| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:47:30 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-05-30 20:56:03 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0032055 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | N-Acetylhistidine |
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| Description | N-Acetyl-L-histidine or N-Acetylhistidine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylhistidine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylhistidine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-histidine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylhistidine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free histidine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetylhistidine can be biosynthesized from L-histidine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme histidine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.33). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ). |
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| Structure | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C8H11N3O3/c1-5(12)11-7(8(13)14)2-6-3-9-4-10-6/h3-4,7H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t7-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| N-Acetyl histidine | ChEBI | | N-alpha-L-Histidine | ChEBI | | N-Hydroxy-aabp | ChEBI | | N-a-L-Histidine | Generator | | N-Α-L-histidine | Generator | | N-Acetylhistidine, (DL)-isomer | HMDB | | N-Acetylhistidine monohydrate | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propionic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoicacid | HMDB | | N-Acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | N-alpha-Acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | N-Α-acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | N2-Acetylhistidine | HMDB | | Nalpha-acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | Nalpha-acetylhistidine | HMDB | | Nα-acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | Nα-acetylhistidine | HMDB | | alpha-N-Acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | Α-N-acetyl-L-histidine | HMDB | | N-Acetylhistidine | ChEBI |
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| Chemical Formula | C8H11N3O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 197.194 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 197.080041226 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (2S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 2497-02-1 |
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| SMILES | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H11N3O3/c1-5(12)11-7(8(13)14)2-6-3-9-4-10-6/h3-4,7H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t7-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | KBOJOGQFRVVWBH-ZETCQYMHSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. Histidine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Histidine and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Histidine or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Carboximidic acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.25 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.4986 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 7.38 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 357.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 441.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 283.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 43.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 164.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 62.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 288.3 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 228.8 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 826.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 579.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 41.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 721.1 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 182.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 275.6 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 556.2 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 510.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 364.2 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| N-Acetylhistidine,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1953.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1946.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,1TMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O | 2077.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1938.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2014.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2113.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1951.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C | 2077.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C | 2042.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,3TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2093.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,3TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2047.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2187.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2173.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O | 2343.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2398.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=C[NH]C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2464.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2586.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2362.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2558.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2436.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2744.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetylhistidine,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2653.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer |
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- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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| General References | - Sass JO, Mohr V, Olbrich H, Engelke U, Horvath J, Fliegauf M, Loges NT, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Moebus R, Weiler P, Kispert A, Superti-Furga A, Wevers RA, Omran H: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Mar;78(3):401-9. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16465618 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
- Tanaka H, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Weaver DS, Meyer TW: An Enlarged Profile of Uremic Solutes. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0135657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135657. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26317986 ]
- Van Damme P, Hole K, Pimenta-Marques A, Helsens K, Vandekerckhove J, Martinho RG, Gevaert K, Arnesen T: NatF contributes to an evolutionary shift in protein N-terminal acetylation and is important for normal chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002169. Epub 2011 Jul 7. [PubMed:21750686 ]
- Ree R, Varland S, Arnesen T: Spotlight on protein N-terminal acetylation. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jul 27;50(7):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z. [PubMed:30054468 ]
- Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Tanemoto M, Momose A, Toki N, Sato H, Nakayama M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T: Metabolomic profiling of uremic solutes in CKD patients. Hypertens Res. 2010 Sep;33(9):944-52. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.113. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [PubMed:20613759 ]
- Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J: A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):863-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18287557 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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