| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:14:46 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000375 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid |
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| Description | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic (hMPP) acid is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid (PMID: 15479001 ) and of the phenolic degradation products of proanthocyanidins (the most abundant polyphenol present in chocolate) by the microflora in the colon (PMID: 12663291 ). mHPP is suspected to have antioxidants properties and is actively absorbed by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers (PMID: 15479001 , 12663291 ). hMPP has been found to be a metabolite of Clostridium, Escherichia, and Eubacterium (PMID: 28393285 , 19520845 ). 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a flavonoid metabolite. 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a phenolic acid metabolite formed by the gut microflora detected after the consumption of whole grain. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8-3-1-2-7(6-8)4-5-9(11)12/h1-3,6,10H,4-5H2,(H,11,12) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propanoic acid | ChEBI | | 3-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | ChEBI | | beta-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | ChEBI | | Dihydro-3-coumaric acid | ChEBI | | 3-Hydroxyphenylpropanoate | Kegg | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoate | Kegg | | 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propanoate | Generator | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator | | 3-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator | | b-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator | | b-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | Generator | | beta-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator | | Β-(m-hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator | | Β-(m-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | Generator | | Dihydro-3-coumarate | Generator | | 3-Hydroxyphenylpropanoic acid | Generator | | 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxybenzenepropanoate | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxydihydrocinnamate | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxyphenylpropionate | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid | HMDB | | b-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | HMDB | | b-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | HMDB | | beta-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionate | HMDB | | beta-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | HMDB | | dihydro-m-Coumarate | HMDB | | dihydro-m-Coumaric acid | HMDB, MeSH | | m-Hydrocoumaric acid | HMDB | | m-Hydroxy-hydrocinnamate | HMDB | | m-Hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid | HMDB | | m-Hydroxyphenylpropionate | HMDB | | m-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid | HMDB, MeSH | | dihydro-3-Coumaric acid, monosodium salt | MeSH, HMDB | | 3-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C9H10O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 166.1739 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 166.062994186 |
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| IUPAC Name | 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 621-54-5 |
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| SMILES | OC(=O)CCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8-3-1-2-7(6-8)4-5-9(11)12/h1-3,6,10H,4-5H2,(H,11,12) |
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| InChI Key | QVWAEZJXDYOKEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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| Class | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 17370 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 3.54 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 10.2084 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.28 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 41.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1303.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 320.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 124.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 191.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 157.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 392.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 369.8 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 104.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 825.0 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 343.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1024.6 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 252.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 287.6 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 442.7 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 215.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 133.7 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 | 1764.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(CCC(=O)O)=C1 | 1736.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1730.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 | 1992.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(CCC(=O)O)=C1 | 1970.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2199.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.775 +/- 0.747 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.034 +/- 0.01 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.039 +/- 0.012 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.04 +/- 0.008 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.084 +/- 0.022 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.086 +/- 0.021 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.035 +/- 0.008 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.056 +/- 0.015 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 961 | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 961 | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 9.0508 (0.0722-110.366) nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 74.0188 +/- 139.0110 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 290.659 +/- 834.0660 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 288.854 +/- 717.321 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 105.913 +/- 182.941 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.32 (0.2 - 0.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.043 +/- 0.006 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 961 | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 961 | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.5 +/- 0.46 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Irritable bowel syndrome | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | asymptomatic diverticulosis | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Hypertension (mild) | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Hypertension (mild) | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.292 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.325 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Gastroesophageal reflux disease | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Irritable bowel syndrome |
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- Ponnusamy K, Choi JN, Kim J, Lee SY, Lee CH: Microbial community and metabolomic comparison of irritable bowel syndrome faeces. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jun;60(Pt 6):817-27. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.028126-0. Epub 2011 Feb 17. [PubMed:21330412 ]
| | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
| | Diverticular disease |
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- Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, Elisei W, Miccheli A, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Campagna G, Picchio M, Giorgetti G, Fabiocchi F, Brandimarte G: Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9-S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626. [PubMed:27622378 ]
| | Eosinophilic esophagitis |
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- Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
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| Associated OMIM IDs | - 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
- 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB021993 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00052683 |
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| Chemspider ID | 89 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C11457 |
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| BioCyc ID | 3-HYDROXYPHENYL-PROPIONATE |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 91 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 1427 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1417091 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Dombrow, M.; Linnell, W. H. Preparation of m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (1952), 4 118-19. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Nakazawa T, Ohsawa K: Metabolites of orally administered Perilla frutescens extract in rats and humans. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000 Jan;23(1):122-7. [PubMed:10706426 ]
- Duran M, Wanders RJ, de Jager JP, Dorland L, Bruinvis L, Ketting D, Ijlst L, van Sprang FJ: 3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria due to long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency associated with sudden neonatal death: protective effect of medium-chain triglyceride treatment. Eur J Pediatr. 1991 Jan;150(3):190-5. [PubMed:2044590 ]
- Rios LY, Gonthier MP, Remesy C, Mila I, Lapierre C, Lazarus SA, Williamson G, Scalbert A: Chocolate intake increases urinary excretion of polyphenol-derived phenolic acids in healthy human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;77(4):912-8. [PubMed:12663291 ]
- Konishi Y, Kobayashi S: Microbial metabolites of ingested caffeic acid are absorbed by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Oct 20;52(21):6418-24. [PubMed:15479001 ]
- Rowland I, Gibson G, Heinken A, Scott K, Swann J, Thiele I, Tuohy K: Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Feb;57(1):1-24. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8. Epub 2017 Apr 9. [PubMed:28393285 ]
- Manso I, Torres B, Andreu JM, Menendez M, Rivas G, Alfonso C, Diaz E, Garcia JL, Galan B: 3-Hydroxyphenylpropionate and phenylpropionate are synergistic activators of the MhpR transcriptional regulator from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 7;284(32):21218-28. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.008243. Epub 2009 Jun 11. [PubMed:19520845 ]
- Upadhyaya S, Banerjee G: Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):85-92. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1024918. [PubMed:25901889 ]
- Koistinen VM (2019). Effects of Food Processing and Gut Microbial Metabolism on Whole Grain Phytochemicals: A Metabolomics Approach. In Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Health Sciences., no 510 (pp. 26-58). University of Eastern Finland. [ISBN:978-952-61-3088-0 ]
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