1. acetaldehyde
2. acetic aldehyde
3. aldehyde
4. ethanal
5. ethyl aldehyde

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• Cytoplasm
• endoplasmic reticulum
• Extracellular
• mitochondria
• peroxisome

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

1. Nakamura K, Iwahashi K, Furukawa A, Ameno K, Kinoshita H, Ijiri I, Sekine Y, Suzuki K, Iwata Y, Minabe Y, Mori N: Acetaldehyde adducts in the brain of alcoholics. Arch Toxicol. 2003 Oct;77(10):591-3. Epub 2003 Sep 17. [PubMed ]
2. Takeuchi M, Watai T, Sasaki N, Choei H, Iwaki M, Ashizawa T, Inagaki Y, Yamagishi S, Kikuchi S, Riederer P, Saito T, Bucala R, Kameda Y: Neurotoxicity of acetaldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products for cultured cortical neurons. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2003 May;62(5):486-96. [PubMed ]
3. Higuchi S, Matsushita S, Masaki T, Yokoyama A, Kimura M, Suzuki G, Mochizuki H: Influence of genetic variations of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes on phenotypes of alcohol-related disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Oct;1025:472-80. [PubMed ]
4. Oba T, Maeno Y, Ishida K: Differential contribution of clinical amounts of acetaldehyde to skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction in alcoholic myopathy. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(6):791-80. [PubMed ]
5. Nishimura FT, Fukunaga T, Kajiura H, Umeno K, Takakura H, Ono T, Nishijo H: Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotype on cardiovascular and endocrine responses to alcohol in young Japanese subjects. Auton Neurosci. 2002 Nov 29;102(1-2):60-70. [PubMed ]
6. Boyden TW, Silvert MA, Pamenter RW: Acetaldehyde acutely impairs canine testicular testosterone secretion. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981 Apr 9;70(4):571-6. [PubMed ]
7. Theruvathu JA, Jaruga P, Nath RG, Dizdaroglu M, Brooks PJ: Polyamines stimulate the formation of mutagenic 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts from acetaldehyde. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jun 21;33(11):3513-20. Print 2005. [PubMed ]
8. Burton A: Acetaldehyde links alcohol consumption to cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Sep;6(9):643. [PubMed ]
9. Hard ML, Iqbal U, Brien JF, Koren G: Binding of acetaldehyde to human and Guinea pig placentae in vitro. Placenta. 2003 Feb-Mar;24(2-3):149-54. [PubMed ]
10. Forn-Frias C, Sanchis-Segura C: [The possible role of acetaldehyde in the brain damage caused by the chronic consumption of alcohol] Rev Neurol. 2003 Sep 1-15;37(5):485-93. [PubMed ]
11. Deitrich RA: Acetaldehyde: deja vu du jour. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Sep;65(5):557-72. [PubMed ]
12. Tyulina OV, Prokopieva VD, Boldyrev AA, Johnson P: Erythrocyte and plasma protein modification in alcoholism: a possible role of acetaldehyde. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 May;1762(5):558-63. Epub 2006 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
13. Morozov IuE, Salomatin EM, Okhotin VE: [Brain acetaldehyde and ethanol: method of determination and diagnostic significance in ethanol poisoning] Sud Med Ekspert. 2002 Mar-Apr;45(2):35-40. [PubMed ]
14. Tyulina OV, Prokopieva VD, Dodd RD, Hawkins JR, Clay SW, Wilson DO, Boldyrev AA, Johnson P: In vitro effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and fatty acid ethyl esters on human erythrocytes. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002 Mar-Apr;37(2):179-86. [PubMed ]
15. Brooks PJ, Theruvathu JA: DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Alcohol. 2005 Apr;35(3):187-93. [PubMed ]
16. Matsuse H, Shimoda T, Fukushima C, Mitsuta K, Kawano T, Tomari S, Saeki S, Kondoh Y, Machida I, Obase Y, Asai S, Kohno S: Screening for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotype in alcohol-induced asthma by using the ethanol patch test. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5):715-9. [PubMed ]
17. Yokoyama T, Saito K, Lwin H, Yoshiike N, Yamamoto A, Matsushita Y, Date C, Tanaka H: Epidemiological evidence that acetaldehyde plays a significant role in the development of decreased serum folate concentration and elevated mean corpuscular volume in alcohol drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Apr;29(4):622-30. [PubMed ]
18. Mascia MP, Maiya R, Borghese CM, Lobo IA, Hara K, Yamakura T, Gong DH, Beckstead MJ: Does acetaldehyde mediate ethanol action in the central nervous system? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Nov;25(11):1570-5. [PubMed ]
19. Takeuchi M, Saito T: Cytotoxicity of acetaldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (AA-AGE) in alcoholic-induced neuronal degeneration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Dec;29(12 Suppl):220S-4S. [PubMed ]
20. Latvala J, Melkko J, Parkkila S, Jarvi K, Makkonen K, Niemela O: Assays for acetaldehyde-derived adducts in blood proteins based on antibodies against acetaldehyde/lipoprotein condensates. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Nov;25(11):1648-53. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
3. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
6. Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
7. Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial precursor
8. Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+]
9. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
10. Alcohol dehydrogenase class 3
11. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
12. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C
13. Putative deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
14. cDNA FLJ75261, highly similar to Human class I alcohol dehydrogenase
15. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
16. cDNA FLJ77091, highly similar to Homo sapiens alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide (ADH4), mRNA
17. Alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (Class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide
18. cDNA FLJ35449 fis, clone SMINT2004144, highly similar to ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 6 (EC 1.1.1.1)

1. TMABADH
2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1
3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase E3 isozyme
4. Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
5. R- aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase

MSTGTFVVSQPLNYRGGARVEPADASGTEKAFEPATGRVIATFTCSGEKEVNLAVQNAKA
AFKIWSQKSGMERCRILLEAARIIREREDEIATMECINNGKSIFEARLDIDISWQCLEYY
AGLAASMAGEHIQLPGGSFGYTRREPLGVCVGIGAWNYPFQIASWKSAPALACGNAMVFK
PSPFTPVSALLLAEIYSEAGVPPGLFNVVQGGAATGQFLCQHPDVAKVSFTGSVPTGMKI
MEMSAKGIKPVTLELGGKSPLIIFSDCDMNNAVKGALMANFLTQGQVCCNGTRVFVQKEI
LDKFTEEVVKQTQRIKIGDPLLEDTRMGPLINRPHLERVLGFVKVAKEQGAKVLCGGDIY
VPEDPKLKDGYYMRPCVLTNCRDDMTCVKEEIFGPVMSILSFDTEAEVLERANDTTFGLA
AGVFTRDIQRAHRVVAELQAGTCFINNYNVSPVELPFGGYKKSGFGRENGRVTIEYYSQL
KTVCVEMGDVESAF

• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )

• 4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGAGCACTGGCACCTTCGTCGTGTCGCAGCCGCTCAATTACCGCGGCGGGGCCGCTGGA
GCCGGCGGACGCTCCGGTACCGAGAAAGCTTTCGAGCCAGCAACCGGCCGAGTGATAGCT
ACTTTCACATGTTCAGGAGAAAAGGAAGTAAATTTGGCTGTTCAAAATGCAAAGGCTGCT
TTTAAAATATGGAGTCAAAAATCTGGCATGGAGCGTTGCCGAATCCTTTTGGAGGCTGCC
AGGATAATAAGGGAACGGGAGGATGAAATTGCTACTATGGAGTGCATCAACAATGGCAAG
TCCATCTTTGAGGCCCGCTTGGACATTGACATTTCCTGGCAGTGCCTGGAGTATTATGCG
GGCTTGGCTGCATCCATGGCTGGTGAACACATCCAGCTCCCAGGTGGATCGTTTGGTTAT
ACCAGAAGAGAACCACTTGGGGTATGTGTGGGAATAGGAGCATGGAACTACCCCTTTCAG
ATTGCCTCTTGGAAGTCGGCTCCAGCATTAGCCTGTGGTAATGCCATGGTCTTTAAACCT
TCTCCCTTTACACCTGTTTCTGCATTGCTACTGGCTGAAATCTACAGTGAGGCTGGTGTA
CCTCCTGGGCTCTTCAATGTGGTGCAGGGAGGGGCTGCCACAGGCCAGTTTCTGTGTCAG
CATCCCGATGTGGCCAAAGTCTCCTTCACTGGAAGTGTGCCCACTGGCATGAAGATCATG
GAGATGTCAGCTAAAGGAATCAAACCTGTTACCTTGGAACTTGGAGGCAAATCTCCACTC
ATCATCTTCTCAGACTGTGATATGAACAATGCTGTAAAGGGGGCGCTGATGGCCAACTTC
CTCACACAAGGCCAGGTTTGCTGTAATGGCACAAGAGTATTTGTGCAGAAAGAAATTCTT
GATAAATTTACAGAGGAAGTGGTGAAACAGACCCAAAGGATTAAAATTGGAGATCCCCTT
CTGGAAGATACAAGGATGGGTCCACTCATCAACCGACCACACCTGGAGCGAGTCCTTGGG
TTTGTCAAAGTGGCAAAGGAGCAGGGTGCTAAAGTGTTATGTGGTGGAGATATATATGTA
CCTGAAGATCCCAAATTAAAGGATGGATATTACATGAGACCTTGTGTATTAACTAATTGC
AGAGACGACATGACCTGTGTGAAGGAAGAGATCTTTGGGCCTGTTATGTCCATTTTATCA
TTTGACACTGAAGCTGAGGTTCTAGAAAGAGCCAATGATACCACTTTTGGACTAGCAGCT
GGCGTCTTTACCAGGGACATCCAACGGGCTCATAGAGTGGTAGCTGAGCTTCAGGCTGGG
ACGTGCTTCATTAACAACTATAACGTCAGCCCAGTGGAGTTGCCCTTTGGTGGATATAAG
AAGTCAGGATTTGGCAGAGAGAACGGCCGTGTGACAATCGAATATTATTCACAGCTGAAG
ACTGTGTGTGTGGAGATGGGTGATGTGGAATCTGCTTTTTGA

1. Lin SW, Chen JC, Hsu LC, Hsieh CL, Yoshida A: Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH9): cDNA sequence, genomic organization, polymorphism, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression. Genomics. 1996 Jun 15;34(3):376-80. [PubMed ]
2. Vaz FM, Fouchier SW, Ofman R, Sommer M, Wanders RJ: Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and evidence for the involvement of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 in carnitine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 10;275(10):7390-4. [PubMed ]
3. Kikonyogo A, Pietruszko R: Aldehyde dehydrogenase from adult human brain that dehydrogenates gamma-aminobutyraldehyde: purification, characterization, cloning and distribution. Biochem J. 1996 May 15;316 ( Pt 1):317-24. [PubMed ]
4. Kurys G, Shah PC, Kikonygo A, Reed D, Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R: Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. cDNA cloning and primary structure of the enzyme that catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-aminobutyraldehyde. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Dec 1;218(2):311-20. [PubMed ]
5. Kurys G, Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R: Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Purification and characterization of a third isozyme with low Km for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde. J Biol Chem. 1989 Mar 15;264(8):4715-21. [PubMed ]

1. ALDH class 3
2. ALDHIII

MSKISEAVKRARAAFSSGRTRPLQFRIQQLEALQRLIQEQEQELVGALAADLHKNEWNAY
YEEVVYVLEEIEYMIQKLPEWAADEPVEKTPQTQQDELYIHSEPLGVVLVIGTWNYPFNL
TIQPMVGAIAAGNAVVLKPSELSENMASLLATIIPQYLDKDLYPVINGGVPETTELLKER
FDHILYTGSTGVGKIIMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKSPCYVDKNCDLDVACRRIAWGKFMNS
GQTCVAPDYILCDPSIQNQIVEKLKKSLKEFYGEDAKKSRDYGRIISARHFQRVMGLIEG
QKVAYGGTGDAATRYIAPTILTDVDPQSPVMQEEIFGPVLPIVCVRSLEEAIQFINQREK
PLALYMFSSNDKVIKKMIAETSSGGVAANDVIVHITLHSLPFGGVGNSGMGSYHGKKSFE
TFSHRRSCLVRPLMNDEGLKVRYPPSPAKMTQH

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGAGCAAGATCAGCGAGGCCGTGAAGCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCTTCAGCTCGGGCAGGACC
CGTCCGCTGCAGTTCCGATTCCAGCAGCTGGAGGCGCTGCAGCGCCTGATCCAGGAGCAG
GAGCAGGAGCTGGTGGGCGCGCTGGCCGCAGACCTGCACAAGAATGAATGGAACGCCTAC
TATGAGGAGGTGGTGTACGTCCTAGAGGAGATCGAGTACATGATCCAGAAGCTCCCTGAG
TGGGCCGCGGATGAGCCCGTGGAGAAGACGCCCCAGACTCAGCAGGACGAGCTCTACATC
CACTCGGAGCCACTGGGCGTGGTCCTCGTCATTGGCACCTGGAACTACCCCTTCAACCTC
ACCATCCAGCCCATGGTGGGCGCCATCGCTGCAGGGAACGCAGTGGTCCTCAAGCCCTCG
GAGCTGAGTGAGAACATGGCGAGCCTGCTGGCTACCATCATCCCCCAGTACCTGGACAAG
GATCTGTACCCAGTAATCAATGGGGGTGTCCCTGAGACCACGGAGCTGCTCAAGGAGAGG
TTCGACCATATCCTGTACACGGGCAGCACGGGGGTGGGGAAGATCATCATGACGGCTGCT
GCCAAGCACCTGACCCCTGTCACGCTGGAGCTGGGAGGGAAGAGTCCCTGCTACGTGGAC
AAGAACTGTGACCTGGACGTGGCCTGCCGACGCATCGCCTGGGGGAAATTCATGAACAGT
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCAGACTACATCCTCTGTGACCCCTCGATCCAGAACCAAATT
GTGGAGAAGCTCAAGAAGTCACTGAAAGAGTTCTACGGGGAAGATGCTAAGAAATCCCGG
GACTATGGAAGAATCATTAGTGCCCGGCACTTCCAGAGGGTGATGGGCCTGATTGAGGGC
CAGAAGGTGGCTTATGGGGGCACCGGGGATGCCGCCACTCGCTACATAGCCCCCACCATC
CTCACGGACGTGGACCCCCAGTCCCCGGTGATGCAAGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCTGTGCTG
CCCATCGTGTGCGTGCGCAGCCTGGAGGAGGCCATCCAGTTCATCAACCAGCGTGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTCTACATGTTCTCCAGCAACGACAAGGTGATTAAGAAGATGATTGCAGAG
ACATCCAGTGGTGGGGTGGCGGCCAACGATGTCATCGTCCACATCACCTTGCACTCTCTG
CCCTTCGGGGGCGTGGGGAACAGCGGCATGGGATCCTACCATGGCAAGAAGAGCTTCGAG
ACTTTCTCTCACCGCCGCTCTTGCCTGGTGAGGCCTCTGATGAATGATGAAGGCCTGAAG
GTCAGATACCCCCCGAGCCCGGCCAAGATGACCCAGCACTGA

1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Shibuya A, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA and genomic cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3030-7. [PubMed ]
2. Hsu LC, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;328:141-52. [PubMed ]
3. Yin SJ, Vagelopoulos N, Wang SL, Jornvall H: Structural features of stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase distinguish dimeric aldehyde dehydrogenase as a 'variable' enzyme. 'Variable' and 'constant' enzymes within the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase families. FEBS Lett. 1991 May 20;283(1):85-8. [PubMed ]
4. Tsukamoto N, Chang C, Yoshida A: Mutations associated with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Ann Hum Genet. 1997 May;61(Pt 3):235-42. [PubMed ]

1. Alpha-AASA dehydrogenase
2. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenease
3. P6c dehydrogenase
4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1
5. Antiquitin-1

MSTLLINQPQYAWLKELGLREENEGVYNGSWGGRGEVITTYCPANNEPIARVRQASVADY
EETVKKAREAWKIWADIPAPKRGEIVRQIGDALREKIQVLGSLVSLEMGKILVEGVGEVQ
EYVDICDYAVGLSRMIGGPILPSERSGHALIEQWNPVGLVGIITAFNFPVAVYGWNNAIA
MICGNVCLWKGAPTTSLISVAVTKIIAKVLEDNKLPGAICSLTCGGADIGTAMAKDERVN
LLSFTGSTQVGKQVGLMVQERFGRSLLELGGNNAIIAFEDADLSLVVPSALFAAVGTAGQ
RCTTARRLFIHESIHDEVVNRLKKAYAQIRVGNPWDPNVLYGPLHTKQAVSMFLGAVEEA
KKEGGTVVYGGKVMDRPGNYVEPTIVTGLGHDASIAHTETFAPILYVFKFKNEEEVFAWN
NEVKQGLSSSIFTKDLGRIFRWLGPKGSDCGIVNVNIPTSGAEIGGAFGGEKHTGGGRES
GSDAWKQYMRRSTCTINYSKDLPLAQGIKFQ

• Lysine Biosynthesis (map00300 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )

• L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NAD(P)H + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCACTCTCCTCATCAATCAGCCCCAGTATGCGTGGCTGAAAGAGCTGGGGCTCCGC
GAGGAAAACGAGGGCGTGTATAATGGAAGCTGGGGAGGCCGGGGAGAGGTTATTACGACC
TATTGCCCCGCTAACAACGAGCCAATAGCAAGAGTCCGACAGGCCAGTGTGGCAGACTAT
GAAGAAACTGTAAAGAAAGCAAGAGAAGCATGGAAAATCTGGGCAGATATTCCTGCTCCA
AAACGAGGAGAAATAGTAAGACAGATTGGCGATGCCTTGCGGGAGAAGATCCAAGTACTA
GGAAGCTTGGTGTCTTTGGAGATGGGGAAAATCTTAGTGGAAGGTGTGGGTGAAGTTCAG
GAGTATGTGGATATCTGTGACTATGCTGTTGGTTTATCAAGGATGATTGGAGGACCTATC
TTGCCTTCTGAAAGATCTGGCCATGCACTGATTGAGCAGTGGAATCCCGTAGGCCTGGTT
GGAATCATCACGGCATTCAATTTCCCTGTGGCAGTGTATGGTTGGAACAACGCCATCGCC
ATGATCTGTGGAAATGTCTGCCTCTGGAAAGGAGCTCCAACCACTTCCCTCATTAGTGTG
GCTGTCACAAAGATAATAGCCAAGGTTCTGGAGGACAACAAGCTGCCTGGTGCAATTTGT
TCCTTGACTTGTGGTGGAGCAGATATTGGCACAGCAATGGCCAAAGATGAACGAGTGAAC
CTGCTGTCCTTCACTGGGAGCACTCAGGTGGGAAAACAGGTGGGCCTGATGGTGCAGGAG
AGGTTTGGGAGAAGTCTGTTGGAACTTGGAGGAAACAATGCCATTATTGCCTTTGAAGAT
GCAGACCTCAGCTTAGTTGTTCCATCAGCTCTCTTCGCTGCTGTGGGAACAGCTGGCCAG
AGGTGTACCACTGCGAGGCGACTGTTTATACATGAAAGCATCCATGATGAGGTTGTAAAC
AGACTTAAAAAGGCCTATGCACAGATCCGAGTTGGGAACCCATGGGACCCTAATGTTCTC
TATGGGCCACTCCACACCAAGCAGGCAGTGAGCATGTTTCTTGGAGCAGTGGAAGAAGCA
AAGAAAGAAGGTGGCACAGTGGTCTATGGGGGCAAGGTTATGGATCGCCCTGGAAATTAT
GTAGAACCGACAATTGTGACAGGTCTTGGCCACGATGCGTCCATTGCACACACAGAGACT
TTCGCTCCGATTCTCTATGTCTTTAAATTCAAGAATGAAGAAGAGGTCTTTGCATGGAAT
AATGAAGTAAAACAGGGACTTTCAAGTAGCATCTTTACCAAAGATCTGGGCAGAATCTTT
CGCTGGCTTGGACCTAAAGGATCAGACTGTGGCATTGTAAATGTCAACATTCCAACAAGT
GGGGCTGAGATTGGAGGTGCCTTTGGAGGAGAAAAGCACACTGGTGGTGGCAGGGAGTCT
GGCAGTGATGCCTGGAAACAGTACATGAGAAGGTCTACTTGTACTATCAACTACAGTAAA
GACCTTCCTCTGGCCCAAGGAATCAAGTTTCAGTAA

1. Lee P, Kuhl W, Gelbart T, Kamimura T, West C, Beutler E: Homology between a human protein and a protein of the green garden pea. Genomics. 1994 May 15;21(2):371-8. [PubMed ]
2. Skvorak AB, Robertson NG, Yin Y, Weremowicz S, Her H, Bieber FR, Beisel KW, Lynch ED, Beier DR, Morton CC: An ancient conserved gene expressed in the human inner ear: identification, expression analysis, and chromosomal mapping of human and mouse antiquitin (ATQ1). Genomics. 1997 Dec 1;46(2):191-9. [PubMed ]

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6
2. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3
3. RALDH-3

MATANGAVENGQPDRKPPALPRPIRNLEVKFTKIFINNEWHESKSGKKFATCNPSTREQI
CEVEEGDKPDVDKAVEAAQVAFQRGSPWRRLDALSRGRLLHQLADLVERDRATLAALETM
DTGKPFLHAFFIDLEGCIRTLRYFAGWADKIQGKTIPTDDNVVCFTRHEPIGVCGAITPW
NFPLLMLVWKLAPALCCGNTMVLKPAEQTPLTALYLGSLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPGFGPTV
GAAISSHPQINKIAFTGSTEVGKLVKEAASRSNLKRVTLELGGKNPCIVCADADLDLAVE
CAHQGVFFNQGQCCTAASRVFVEEQVYSEFVRRSVEYAKKRPVGDPFDVKTEQGPQIDQK
QFDKILELIESGKKEGAKLECGGSAMEDKGLFIKPTVFSEVTDNMRIAKEEIFGPVQPIL
KFKSIEEVIKRANSTDYGLTAAVFTKNLDKALKLASALESGTVWINCYNALYAQAPFGGF
KMSGNGRELGEYALAEYTEVKTVTIKLGDKNP

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCACCGCTAACGGGGCCGTGGAAAACGGGCAGCCGGACGGGAAGCCGCCGGCCCTG
CCGCGCCCCATCCGCAACCTGGAGGTCAAGTTCACCAAGATATTTATCAACAATGAATGG
CACGAATCCAAGAGTGGGAAAAAGTTTGCTACATGTAACCCTTCAACTCGGGAGCAAATA
TGTGAAGTGGAAGAAGGAGATAAGCCCGACGTGGACAAGGCTGTGGAGGCTGCACAGGTT
GCCTTCCAGAGGGGCTCGCCATGGCGCCGGCTGGATGCCCTGAGTCGTGGGCGGCTGCTG
CACCAGCTGGCTGACCTGGTGGAGAGGGACCGCGCCACCTTGGCCGCCCTGGAGACGATG
GATACAGGGAAGCCATTTCTTCATGCTTTTTTCATCGACCTGGAGGGCTGTATTAGAACC
CTCAGATACTTTGCAGGGTGGGCAGACAAAATCCAGGGCAAGACCATCCCCACAGATGAC
AACGTCGTATGCTTCACCAGGCATGAGCCCATTGGTGTCTGTGGGGCCATCACTCCATGG
AACTTCCCCCTGCTGATGCTGGTGTGGAAGCTGGCACCCGCCCTCTGCTGTGGGAACACC
ATGGTCCTGAAGCCTGCGGAGCAGACACCTCTCACCGCCCTTTATCTCGGCTCTCTGATC
AAAGAGGCCGGGTTCCCTCCAGGAGTGGTGAACATTGTGCCAGGATTCGGGCCCACAGTG
GGAGCAGCAATTTCTTCTCACCCTCAGATCAACAAGATCGCCTTCACCGGCTCCACAGAG
GTTGGAAAACTGGTTAAAGAAGCTGCGTCCCGGAGCAATCTGAAGCGGGTGACGCTGGAG
CTGGGGGGGAAGAACCCCTGCATCGTGTGTGCGGACGCTGACTTGGACTTGGCAGTGGAG
TGTGCCCATCAGGGAGTGTTCTTCAACCAAGGCCAGTGTTGCACGGCAGCCTCCAGGGTG
TTCGTGGAGGAGCAGGTCTACTCTGAGTTTGTCAGGCGGAGCGTGGAGTATGCCAAGAAA
CGGCCCGTGGGAGACCCCTTCGATGTCAAAACAGAACAGGGGCCTCAGATTGATCAAAAG
CAGTTCGACAAAATCTTAGAGCTGATCGAGAGTGGGAAGAAGGAAGGGGCCAAGCTGGAA
TGCGGGGGCTCAGCCATGGAAGACAAGGGGCTCTTCATCAAACCCACTGTCTTCTCAGAA
GTCACAGACAACATGCGGATTGCCAAAGAGGAGATTTTCGGGCCAGTGCAACCAATACTG
AAGTTCAAAAGTATCGAAGAAGTGATAAAAAGAGCGAATAGCACCGACTATGGACTCACA
GCAGCCGTGTTCACAAAAAATCTCGACAAAGCCCTGAAGTTGGCTTCTGCCTTAGAGTCT
GGAACGGTCTGGATCAACTGCTACAACGCCCTCTATGCACAGGCTCCATTTGGTGGCTTT
AAAATGTCAGGAAATGGCAGAGAACTAGGTGAATACGCTTTGGCCGAATACACAGAAGTG
AAAACTGTCACCATCAAACTTGGCGACAAGAACCCCTGA

1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Hiraoka L, Hsieh CL: Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of an additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH6. Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):333-41. [PubMed ]

1. ALDH class 2
2. ALDHI
3. ALDH-E2

MLRAAARFGPRLGRRLLSAAATQAVPAPNQQPEVFCNQIFINNEWHDAVSRKTFPTVNPS
TGEVICQVAEGDKEDVDKAVKAARAAFQLGSPWRRMDASHRGRLLNRLADLIERDRTYLA
ALETLDNGKPYVISYLVDLDMVLKCLRYYAGWADKYHGKTIPIDGDFFSYTRHEPVGVCG
QIIPWNFPLLMQAWKLGPALATGNVVVMKVAEQTPLTALYVANLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPG
FGPTAGAAIASHEDVDKVAFTGSTEIGRVIQVAAGSSNLKRVTLELGGKSPNIIMSDADM
DWAVEQAHFALFFNQGQCCCAGSRTFVQEDIYDEFVERSVARAKSRVVGNPFDSKTEQGP
QVDETQFKKILGYINTGKQEGAKLLCGGGIAADRGYFIQPTVFGDVQDGMTIAKEEIFGP
VMQILKFKTIEEVVGRANNSTYGLAAAVFTKDLDKANYLSQALQAGTVWVNCYDVFGAQS
PFGGYKMSGSGRELGEYGLQAYTEVKTVTVKVPQKNS

• 1,2-Dichloroethane degradation (map00631 )
• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (map00053 )
• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• 1-24

ATGTTGCGCGCTGCCGCCGCTCGGGCCCCGCCTGGCCGCCGCCTCTTGTCAGCCGCCGCC
ACCCAGGCCGTGCCTGCCCCCAACCAGCAGCCCGAGGTCTTCTGCAACCAGATTTTCATA
AACAATGAATGGCACGATGCCGTCAGCAGGAAAACATTCCCCACCGTCAATCCGTCCACT
GGAGAGGTCATCTGTCAGGTAGCTGAAGGGGACAAGGAAGATGTGGACAAGGCACGTGAA
GGCCGCCCGGGCGCCTTCCAGCTGGGCTCACCTTGGCGCCGCATGGACGCATCACACAGC
GGCCGGCTGCTGAACCGCCTGGCCGATCTGATCGAGCGGGACCGGACCTACCTGGCGGCC
TTGGAGACCCTGGACAATGGCAAGCCCTATGTCATCTCCTACCTGGTGGATTTGGACATG
GTCCTCAAATGTCTCCGGTATTATGCCGGCTGGGCTGATAAGTACCACGGGAAAACCATC
CCCATTGACGGAGACTTCTTCAGCTACACACGCCATGAACCTGTGGGGGTGTGCGGGCAG
ATCATTCCGTGGAATTTCCCGCTCCTGATGCAAGCATGGAAGCTGGGCCCAGCCTTGGCA
ACTGGAAACGTGGTTGTGATGAAGGTAGCTGAGCAGACACCCCTCACCGCCCTCTATGTG
GCCAACCTGATCAAGGAGGCTGGCTTTCCCCCTGGTGTGGTCAACATTGTGCCTGGATTT
GGCCCCACGGCTGGGGCCGCCATTGCCTCCCATGAGGATGTGGACAAAGTGGCATTCACA
GGCTCCACTGAGATTGGCCGCGTAATCCAGGTTGCTGCTGGGAGCAGCAACCTCAAGAGA
GTGACCTTGGAGCTGGGGGGGAAGAGCCCCAACATCATCATGTCAGATGCCGATATGGAT
TGGGCCGTGGAACAGGCCCACTTCGCCCTGTTCTTCAACCAGGGCCAGTGCTGCTGTGCC
GGCTCCCGGACCTTCGTGCAGGAGGACATCTATGATGAGTTTGTGGTGCGGAGCGTTGCC
CGGGCCAAGTCTCGGGTGGTCGGGAACCCCTTTGATAGCAAGACCGAGCAGGGGCCGCAG
GTGGATGAAACTCAGTTTAAGAAGATCCTCGGCTACATCAACACGGGGAAGCAAGAGGGG
GCGAAGCTGCTGTGTGGTGGGGGCATTGCTGCTGACCGTGGTTACTTCATCCAGCCCACT
GTGTTTGGAGATGTGCAGGATGGCATGACCATCGCCAAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCAGTG
ATGCAGATCCTGAAGTTCAAGACCATAGAGGAGGTTGTTGGGAGAGCCAACAATTCCACG
TACGGGCTGGCCGCAGCTGTCTTCACAAAGGATTTGGACAAGGCCAATTACCTGTCCCAG
GCCCTCCAGGCGGGCACTGTGTGGGTCAACTGCTATGATGTGTTTGGAGCCCAGTCACCC
TTTGGTGGCTACAAGATGTCGGGGAGTGGCCGGGAGTTGGGCGAGTACGGGCTGCAGGCA
TACACTGAAGTGAAAACTGTCACAGTCAAAGTGCCTCAGAAGAACTCATAA

1. Braun T, Bober E, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Evidence for a signal peptide at the amino-terminal end of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1987 May 11;215(2):233-6. [PubMed ]
2. Braun T, Bober E, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Isolation and sequence analysis of a full length cDNA clone coding for human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 10;15(7):3179. [PubMed ]
3. Hsu LC, Bendel RE, Yoshida A: Genomic structure of the human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Genomics. 1988 Jan;2(1):57-65. [PubMed ]
4. Hempel J, Kaiser R, Jornvall H: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver. Primary structure, differences in relation to the cytosolic enzyme, and functional correlations. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Nov 15;153(1):13-28. [PubMed ]
5. Hsu LC, Tani K, Fujiyoshi T, Kurachi K, Yoshida A: Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(11):3771-5. [PubMed ]
6. Yoshida A, Ikawa M, Hsu LC, Tani K: Molecular abnormality and cDNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases. Alcohol. 1985 Jan-Feb;2(1):103-6. [PubMed ]
7. Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes and alcohol sensitivity. Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 1987;16:21-48. [PubMed ]
8. Hempel J, Hoog JO, Jornvall H: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Homology of putative targeting sequence to that of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I revealed by correlation of cDNA and protein data. FEBS Lett. 1987 Sep 28;222(1):95-8. [PubMed ]
9. Yoshida A, Huang IY, Ikawa M: Molecular abnormality of an inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase variant commonly found in Orientals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):258-61. [PubMed ]
10. Novoradovsky A, Tsai SJ, Goldfarb L, Peterson R, Long JC, Goldman D: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in Asian and American Indian populations: detection of new ALDH2 alleles. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Oct;19(5):1105-10. [PubMed ]
11. Ni L, Zhou J, Hurley TD, Weiner H: Human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase: three-dimensional structure and the restoration of solubility and activity of chimeric forms. Protein Sci. 1999 Dec;8(12):2784-90. [PubMed ]

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, microsomal
2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2
3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 10

MELEVRRVRQAFLSGRSRPLRFRLQQLEALRRMVQEREKDILTAIAADLCKSEFNVYSQE
VITVLGEIDFMLENLPEWVTAKPVKKNVLTMLDEAYIQPQPLGVVLIIGAWNYPFVLTIQ
PLIGAIAAGNAVIIKPSELSENTAKILAKLLPQYLDQDLYIVINGGVEETTELLKQRFDH
IFYTGNTAVGKIVMEAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKSPCYIDKDCDLDIVCRRITWGKYMNCGQT
CIAPDYILCEASLQNQIVWKIKETVKEFYGENIKESPDYERIINLRHFKRILSLLEGQKI
AFGGETDEATRYIAPTVLTDVDPKTKVMQEEIFGPILPIVPVKNVDEAINFINEREKPLA
LYVFSHNHKLIKRMIDETSSGGVTGNDVIMHFTLNSFPFGGVGSSGMGAYHGKHSFDTFS
HQRPCLLKSLKREGANKLRYPPNSQSKVDWGKFFLLKRFNKEKLGLLLLTFLGIVAAVLV
KAEYY

• 1,2-Dichloroethane degradation (map00631 )
• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (map00053 )
• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• 464-480

ATGGAGCTCGAAGTCCGGCGGGTCCGACAGGCGTTCCTGTCCGGCCGGTCGCGACCTCTG
CGGTTTCGGCTGCAGCAGCTGGAGGCCCTGCGGAGGATGGTGCAGGAGCGCGAGAAGGAT
ATCCTGACGGCCATCGCCGCCGACCTGTGCAAGAGTGAATTCAATGTGTACAGTCAGGAA
GTCATTACTGTCCTTGGGGAAATTGATTTTATGCTTGAGAATCTTCCTGAATGGGTTACT
GCTAAACCAGTTAAGAAGAACGTGCTCACCATGCTGGATGAGGCCTATATTCAGCCACAG
CCTCTGGGAGTGGTGCTGATAATCGGAGCTTGGAATTACCCCTTCGTTCTCACCATTCAG
CCACTGATAGGAGCCATCGCTGCAGGAAATGCTGTGATTATAAAGCCTTCTGAACTGAGT
GAAAATACAGCCAAGATCTTGGCAAAGCTTCTCCCTCAGTATTTAGACCAGGATCTCTAT
ATTGTTATTAATGGTGGTGTTGAGGAAACCACGGAGCTCCTGAAGCAGCGATTTGACCAC
ATTTTCTATACGGGAAACACTGCGGTTGGCAAAATTGTCATGGAAGCTGCTGCCAAGCAT
CTGACCCCTGTGACTCTTGAACTGGGAGGGAAAAGTCCATGTTATATTGATAAAGATTGT
GACCTGGACATTGTTTGCAGACGCATAACCTGGGGAAAATACATGAATTGTGGCCAAACC
TGCATTGCACCCGACTATATTCTCTGTGAAGCATCCCTCCAAAATCAAATTGTATGGAAG
ATTAAGGAAACAGTGAAGGAATTTTATGGAGAAAATATAAAAGAGTCTCCTGATTATGAA
AGGATCATCAATCTTCGTCATTTTAAGAGGATACTAAGTTTGCTTGAAGGACAAAAGATA
GCTTTTGGTGGGGAGACTGATGAGGCCACACGCTACATAGCCCCAACAGTACTTACCGAT
GTTGATCCTAAAACCAAGGTGATGCAAGAAGAAATTTTTGGACCAATTCTTCCAATAGTG
CCTGTGAAAAATGTAGATGAGGCCATAAATTTCATAAATGAACGTGAAAAGCCTCTGGCT
CTTTATGTATTTTCGCATAACCATAAGCTCATCAAACGGATGATTGATGAGACATCCAGT
GGAGGTGTCACAGGCAATGACGTCATTATGCACTTCACGCTCAACTCTTTCCCATTTGGA
GGAGTGGGTTCCAGTGGGATGGGAGCTTATCACGGAAAACATAGTTTTGATACTTTTTCT
CATCAGCGTCCCTGTTTATTAAAAAGTTTAAAGAGAGAAGGTGCTAACAAACTCAGATAT
CCTCCCAACAGCCAGTCAAAGGTGGATTGGGGGAAATTTTTTCTCTTGAAACGGTTCAAC
AAAGAAAAACTCGGTCTCCTGTTGCTCACTTTCCTGGGTATTGTAGCCGCTGTGCTTGTC
AAGGCAGAATATTACTGA

1. De Laurenzi V, Rogers GR, Hamrock DJ, Marekov LN, Steinert PM, Compton JG, Markova N, Rizzo WB: Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Nat Genet. 1996 Jan;12(1):52-7. [PubMed ]
2. Rogers GR, Markova NG, De Laurenzi V, Rizzo WB, Compton JG: Genomic organization and expression of the human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (FALDH). Genomics. 1997 Jan 15;39(2):127-35. [PubMed ]
3. Chang C, Yoshida A: Human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH10): organization and tissue-dependent expression. Genomics. 1997 Feb 15;40(1):80-5. [PubMed ]
4. Sillen A, Jagell S, Wadelius C: A missense mutation in the FALDH gene identified in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome patients originating from the northern part of Sweden. Hum Genet. 1997 Aug;100(2):201-3. [PubMed ]
5. Sillen A, Anton-Lamprecht I, Braun-Quentin C, Kraus CS, Sayli BS, Ayuso C, Jagell S, Kuster W, Wadelius C: Spectrum of mutations and sequence variants in the FALDH gene in patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(6):377-84. [PubMed ]

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member B1
2. ALDH class 2

MLRFLAPRLLSLQGRTARYSSAAALPSPILNPDIPYNQLFINNEWQDAVSKKTFPTVNPT
TGEVIGHVAEGDRADVDRAVKAAREAFRLGSPWRRMDASERGRLLNLLADLVERDRVYLA
SLETLDNGKPFQESYALDLDEVIKVYRYFAGWADKWHGKTIPMDGQHFCFTRHEPVGVCG
QIIPWNFPLVMQGWKLAPALATGNTVVMKVAEQTPLSALYLASLIKEAGFPPGVVNIITG
YGPTAGAAIAQHMDVDKVAFTGSTEVGHLIQKAAGDSNLKRVTLELGGKSPSIVLADADM
EHAVEQCHEALFFNMGQCCCAGSRTFVEESIYNEFLERTVEKAKQRKVGNPFELDTQQGP
QVDKEQFERVLGYIQLGQKEGAKLLCGGERFGERGFFIKPTVFGGVQDDMRIAKEEIFGP
VQPLFKFKKIEEVVERANNTRYGLAAAVFTRDLDKAMYFTQALQAGTVWVNTYNIVTCHT
PFGGFKESGNGRELGEDGLKAYTEVKTVTIKVPQKNS

• 1,2-Dichloroethane degradation (map00631 )
• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (map00053 )
• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• 1-22

ATGCTGCGCTTCCTGGCACCCCGGCTGCTTAGCCTCCAGGGCAGGACCGCCCTCTACTCC
TCGGCAGCAGCCCTCCCAAGCCCCATTCTGAACCCAGACATCCCCTACAACCAGCTGTTC
ATCAACAATGAATGGCAAGATGCAGTCAGCAAGAAGACCTTCCCGACGGTCAACCCTACC
ACCGGGGAGGTCATCGGGCACGTGGCTGAAGGTGACCGGGCTGATGTGGATCGGGCCGTG
AAAGCAGCCCGGGAAGCCTTCCGCCTGGGGTCCCCATGGCGCCGGATGGATGCCTCTGAG
CGGGGCCGGCTGCTGAACCTCCTGGCAGACCTAGTGGAGCGGGATCGAGTCTACTTGGCC
TCACTCGAGACCTTGGACAATGGGAAGCCTTTCCAAGAGTCTTACGCCTTGGACTTGGAT
GAGGTCATCAAGGTGTATCGGTACTTTGCTGGCTGGGCTGACAAGTGGCATGGCAAGACC
ATCCCCATGCATGGCCAGCATTTCTGCTTCACCCGGCATGAGCCCGTTGGTGTCTGTGGC
CAGATCATCCCGTGGAACTTCCCCTTGGTCATGCAGGGTTGGAAACTTGCCCCGGCACTC
GCCACAGGCAACACTGTGGTTATGAAGGTGGCAGAGCAGACCCCCCTCTCTGCCCTGTAT
TTGGCCTCCCTCATCAAGGAGGCAGGCTTTCCCCCTGGGGTGGTGAACATCATCACGGGG
TATGGCCCAACAGCAGGTGCGGCCATCGCCCAGCACATGGATGTTGACAAAGTTGCCTTC
ACCGGTTCCACCGAGGTGGGCCACCTGATCCAGAAAGCAGCTGGCGATTCCAACCTCAAG
AGAGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGTGGTAAGAGCCCCAGCATCGTGCTGGCCGATGCTGACATG
GAGCATGCCGTGGAGCAGTGCCACGAAGCCCTGTTCTTCAACATGGGCCAGTGCTGCTGT
GCTGGCTCCCGGACCTTCGTGGAAGAATCCATCTACAATGAGTTTCTCGAGAGAACCGTG
GAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAGGAAAGTGGGGAACCCCTTTGAGCTGGACACCCAGCAGGGGCCT
CAGGTGGACAAGGAGCAGTTTGAACGAGTCCTAGGCTACATCCAGCTTGGCCAGAAGGAG
GGCGCAAAACTCCTCTGTGGCGGAGAGCGTTTCGGGGAGCGTGGTTTCTTCATCAAGCCT
ACTGTCTTTGGTGGCGTGCAGGATGACATGAGAATTGCCAAAGAGGAGATCTTTGGGCCT
GTGCAGCCCCTGTTCAAGTTCAAGAAGATTGAGGAGGTGGTTGAGAGGGCCAACAACACC
AGGTATGGCCTGGCTGCGGCTGTGTTCACCCGGGATCTGGACAAGGCCATGTACTTCACC
CAGGCACTCCAGGCCGGGACCGTGTGGGTAAACACCTACAACATCGTCACCTGCCACACG
CCATTTGGAGGGTTTAAGGAATCTGGAAACGGGAGGGAGCTGGGTGAGGATGGGCTTAAG
GCCTACACAGAGGTAAAGACGGTCACCATCAAGGTTCCTCAGAAGAACTCGTAA

1. Hsu LC, Chang WC: Cloning and characterization of a new functional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12257-65. [PubMed ]
2. Sherman D, Dave V, Hsu LC, Peters TJ, Yoshida A: Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. Hum Genet. 1993 Nov;92(5):477-80. [PubMed ]

1. Aldehyde reductase
2. Aldo- keto reductase family 1 member A1

MAASCVLLHTGQKMPLIGLGTWKSEPGQVKAAVKYALSVGYRHIDCAAIYGNEPEIGEAL
KEDVGPGKAVPREELFVTSKLWNTKHHPEDVEPALRKTLADLQLEYLDLYLMHWPYAFER
GDNPFPKNADGTICYDSTHYKETWKALEALVAKGLVQALGLSNFNSRQIDDILSVASVRP
AVLQVECHPYLAQNELIAHCQARGLEVTAYSPLGSSDRAWRDPDEPVLLEEPVVLALAEK
YGRSPAQILLRWQVQRKVICIPKSITPSRILQNIKVFDFTFSPEEMKQLNALNKNWRYIV
PMLTVDGKRVPRDAGHPLYPFNDPY

• Caprolactam degradation (map00930 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )

• an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCTTCCTGTGTTCTACTGCACACTGGGCAGAAGATGCCTCTGATTGGTCTGGGT
ACCTGGAAGAGTGAGCCTGGTCAGGTAAAAGCAGCTGTTAAGTATGCCCTTAGCGTAGGC
TACCGCCACATTGATTGTGCTGCTATCTACGGCAATGAGCCTGAGATTGGGGAGGCCCTG
AAGGAGGACGTGGGACCAGGCAAGGCGGTGCCTCGGGAGGAGCTGTTTGTGACATCCAAG
CTGTGGAACACCAAGCACCACCCCGAGGATGTGGAGCCTGCCCTCCGGAAGACTCTGGCT
GACCTCCAGCTGGAGTATCTGGACCTGTACCTGATGCACTGGCCTTATGCCTTTGAGCGG
GGAGACAACCCCTTCCCCAAGAATGCTGATGGGACTATATGCTACGACTCCACCCACTAC
AAGGAGACTTGGAAGGCTCTGGAGGCACTGGTGGCTAAGGGGCTGGTGCAGGCGCTGGGC
CTGTCCAACTTCAACAGTCGGCAGATTGATGACATACTCAGTGTGGCCTCCGTGCGTCCA
GCTGTCTTGCAGGTGGAATGCCACCCATACTTGGCTCAAAATGAGCTAATTGCCCACTGC
CAAGCACGTGGCTTGGAGGTAACTGCTTATAGCCCTTTGGGCTCCTCTGATCGTGCATGG
CGTGATCCTGATGAGCCTGTCCTGCTGGAGGAACCAGTAGTCCTGGCATTGGCTGAAAAG
TATGGCCGATCTCCAGCTCAGATCTTGCTCAGGTGGCAGGTCCAGCGGAAAGTGATCTGC
ATCCCCAAAAGTATCACTCCTTCTCGAATCCTTCAGAACATCAAGGTGTTTGACTTCACC
TTTAGCCCAGAAGAGATGAAGCAGCTAAATGCCCTGAACAAAAATTGGAGATATATTGTG
CCTATGCTTACGGTGGATGGGAAGAGAGTCCCAAGGGATGCAGGGCATCCTCTGTACCCC
TTTAATGACCCGTACTGA

1. Bohren KM, Bullock B, Wermuth B, Gabbay KH: The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 5;264(16):9547-51. [PubMed ]
2. Barski OA, Gabbay KH, Bohren KM: Characterization of the human aldehyde reductase gene and promoter. Genomics. 1999 Sep 1;60(2):188-98. [PubMed ]
3. Wermuth B, Omar A, Forster A, di Francesco C, Wolf M, von Wartburg JP, Bullock B, Gabbay KH: Primary structure of aldehyde reductase from human liver. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;232:297-307. [PubMed ]
4. Barski OA, Gabbay KH, Grimshaw CE, Bohren KM: Mechanism of human aldehyde reductase: characterization of the active site pocket. Biochemistry. 1995 Sep 5;34(35):11264-75. [PubMed ]

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8

MKDEPRSTNLFMKLDSVFIWKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNLTLVLLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSE
ISQGTEKVLAEVLPQYLDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHKLDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAT
KHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFCYFNAGQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLL
PALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGCGRVAIGGQSNESDRYIAPTVL
VDVQETEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSVDEAIKFINRQEKPLALYAFSNSSQVVNQMLERT
SSGSFGGNEGFTYISLLSVPFGGVGHSGMGRYHGKFTFDTFSHHRTCLLAPSGLEKLKEI
RYPPYTDWNQQLLRWGMGSQSCTLL

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGAAGGATGAACCACGGTCCACGAACCTGTTCATGAAGCTGGACTCGGTCTTCATCTGG
AAGGAACCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATCGCACCCTGGAACTACCCATTGAACCTGACC
CTGGTGCTCCTGGTGGGCACCCTCCCCGCAGGGAATTGCGTGGTGCTGAAGCCGTCAGAA
ATCAGCCAGGGCACAGAGAAGGTCCTGGCTGAGGTGCTGCCCCAGTACCTGGACCAGAGC
TGCTTTGCCGTGGTGCTGGGCGGACCCCAGGAGACAGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAAGTTG
GACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTCATGACTGCTGCCACC
AAGCACCTGACGCCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCCTGCTACGTGGACGAC
AACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCTGCTACTTCAATGCCGGC
CAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCTGACTACGTCCTGTGCAGCCCCGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTGCTG
CCCGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCAAAC
CTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGCGGC
CGCGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCAACGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTGCTG
GTGGACGTGCAGGAGACGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTGCCC
ATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCGTGGACGAGGCCATCAAGTTCATCAACCGGCAGGAGAAGCCC
CTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGACAGGTTGTGAACCAGATGCTGGAGCGGACC
AGCAGCGGCAGCTTTGGAGGCAATGAGGGCTTCACCTACATATCTCTGCTGTCCGTGCCA
TTCGGGGGAGTCGGCCACAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCACGGCAAGTTCACCTTCGACACC
TTCTCCCACCACCGCACCTGCCTGCTCGCCCCCTCCGGCCTGGAGAAATTAAAGGAGATC
CGCTACCCACCCTATACCGACTGGAACCAGCAGCTGTTACGCTGGGGCATGGGCTCCCAG
AGCTGCACCCTCCTGTGA

1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Lin SW, Yoshida A: Cloning and characterization of genes encoding four additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;372:159-68. [PubMed ]
2. Hsu LC, Chang WC: Sequencing and expression of the human ALDH8 encoding a new member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Gene. 1996 Oct 3;174(2):319-22. [PubMed ]

1. Alcohol dehydrogenase class III
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase class chi chain
3. S-
4. hydroxymethylglutathione dehydrogenase
5. Glutathione- dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
6. FDH

MANEVIKCKAAVAWEAGKPLSIEEIEVAPPKAHEVRIKIIATAVCHTDAYTLSGADPEGC
FPVILGHEGAGIVESVGEGVTKLKAGDTVIPLYIPQCGECKFCLNPKTNLCQKIRVTQGK
GLMPDGTSRFTCKGKTILHYMGTSTFSEYTVVADISVAKIDPLAPLDKVCLLGCGISTGY
GAAVNTAKLEPGSVCAVFGLGGVGLAVIMGCKVAGASRIIGVDINKDKFARAKEFGATEC
INPQDFSKPIQEVLIEMTDGGVDYSFECIGNVKVMRAALEACHKGWGVSVVVGVAASGEE
IATRPFQLVTGRTWKGTAFGGWKSVESVPKLVSEYMSKKIKVDEFVTHNLSFDEINKAFE
LMHSGKSIRTVVKI

• 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation (map00624 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGAACGAGGTTATCAAGTGCAAGGCTGCAGTTGCTTGGGAGGCTGGAAAGCCTCTC
TCCATAGAGGAGATAGAGGTGGCACCCCCAAAGGCTCATGAAGTTCGAATCAAGATCATT
GCCACTGCGGTTTGCCACACCGATGCCTATACCCTGAGTGGAGCTGATCCTGAGGGTTGT
TTTCCAGTGATCTTGGGACATGAAGGTGCTGGAATTGTGGAAAGTGTTGGTGAGGGAGTT
ACTAAGCTGAAGGCGGGTGACACTGTCATCCCACTTTACATCCCACAGTGTGGAGAATGC
AAATTTTGTCTAAATCCTAAAACTAACCTTTGCCAGAAGATAAGAGTCACTCAAGGGAAA
GGATTAATGCCAGATGGTACCAGCAGATTTACTTGCAAAGGAAAGACAATTTTGCATTAC
ATGGGAACCAGCACATTTTCTGAATACACAGTTGTGGCTGATATCTCTGTTGCTAAAATA
GATCCTTTAGCACCTTTGGATAAAGTCTGCCTTCTAGGTTGTGGCATTTCAACCGGTTAT
GGTGCTGCTGTGAACACTGCCAAGTTGGAGCCTGGCTCTGTTTGTGCCGTCTTTGGTCTG
GGAGGAGTCGGATTGGCAGTTATCATGGGCTGTAAAGTGGCTGGTGCTTCCCGGATCATT
GGTGTGGACATCAATAAAGATAAATTTGCAAGGGCCAAAGAGTTTGGAGCCACTGAATGT
ATTAACCCTCAGGATTTTAGTAAACCCATCCAGGAAGTGCTCATTGAGATGACCGATGGA
GGAGTGGACTATTCCTTTGAATGTATTGGTAATGTGAAGGTCATGAGAGCAGCACTTGAG
GCATGTCACAAGGGCTGGGGCGTCAGCGTCGTGGTTGGAGTAGCTGCTTCAGGTGAAGAA
ATTGCCACTCGTCCATTCCAGCTGGTAACAGGTCGCACATGGAAAGGCACTGCCTTTGGA
GGATGGAAGAGTGTAGAAAGTGTCCCAAAGTTGGTGTCTGAATATATGTCCAAAAAGATA
AAAGTTGATGAATTTGTGACTCACAATCTGTCTTTTGATGAAATCAACAAAGCCTTTGAA
CTGATGCATTCTGGAAAGAGCATTCGAACTGTTGTAAAGATTTAA

1. Sharma CP, Fox EA, Holmquist B, Jornvall H, Vallee BL: cDNA sequence of human class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Oct 31;164(2):631-7. [PubMed ]
2. Giri PR, Krug JF, Kozak C, Moretti T, O'Brien SJ, Seuanez HN, Goldman D: Cloning and comparative mapping of a human class III (chi) alcohol dehydrogenase cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Oct 16;164(1):453-60. [PubMed ]
3. Hur MW, Edenberg HJ: Cloning and characterization of the ADH5 gene encoding human alcohol dehydrogenase 5, formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Gene. 1992 Nov 16;121(2):305-11. [PubMed ]
4. Kaiser R, Holmquist B, Hempel J, Vallee BL, Jornvall H: Class III human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: a novel structural type equidistantly related to the class I and class II enzymes. Biochemistry. 1988 Feb 23;27(4):1132-40. [PubMed ]
5. Holmquist B, Moulis JM, Engeland K, Vallee BL: Role of arginine 115 in fatty acid activation and formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity of human class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochemistry. 1993 May 18;32(19):5139-44. [PubMed ]
6. Engeland K, Hoog JO, Holmquist B, Estonius M, Jornvall H, Vallee BL: Mutation of Arg-115 of human class III alcohol dehydrogenase: a binding site required for formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity and fatty acid activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2491-4. [PubMed ]
7. Yang ZN, Bosron WF, Hurley TD: Structure of human chi chi alcohol dehydrogenase: a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol. 1997 Jan 24;265(3):330-43. [PubMed ]

1. Alcohol dehydrogenase beta subunit

MSTAGKVIKCKAAVLWEVKKPFSIEDVEVAPPKAYEVRIKMVAVGICRTDDHVVSGNLVT
PLPVILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTTVKPGDKVIPLFTPQCGKCRVCKNPESNYCLKNDLGNP
RGTLQDGTRRFTCRGKPIHHFLGTSTFSQYTVVDENAVAKIDAASPLEKVCLIGCGFSTG
YGSAVNVAKVTPGSTCAVFGLGGVGLSAVMGCKAAGAARIIAVDINKDKFAKAKELGATE
CINPQDYKKPIQEVLKEMTDGGVDFSFEVIGRLDTMMASLLCCHEACGTSVIVGVPPASQ
NLSINPMLLLTGRTWKGAVYGGFKSKEGIPKLVADFMAKKFSLDALITHVLPFEKINEGF
DLLHSGKSIRTVLTF

• 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation (map00624 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None

ATGAGCACAGCAGGAAAAGTAATCAAATGCAAAGCAGCTGTGCTATGGGAGGTAAAGAAA
CCCTTTTCCATTGAGGATGTGGAGGTTGCACCTCCTAAGGCTTATGAAGTTCGCATTAAG
ATGGTGGCTGTAGGAATCTGTCGCACAGATGACCACGTGGTTAGTGGCAACCTGGTGACC
CCCCTTCCTGTGATTTTAGGCCATGAGGCAGCCGGCATCGTGGAGAGTGTTGGAGAAGGG
GTGACTACAGTCAAACCAGGTGATAAAGTCATCCCGCTCTTTACTCCTCAGTGTGGAAAA
TGCAGAGTTTGTAAAAACCCGGAGAGCAACTACTGCTTGAAAAATGATCTAGGCAATCCT
CGGGGGACCCTGCAGGATGGCACCAGGAGGTTCACCTGCAGGGGGAAGCCCATTCACCAC
TTCCTTGGCACCAGCACCTTCTCCCAGTACACGGTGGTGGATGAGAATGCAGTGGCCAAA
ATTGATGCAGCCTCGCCCCTGGAGAAAGTCTGCCTCATTGGCTGTGGATTCTCGACTGGT
TATGGGTCTGCAGTTAACGTTGCCAAGGTCACCCCAGGCTCTACCTGTGCTGTGTTTGGC
CTGGGAGGGGTCGGCCTATCTGCTGTTATGGGCTGTAAAGCAGCTGGAGCAGCCAGAATC
ATTGCGGTGGACATCAACAAGGACAAAAAAGCAAAGGCCAAAGAGTTGGGTGCCACTGAA
TGCATCAACCCTCAAGACTACAAGAAACCCATCCAGGAAGTGCTAAAGGAAATGACTGAT
GGAGGTGTGGATTTTTCGTTTGAAGTCATCGGTCGGCTTGACACCATGATGGCTTCCCTG
TTATGTTGTCATGAGGCATGTGGCACAAGCGTCATCGTAGGGGTACCTCCTGCTTCCCAG
AACCTCTCAATAAACCCTATGCTGCTACTGACTGGACGCACCTGGAAGGGGGCTGTTTAT
GGTGGCTTTAAGAGTAAAGAAGGTATCCCAAAACTTGTGGCTGATTTTATGGCTAAGAAG
TTTTCACTGGATGCGTTAATAACCCATGTTTTACCTTTTGAAAAAATAAATGAAGGATTT
GACCTGCTTCACTCTGGGAAAAGTATCCGTACCGTCCTGACGTTTTGA

1. Heden LO, Hoog JO, Larsson K, Lake M, Lagerholm E, Holmgren A, Vallee BL, Jornvall H, von Bahr-Lindstrom H: cDNA clones coding for the beta-subunit of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase have differently sized 3'-non-coding regions. FEBS Lett. 1986 Jan 6;194(2):327-32. [PubMed ]
2. Duester G, Smith M, Bilanchone V, Hatfield GW: Molecular analysis of the human class I alcohol dehydrogenase gene family and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the beta subunit. J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 15;261(5):2027-33. [PubMed ]
3. Ikuta T, Szeto S, Yoshida A: Three human alcohol dehydrogenase subunits: cDNA structure and molecular and evolutionary divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(3):634-8. [PubMed ]
4. Carr LG, Xu Y, Ho WH, Edenberg HJ: Nucleotide sequence of the ADH2(3) gene encoding the human alcohol dehydrogenase beta 3 subunit. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1989 Aug;13(4):594-6. [PubMed ]
5. Matsuo Y, Yokoyama R, Yokoyama S: The genes for human alcohol dehydrogenases beta 1 and beta 2 differ by only one nucleotide. Eur J Biochem. 1989 Aug 1;183(2):317-20. [PubMed ]
6. Hempel J, Buhler R, Kaiser R, Holmquist B, de Zalenski C, von Wartburg JP, Vallee B, Jornvall H: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. 1. The primary structure of the beta 1 beta 1 isoenzyme. Eur J Biochem. 1984 Dec 17;145(3):437-45. [PubMed ]
7. Xu YL, Carr LG, Bosron WF, Li TK, Edenberg HJ: Genotyping of human alcohol dehydrogenases at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci following DNA sequence amplification. Genomics. 1988 Apr;2(3):209-14. [PubMed ]
8. Jornvall H, Hempel J, Vallee BL, Bosron WF, Li TK: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: amino acid substitution in the beta 2 beta 2 Oriental isozyme explains functional properties, establishes an active site structure, and parallels mutational exchanges in the yeast enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(10):3024-8. [PubMed ]
9. Burnell JC, Carr LG, Dwulet FE, Edenberg HJ, Li TK, Bosron WF: The human beta 3 alcohol dehydrogenase subunit differs from beta 1 by a Cys for Arg-369 substitution which decreases NAD(H) binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Aug 14;146(3):1127-33. [PubMed ]
10. Hurley TD, Bosron WF, Hamilton JA, Amzel LM: Structure of human beta 1 beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase: catalytic effects of non-active-site substitutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):8149-53. [PubMed ]
11. Hurley TD, Bosron WF, Stone CL, Amzel LM: Structures of three human beta alcohol dehydrogenase variants. Correlations with their functional differences. J Mol Biol. 1994 Jun 10;239(3):415-29. [PubMed ]
12. Davis GJ, Bosron WF, Stone CL, Owusu-Dekyi K, Hurley TD: X-ray structure of human beta3beta3 alcohol dehydrogenase. The contribution of ionic interactions to coenzyme binding. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 19;271(29):17057-61. [PubMed ]
13. Niederhut MS, Gibbons BJ, Perez-Miller S, Hurley TD: Three-dimensional structures of the three human class I alcohol dehydrogenases. Protein Sci. 2001 Apr;10(4):697-706. [PubMed ]
14. Borras E, Coutelle C, Rosell A, Fernandez-Muixi F, Broch M, Crosas B, Hjelmqvist L, Lorenzo A, Gutierrez C, Santos M, Szczepanek M, Heilig M, Quattrocchi P, Farres J, Vidal F, Richart C, Mach T, Bogdal J, Jornvall H, Seitz HK, Couzigou P, Pares X: Genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase in europeans: the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism and is associated with ADH3*1. Hepatology. 2000 Apr;31(4):984-9. [PubMed ]

1. Alcohol dehydrogenase gamma subunit

MSTAGKVIKCKAAVLWELKKPFSIEEVEVAPPKAHEVRIKMVAAGICRSDEHVVSGNLVT
PLPVILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTTVKPGDKVIPLFTPQCGKCRICKNPESNYCLKNDLGNP
RGTLQDGTRRFTCSGKPIHHFVGVSTFSQYTVVDENAVAKIDAASPLEKVCLIGCGFSTG
YGSAVKVAKVTPGSTCAVFGLGGVGLSVVMGCKAAGAARIIAVDINKDKFAKAKELGATE
CINPQDYKKPIQEVLKEMTDGGVDFSFEVIGRLDTMMASLLCCHEACGTSVIVGVPPDSQ
NLSINPMLLLTGRTWKGAIFGGFKSKESVPKLVADFMAKKFSLDALITNILPFEKINEGF
DLLRSGKSIRTVLTF

• 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation (map00624 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None

ATGAGCACAGCAGGAAAAGTAATCAAATGCAAAGCAGCTGTGCTATGGGAGTTAAAGAAA
CCCTTTTCCATTGAGGAGGTAGAGGTTGCACCTCCTAAGGCTCATGAAGTTCGCATTAAG
ATGGTGGCTGCAGGAATCTGTCGTTCAGATGAGCATGTGGTTAGTGGCAACCTGGTGACC
CCCCTTCCTGTGATTTTAGGCCATGAGGCAGCCGGCATCGTGGAAAGTGTTGGAGAAGGG
GTGACTACAGTCAAACCAGGTGATAAAGTCATCCCGCTCTTTACTCCTCAGTGTGGAAAA
TGCAGAATTTGCAAAAACCCAGAAAGCAACTACTGCTTGAAAAATGATCTAGGCAATCCT
CGGGGGACCCTGCAGGATGGCACCAGGAGGTTCACCTGCAGCGGGAAGCCCATCCACCAC
TTCGTCGGCGTCAGCACCTTCTCCCAGTACACAGTGGTGGATGAGAATGCAGTAGCCAAA
ATTGATGCAGCCTCGCCCCTGGAGAAAGTCTGCCTCATTGGCTGTGGATTTTCGACTGGT
TATGGGTCTGCAGTCAAAGTTGCCAAGGTCACCCCAGGGTCTACCTGTGCTGTGTTTGGC
CTGGGAGGGGTCGGCCTATCTGTTGTTATGGGCTGTAAAGCAGCTGGAGCAGCCAGAATC
ATTGCTGTGGACATCAACAAGGACAAATTTGCAAAGGCTAAAGAGTTGGGTGCCACTGAA
TGCATCAACCCTCAAGACTACAAGAAACCCATTCAGGAAGTGCTAAAGGAAATGACTGAT
GGAGGTGTGGATTTTTCGTTTGAAGTCATCGGTCAGCTTGACACCATGATGGCTTCCCTG
TTATGTTGTCATGAGGCATGTGGCACAAGTGTCATTGTAGGGGTACCTCCTGATTCCCAG
AACCTCTCAATAAACCCTATGCTGCTACTGACTGGACGCACGTGGAAAGGAGCTATTTTT
GGAGGCTTTAAGAGTAAAGAATCTGTCCCCAAACTTGTGGCTGACTTTATGGCTAAGAAG
TTTTCACTGGATGCATTAATAACAAATGTTTTACCTTTTGAAAAAATAAATGAAGGATTT
GACCTGCTTCGCTCTGGAAAGAGTATCCGTACCGTCCTGACGTTTTGA

1. Hoog JO, Heden LO, Larsson K, Jornvall H, von Bahr-Lindstrom H: The gamma 1 and gamma 2 subunits of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. cDNA structures, two amino acid replacements, and compatibility with changes in the enzymatic properties. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Sep 1;159(2):215-8. [PubMed ]
2. Ikuta T, Szeto S, Yoshida A: Three human alcohol dehydrogenase subunits: cDNA structure and molecular and evolutionary divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(3):634-8. [PubMed ]
3. Yokoyama S, Matsuo Y, Rajasekharan S, Yokoyama R: Molecular structure of the human alcohol dehydrogenase 3 gene. Jpn J Genet. 1992 Apr;67(2):167-71. [PubMed ]
4. Buhler R, Hempel J, Kaiser R, de Zalenski C, von Wartburg JP, Jornvall H: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. 2. The primary structure of the gamma 1 protein chain. Eur J Biochem. 1984 Dec 17;145(3):447-53. [PubMed ]

1. Phosphodeoxyriboaldolase
2. Deoxyriboaldolase
3. DERA

MSAHNRGTELDLSWISKIQVNHPAVLRRAEQIQARRTVKKEWQAAWLLKAVTFIDLTTLS
GDDTSSNIQRLCYKAKYPIREDLLKALNMHDKGITTAAVCVYPARVCDAVKALKAAGCNI
PVASVAAGFPAGQTHLKTRLEEIRLAVEDGATEIDVVINRSLVLTGQWEALYDEIRQFRK
ACGEAHLKTILATGELGTLTNVYKASMIAMMAGSDFIKTSTGKETVNATFPVAIVMLRAI
RDFFWKTGNKIGFKPAGGIRSAKDSLAWLSLVKEELGDEWLKPELFRIGASTLLSDIERQ
IYHHVTGRYAAYHDLPMS

• Pentose Pathway (map00030 )

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

• DeoC (PF01791 )

• None

• None

ATGGTAACAGCTTTCAGGAGCCTACCACGCGGCAGCTCCGGAGCTGCCGCGTCCATGTCC
GCGCACAATCGGGGCACCGAGCTCGACCTTAGCTGGATCTCCAAAATACAAGTGAATCAC
CCGGCAGTTCTGAGGCGTGCGGAACAAATCCAGGCTCGCAGAACCGTGAAAAAGGAGTGG
CAGGCTGCTTGGCTCCTGAAAGCTGTTACCTTTATAGATCTTACTACACTTTCAGGTGAT
GATACATCTTCCAACATTCAAAGGCTCTGTTATAAAGCCAAATACCCAATCCGGGAAGAT
CTCTTAAAAGCTTTAAATATGCATGATAAAGGCATTACTACAGCCGCCGTTTGTGTTTAT
CCCGCCCGGGTGTGTGATGCTGTAAAAGCACTCAAGGCTGCAGGCTGTAATATCCCTGTG
GCATCAGTGGCCGCTGGATTTCCAGCTGGACAGACTCATTTGAAGACACGATTAGAAGAG
ATCAGATTGGCTGTGGAAGATGGAGCTACAGAAATCGACGTGGTAATTAACAGAAGCTTG
GTGCTGACAGGCCAGTGGGAAGCCCTGTATGATGAGATTCGTCAGTTTCGCAAGGCCTGT
GGGGAGGCTCATCTTAAAACTATATTAGCGACAGGAGAACTTGGAACTCTTACTAATGTC
TATAAAGCCAGTATGATAGCAATGATGGCAGGATCAGATTTTATTAAGACCTCTACTGGA
AAAGAAACAGTAAATGCCACCTTCCCGGTAGCTATAGTAATGCTGCGGGCCATTAGAGAT
TTCTTCTGGAAAACTGGAAACAAGATAGGGTTTAAACCAGCAGGAGGCATCCGCAGTGCA
AAGGATTCCCTTGCTTGGCTCTCTCTTGTAAAGGAGGAGCTTGGAGATGAGTGGCTGAAG
CCAGAACTCTTTCGAATAGGTGCCAGTACTCTGCTCTCGGACATTGAGAGGCAGATTTAC
CATCATGTGACTGGAAGATATGCAGCTTATCATGATCTTCCAATGTCTTAA

1. Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res. 2000 May;10(5):703-13. [PubMed ]

1. ADH1alpha subunit mRNA
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
3. Class I, alpha polypeptide, isoform CRA_b

MSTAGKVIKCKAAVLWELKKPFSIEEVEVAPPKAHEVRIKMVAVGICGTDDHVVSGTMVT
PLPVILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTTVKPGDKVIPLAIPQCGKCRICKNPESNYCLKNDVSNP
QGTLQDGTSRFTCRRKPIHHFLGISTFSQYTVVDENAVAKIDAASPLEKVCLIGCGFSTG
YGSAVNVAKVTPGSTCAVFGLGGVGLSAIMGCKAAGAARIIAVDINKDKFAKAKELGATE
CINPQDYKKPIQEVLKEMTDGGVDFSFEVIGRLDTMMASLLCCHEACGTSVIVGVPPDSQ
NLSMNPMLLLTGRTWKGAILGGFKSKECVPKLVADFMAKKFSLDALITHVLPFEKINEGF
DLLHSGKSIRTILMF

• None

• None

MDPLGDTLRRLREAFHAGRTRPAEFRAAQLQGLGRFLQENKQLLHDALAQDLHKSAFESE
VSEVAISQGEVTLALRNLRAWMKDERVPKNLATQLDSAFIRKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNL
TLVPLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSEISKNVEKILAEVLPQYVDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHR
FDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFRYFNA
GQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLLPALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGC
GRVAIGGQSDESDRYIAPTVLVDVQEMEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSLDEAIEFINRREK
PLALYAFSNSSQVVKRVLTQTSSGGFCGNDGFMHMTLASLPFGGVGASGMGRYHGKFSFD
TFSHHRACLLRSPGMEKLNALRYPPQSPRRLRMLLVAMEAQGCSCTLL

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGGACCCCCTTGGGGACACGCTGCGGCGACTGCGGGAGGCCTTCCACGCGGGGCGCACG
CGGCCAGCTGAGTTCCGGGCTGCGCAGCTCCAAGGCCTGGGCCGCTTCCTGCAAGAAAAC
AAGCAGCTTCTGCACGACGCACTGGCCCAGGACCTGCACAAGTCAGCCTTCGAGTCGGAG
GTGTCTGAGGTTGCCATCAGCCAGGGCGAGGTCACCCTGGCCCTCAGGAACCTCCGGGCC
TGGATGAAGGACGAGCGTGTGCCCAAGAACCTGGCCACGCAGCTGGACTCCGCCTTCATC
CGGAAGGAGCCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATTGCGCCCTGGAACTATCCGCTGAACCTG
ACGCTGGTGCCCCTCGTGGGAGCCCTCGCTGCAGGGAACTGTGTGGTGCTGAAGCCATCG
GAGATTAGCAAGAACGTCGAGAAGATCCTGGCCGAGGTGCTGCCCCAATACGTGGACCAG
AGCTGCTTTGCTGTGGTGCTGGGCGGGCCCCAGGAGACGGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAGG
TTCGACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTTATGACTGCTGCC
GCCAAGCACCTGACACCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCTTGCTACGTGGAC
GACAACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCCGCTACTTCAACGCC
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCCGACTACGTCCTATGCAGCCCTGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTG
CTGCCTGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCA
AACCTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGC
GGCCGTGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCGATGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTG
CTGGTGGATGTGCAGGAGATGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTG
CCCATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCTTGGACGAGGCCATCGAGTTCATCAACCGGCGGGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGCCAGGTGGTCAAGCGGGTGCTGACCCAG
ACCAGCAGCGGGGGCTTCTGTGGGAACGACGGCTTCATGCACATGACCCTGGCCAGCCTG
CCTTTTGGAGGAGTGGGTGCCAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCATGGCAAGTTCTCCTTCGAC
ACCTTCTCCCACCATCGCGCCTGCCTCCTGCGCAGCCCGGGGATGGAGAAGCTCAACGCC
CTCCGCTACCCGCCGCAATCGCCGCGCCGCCTGAGGATGCTGCTGGTGGCCATGGAGGCC
CAAGGCTGCAGCTGCACACTGCTCTGA

MGTKGKVIKCKAAIAWEAGKPLCIEEVEVAPPKAHEVRIQIIATSLCHTDATVIDSKFEG
LAFPVIVGHEAAGIVESIGPGVTNVKPGDKVIPLYAPLCRKCKFCLSPLTNLCGKISNLK
SPASDQQLMEDKTSRFTCKGKPVYHFFGTSTFSQYTVVSDINLAKIDDDANLERVCLLGC
GFSTGYGAAINNAKVTPGSTCAVFGLGGVGLSAVMGCKAAGASRIIGIDINSEKFVKAKA
LGATDCLNPRDLHKPIQEVIIELTKGGVDFALDCAGGSETMKAALDCTTAGWGSCTFIGV
AAGSKGLTIFPEELIIGRTINGTFFGGWKSVDSIPKLVTDYKNKKFNLDALVTHTLPFDK
ISEAFDLMNQGKSVRTILIF

• None

• None

ATGGGCACCAAGGGCAAAGTTATTAAATGCAAAGCAGCCATCGCCTGGGAAGCAGGCAAG
CCCCTTTGCATTGAAGAGGTTGAAGTAGCTCCCCCCAAGGCTCATGAAGTTCGCATTCAG
ATCATTGCTACCTCCCTGTGCCATACTGATGCCACTGTTATCGATTCTAAATTTGAGGGC
CTAGCTTTCCCAGTGATCGTTGGCCATGAGGCTGCAGGTATTGTGGAAAGTATTGGGCCA
GGAGTGACCAACGTCAAACCAGGTGACAAAGTAATTCCACTTTATGCACCTCTATGTAGA
AAATGCAAGTTTTGTCTGAGTCCACTCACAAATTTGTGTGGGAAAATCAGTAATCTCAAA
AGTCCTGCTAGTGATCAACAACTAATGGAAGACAAAACCAGCAGGTTTACCTGCAAAGGA
AAACCAGTTTACCATTTCTTTGGAACCAGTACATTCTCTCAGTACACTGTGGTGTCAGAT
ATCAATCTTGCCAAAATAGATGATGATGCAAATTTAGAGAGAGTTTGTCTGCTTGGATGT
GGGTTTTCAACTGGCTATGGGGCTGCAATCAACAATGCCAAGGTCACCCCTGGTTCGACT
TGTGCTGTCTTTGGCCTAGGAGGTGTGGGTCTTTCTGCTGTAATGGGTTGTAAAGCAGCA
GGAGCTTCCAGAATCATAGGTATTGACATCAACAGTGAGAAGTTTGTGAAGGCTAAAGCC
CTGGGAGCCACTGACTGCCTCAATCCTAGAGACTTACATAAACCAATCCAGGAAGTTATC
ATTGAATTGACCAAGGGAGGTGTGGATTTTGCCCTTGACTGTGCAGGTGGATCTGAAACC
ATGAAAGCAGCCCTGGACTGTACAACCGCAGGCTGGGGATCATGTACTTTCATTGGAGTA
GCTGCTGGTAGCAAAGGATTGACTATTTTTCCAGAGGAGCTAATAATCGGCCGTACTATA
AATGGAACATTCTTTGGTGGTTGGAAAAGTGTAGATTCTATCCCAAAGCTGGTCACTGAC
TATAAGAATAAGAAATTCAATCTGGATGCATTGGTGACCCATACCCTGCCTTTTGACAAA
ATCAGTGAGGCATTTGACCTAATGAACCAAGGAAAAAGCGTCCGAACAATCCTCATCTTT
TGA

MFAEIQIQDKDRMGTAGKVIKCKAAVLWEQKQPFSIEEIEVAPPKTKEVRIKILATGICR
TDDHVIKGTMVSKFPVIVGHEATGIVESIGEGVTTVKPGDKVIPLFLPQCRECNACRNPD
GNLCIRSDITGRGVLADGTTRFTCKGKPVHHFMNTSTFTEYTVVDESSVAKIDDAAPPEK
VCLIGCGFSTGYGAAVKTGKVKPGSTCVVFGLGGVGLSVIMGCKSAGASRIIGIDLNKDK
FEKAMAVGATECISPKDSTKPISEVLSEMTGNNVGYTFEVIGHLETMIDALASCHMNYGT
SVVVGVPPSAKMLTYDPMLLFTGRTWKGCVFGGLKSRDDVPKLVTEFLAKKFDLDQLITH
VLPFKKISEGFELLNSGQSIRTVLTF

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None

ATGTTTGCAGAAATACAGATCCAAGACAAAGACAGGATGGGCACTGCTGGAAAAGTTATT
AAATGCAAAGCAGCTGTGCTTTGGGAGCAGAAGCAACCCTTCTCCATTGAGGAAATAGAA
GTTGCCCCACCAAAGACTAAAGAAGTTCGCATTAAGATTTTGGCCACAGGAATCTGTCGC
ACAGATGACCATGTGATAAAAGGAACAATGGTGTCCAAGTTTCCAGTGATTGTGGGACAT
GAGGCAACTGGGATTGTAGAGAGCATTGGAGAAGGAGTGACTACAGTGAAACCAGGTGAC
AAAGTCATCCCTCTCTTTCTGCCACAATGTAGAGAATGCAATGCTTGTCGCAACCCAGAT
GGCAACCTTTGCATTAGGAGCGATATTACTGGTCGTGGAGTACTGGCTGATGGCACCACC
AGATTTACATGCAAGGGCAAACCAGTCCACCACTTCATGAACACCAGTACATTTACCGAG
TACACAGTGGTGGATGAATCTTCTGTTGCTAAGATTGATGATGCAGCTCCTCCTGAGAAA
GTCTGTTTAATTGGCTGTGGGTTTTCCACTGGATATGGCGCTGCTGTTAAAACTGGCAAG
GTCAAACCTGGTTCCACTTGCGTCGTCTTTGGCCTGGGAGGAGTTGGCCTGTCAGTCATC
ATGGGCTGTAAGTCAGCTGGTGCATCTAGGATCATTGGGATTGACCTCAACAAAGACAAA
TTTGAGAAGGCCATGGCTGTAGGTGCCACTGAGTGTATCAGTCCCAAGGACTCTACCAAA
CCCATCAGTGAGGTGCTGTCAGAAATGACAGGCAACAACGTGGGATACACCTTTGAAGTT
ATTGGGCATCTTGAAACCATGATTGATGCCCTGGCATCCTGCCACATGAACTATGGGACC
AGCGTGGTTGTAGGAGTTCCTCCATCAGCCAAGATGCTCACCTATGACCCGATGTTGCTC
TTCACTGGACGCACATGGAAGGGATGTGTCTTTGGAGGTTTGAAAAGCAGAGATGATGTC
CCAAAACTAGTGACTGAGTTCCTGGCAAAGAAATTTGACCTGGACCAGTTGATAACTCAT
GTTTTACCATTTAAAAAAATCAGTGAAGGATTTGAGCTGCTCAATTCAGGACAAAGCATT
CGAACGGTCCTGACGTTTTGA

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed ]

MSTTGQVIRCKAAILWKPGAPFSIEEVEVAPPKAKEVRIKVVATGLCGTEMKVLGSKHLD
LLYPTILGHEGAGIVESIGEGVSTVKPGDKVITLFLPQCGECTSCLNSEGNFCIQFKQSK
TQLMSDGTSRFTCKGKSIYHFGNTSTFCEYTVIKEISVAKIDAVAPLEKVCLISCGFSTG
FGAAINTAKVTPGSTCAVFGLGGVGLSVVMGCKAAGAARIIGVDVNKEKFKKAQELGATE
CLNPQDLKKPIQEVLFDMTDAGIDFRFEAIGNLDVLAAALASCNESYGVCVVVGVLPASV
QLKISGQLFFSGRSLKGSVFGGWKSRQHIPKLVADYMAEKLNLDPLITHTLNLDKINEAV
ELMKTGKCIRCILLL

• an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+ [RN:R07326 R07327] ALL_REAC R07326 > R00623 R00754 R01036 R04805 R04880 R06917 R06927
• R07327 > R00624
• (other) R01041 R05233 R05234 R07105

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None