| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2013-03-07 21:32:21 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2021-09-14 15:45:25 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0059839 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Camphene |
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| Description | Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Camphene is nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It exists as a flammable, white solid that has a minty, citrus, eucalyptus odor. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and in food additives for flavouring. In the mid-19th century it was used as a fuel for lamps, but this was limited by its explosiveness. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. Camphene can be found in a number of food items such as dill, carrots, caraway, hyssop, lemon, orange, nutmeg seed, parsley, sage, thyme, turmeric and fennel, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. Camphene is one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-8-4-5-9(6-8)10(7,2)3/h8-9H,1,4-6H2,2-3H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | ChEBI | | 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane | ChEBI | | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylenenorbornane | ChEBI | | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylenenorcamphane | ChEBI | | Comphene | ChEBI | | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 136.238 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 136.125200515 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane |
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| Traditional Name | camphene |
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| CAS Registry Number | 79-92-5 |
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| SMILES | CC1(C)C2CCC(C2)C1=C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-8-4-5-9(6-8)10(7,2)3/h8-9H,1,4-6H2,2-3H3 |
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| InChI Key | CRPUJAZIXJMDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Bicyclic monoterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Bicyclic monoterpenoid
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Polycyclic hydrocarbon
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.73 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 17.352 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.81 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2130.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 666.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 240.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 399.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 378.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 611.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 797.8 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 286.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1315.0 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 436.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1407.2 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 472.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 462.8 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 582.3 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 588.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 22.1 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-16357f038546002c5eb6 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0596-9600000000-d86709e82362aaadd573 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-16357f038546002c5eb6 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0596-9600000000-d86709e82362aaadd573 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-b7f3e7fc70b75884c8e1 | 2020-07-08 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0avl-9600000000-6c7bdfedc9e1bb60d855 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Camphene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-002f-9200000000-14687f2522a9e8543e30 | 2015-03-01 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-196b02102f0ebf09b534 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-2900000000-c52b7cd8940e2fb05c54 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-9000000000-6f9543516068b727c156 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-cce5a3a8054b82bf623f | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-cce5a3a8054b82bf623f | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-2900000000-3b379a5acd27d5e4086c | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001r-0900000000-5f08b0d51d8859e573d8 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014s-9300000000-10513da20f6a7537fd9b | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-06fu-9500000000-5bf329b2ba88ea32211b | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Camphene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0693-9300000000-cc0f0b0ffa4549f4dcfc | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Disease References | | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
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| General References | - Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Turner CE, Elsohly MA, Boeren EG: Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 1980 Mar-Apr;43(2):169-234. doi: 10.1021/np50008a001. [PubMed:6991645 ]
- McGarvey DJ, Croteau R: Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):1015-26. doi: 10.1105/tpc.7.7.1015. [PubMed:7640522 ]
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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