| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 20:37:47 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:54:34 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0035619 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | alpha-Carene |
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| Description | alpha-Carene is found in allspice. alpha-Carene is a flavouring ingredient.Carene, or delta-3-carene, is a bicyclic monoterpene which occurs naturally as a constituent of turpentine, with a content as high as 42% depending on the source. Carene has a sweet and pungent odor. It is not soluble in water, but miscible with fats and oils |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 3-Carene | ChEBI | | Carene | ChEBI | | Delta-Car-3-ene | ChEBI | | Delta(3)-Carene | ChEBI | | Δ-car-3-ene | Generator | | Δ(3)-carene | Generator | | a-Carene | Generator | | Α-carene | Generator | | (+-)-3-Carene | HMDB | | (+-)-delta3-Carene | HMDB | | 3,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene | HMDB | | 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]-3-Heptene | HMDB | | 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]Hept-3-ene | HMDB | | 3-delta-Carene | HMDB | | Car-3-ene | HMDB | | Delta3-Carene | HMDB, MeSH | | 3-Carene, (R)-isomer | MeSH | | (+)-3-Carene | MeSH | | 3-Carene, (S)-(cis)-isomer | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 136.234 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 136.125200512 |
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| IUPAC Name | 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene |
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| Traditional Name | monoterpenes |
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| CAS Registry Number | 13466-78-9 |
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| SMILES | CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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| InChI Key | BQOFWKZOCNGFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Bicyclic monoterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Carane monoterpenoid
- Bicyclic monoterpenoid
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Polycyclic hydrocarbon
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.61 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 16.2675 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.73 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2129.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 615.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 217.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 358.2 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 306.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 567.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 731.0 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 138.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1218.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 433.0 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1250.4 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 441.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 413.2 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 479.7 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 572.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 24.8 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9100000000-3cb153cbc6bdcec14769 | 2020-07-08 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0007-9300000000-a505a9a11252962b37df | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9200000000-6f53c0dfbf019c75e0e4 | 2015-03-01 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-1900000000-93884a7af1a76cc32a08 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-7900000000-d4448a7be536a565c4ff | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uxu-9000000000-d506fdf04d0ebddf738b | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-8300012f152492652acb | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-1900000000-0dd9abe352dcea413247 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kr-5900000000-71cf88dcf91777c6bdfc | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-001j-9100000000-5b935d0acf76a97f7647 | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000y-9000000000-13543cbeb4a02cf4c7e6 | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0f7c-9000000000-269ecd399ee71893e743 | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - alpha-Carene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001r-0900000000-fe6e7a79de7a2082a2e3 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Campylobacter jejuni infection | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative Colitis | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative colitis | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Crohn's disease | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Crohns disease | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative colitis | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Ulcerative colitis |
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- Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
- De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8. [PubMed:24811995 ]
- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
| | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| | Crohn's disease |
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- De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8. [PubMed:24811995 ]
- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB014324 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00000839 |
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| Chemspider ID | 24263 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 26049 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 35661 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1014471 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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| General References | - Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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