alzheimer's disease Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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128.0 +/- 9.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Refractory localization-related epilepsy (RLE) Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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44.6 +/- 10.8 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Alzheimer's disease Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
26.9 +/- 11.1 uM Children (1-13 year old) Not Specified Leukemia Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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21.9 +/- 6.2 uM Children (1-13 year old) Not Specified Leukemia Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with Central...
Urine Detected and Quantified
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18.0 (7.0-29.0) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency (CPS) Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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2750.0 (500.0-5000.0) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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1075.0 (150.0-2000.0) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Cystinuria Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.0039 - 0.0116 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both ADPKD Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
5.5 +/- 1.74 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Alzheimer's disease Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
18.00 (7.00-29.00) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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600.00 (200.00-1000.00) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
67.5 (10.00-125.00) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Lysinuric protein intolerance Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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101 +/- 13 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Propionic acidemia Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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452.1 +/- 60.2 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Tyrosinemia I Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
321.8 +/- 15.4 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Tyrosinemia I Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
397.5 +/- 16.6 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Aminoaciduria Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Refractory localization-related epilepsy
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. Pubmed: 14992292 Link_out
    Leukemia
    • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. Pubmed: 15911239 Link_out
      Alzheimer's disease
      • Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. Pubmed: 17031479 Link_out
        Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
          • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=CARBAMOYL%20PHOSPHATE%20SYNTHETASE%20DEFICIENCY%20(CPS)
          Cystinuria
            • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=CYSTINURIA
            Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I
              • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=HYPERDIBASIC%20AMINOACIDURIA%20I
              Lysinuric protein intolerance
                • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=LYSINURIC%20PROTEIN%20INTOLERANCE%20(LPI)
                Associated OMIM IDs
                • 104300 Link_out (Alzheimer's disease)
                • 237300 Link_out (Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency)
                • 220100 Link_out (Cystinuria)
                • 222700 Link_out (Lysinuric protein intolerance)
                • 222690 Link_out (Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I)
                DrugBank ID Not Available
                Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
                Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
                FoodDB ID FDB000474
                KNApSAcK ID C00001378 Link_out
                Chemspider ID 5747 Link_out
                KEGG Compound ID C00047 Link_out
                BioCyc ID LYS Link_out
                BiGG ID 33655 Link_out
                Wikipedia Link L-Lysine Link_out
                NuGOwiki Link HMDB00182 Link_out
                Metagene Link HMDB00182 Link_out
                METLIN ID 5200 Link_out
                PubChem Compound 5962 Link_out
                PDB ID 1BBU Link_out
                ChEBI ID 18019 Link_out
                References
                Synthesis Reference Rothstein, Morton. DL-Lysine-6-C14 and DL-a-aminoadipic acid-6-C14. Biochemical Preparations (1961), 8 85-8.
                Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
                General References
                1. Kranz BR: Detection of rare malignant cells and their apoptotic fragments in cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet. 2000 Oct 7;356(9237):1242-4. Pubmed: 11072949 Link_out
                2. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. Pubmed: 15911239 Link_out
                3. Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. Pubmed: 12297216 Link_out
                4. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. Pubmed: 14992292 Link_out
                5. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. Pubmed: 12097436 Link_out
                6. Hajishengallis G, Koga T, Russell MW: Affinity and specificity of the interactions between Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II and salivary components. J Dent Res. 1994 Sep;73(9):1493-502. Pubmed: 7523469 Link_out
                7. Pahler A, Parker J, Dekant W: Dose-dependent protein adduct formation in kidney, liver, and blood of rats and in human blood after perchloroethene inhalation. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Mar;48(1):5-13. Pubmed: 10330678 Link_out
                8. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. Pubmed: 6696735 Link_out
                9. Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. Pubmed: 12834252 Link_out
                10. Faraasen S, Voros J, Csucs G, Textor M, Merkle HP, Walter E: Ligand-specific targeting of microspheres to phagocytes by surface modification with poly(L-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate. Pharm Res. 2003 Feb;20(2):237-46. Pubmed: 12636162 Link_out
                11. Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. Pubmed: 6198473 Link_out
                12. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411 Link_out
                Enzymes
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: DOT1L
                Uniprot ID: Q8TEK3 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: SETD7
                Uniprot ID: Q8WTS6 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-36 and H4 lysine-20 specific
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: NSD1
                Uniprot ID: Q96L73 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: SETDB1
                Uniprot ID: Q15047 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific 3
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: EHMT2
                Uniprot ID: Q96KQ7 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific 5
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: EHMT1
                Uniprot ID: Q9H9B1 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
                Reactions:
                • L-lysine-[procollagen] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2S,5R)- 5-hydroxy-L-lysine-[procollagen] + succinate + CO2
                Gene Name: PLOD1
                Uniprot ID: Q02809 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
                Reactions:
                • L-lysine-[procollagen] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2S,5R)- 5-hydroxy-L-lysine-[procollagen] + succinate + CO2
                Gene Name: PLOD2
                Uniprot ID: O00469 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3
                Reactions:
                • L-lysine-[procollagen] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2S,5R)- 5-hydroxy-L-lysine-[procollagen] + succinate + CO2
                Gene Name: PLOD3
                Uniprot ID: O60568 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Biotinidase
                Reactions:
                • biotin amide + H2O = biotin + NH3 [RN:R01076]
                Gene Name: BTD
                Uniprot ID: P43251 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase
                Reactions:
                • ATP + L-lysine + tRNALys = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNALys [RN:R03658]
                Gene Name: KARS
                Uniprot ID: Q15046 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial
                Reactions:
                • N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NAD+ + H2O = L-glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R02313]
                Gene Name: AASS
                Uniprot ID: Q9UDR5 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: PR domain zinc finger protein 2
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: PRDM2
                Uniprot ID: Q13029 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: MLL
                Uniprot ID: Q03164 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL3
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                Gene Name: MLL3
                Uniprot ID: Q8NEZ4 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase
                Reactions:
                  Gene Name: AASS
                  Uniprot ID: A4D0W4 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: EZH2
                  Uniprot ID: Q15910 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL2
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: MLL2
                  Uniprot ID: O14686 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL4
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: WBP7
                  Uniprot ID: Q9UMN6 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Probable histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: WHSC1
                  Uniprot ID: O96028 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: WHSC1L1
                  Uniprot ID: Q9BZ95 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2
                  Reactions:
                  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]
                  Gene Name: SETD2
                  Uniprot ID: Q9BYW2 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Lysine-specific demethylase 2A
                  Reactions:
                  • (1) protein N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein N6-methyl-L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2
                  • (2) protein N6-methyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2
                  Gene Name: KDM2A
                  Uniprot ID: Q9Y2K7 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Lysine-specific demethylase 2B
                  Reactions:
                  • (1) protein N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein N6-methyl-L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2
                  • (2) protein N6-methyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2
                  Gene Name: KDM2B
                  Uniprot ID: Q8NHM5 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA