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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for N'-Formylkynurenine (HMDB01200)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2010-04-26 12:38:39
Accession Number HMDB01200
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name N'-Formylkynurenine
Description Plays an especially improtant role in photobiological responses. The excited states of N-formylkynurenine react to produce hydroxyl radicals.
Synonyms
  1. 3-(N-formylanthraniloyl)-Alanine
  2. Formylkynurenine
  3. N'-Formylkynurenine
  4. N'-formyl-Kynurenine
  5. N-Formyl-L-kynurenine
  6. alpha-amino-2-(formylamino)-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate
  7. alpha-amino-2-(formylamino)-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoic acid
  8. N-formyl-D-kynurenine
  9. N-formyl-delta-kynurenine
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-4-(2-formamidophenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid
Chemical Formula C11H12N2O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
  • Amino Ketones
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • aromatic compound
  • alpha-aminoacid
Biofunction
  • Component of Tryptophan metabolism
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 236.224
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 236.079712
Isomeric SMILES NC(CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES NC(CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C02406 Link Image
BioCyc ID N-FORMYLKYNURENINE Link Image
BiGG ID 1445551 Link Image
Wikipedia Link N'-Formylkynurenine Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01200 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01200 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 910 Link Image
PubChem Substance 710919 Link Image
ChEBI ID 18377 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 1022-31-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C11H12N2O4/c12-8(11(16)17)5-10(15)7-3-1-2-4-9(7)13-6-14/h1-4,6,8H,5,12H2,(H,13,14)(H,16,17)
Synthesis Reference Jayson, G. G.; Scholes, G.; Weiss, J. Formation of formylkynurenine by the action of x-rays on tryptophan in aqueous solution. Biochemical Journal (1954), 57 386-90.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.05 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.85 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -2.3 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tryptophan Metabolism SMP00063 Link Image map00380 Link Image
General References
  1. Wong PW, Forman P, Tabahoff B, Justice P: A defect in tryptophan metabolism. Pediatr Res. 1976 Aug;10(8):725-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
  2. Probable arylformamidase
  3. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
  4. cDNA FLJ75236, highly similar to Human tryptophan oxygenase
  5. Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5675
Enzyme 1 Name Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. TDO
  2. Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase
  3. Tryptophan oxygenase
  4. TO
  5. TRPO
  6. Tryptophan pyrrolase
  7. Tryptophanase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name TDO2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
MSGCPFLGNNFGYTFKKLPVEGSEEDKSQTGVNRASKGGLIYGNYLHLEKVLNAQELQSE
TKGNKIHDEHLFIITHQAYELWFKQILWELDSVREIFQNGHVRDERNMLKVVSRMHRVSV
ILKLLVQQFSILETMTALDFNDFREYLSPASGFQSLQFRLLENKIGVLQNMRVPYNRRHY
RDNFKGEENELLLKSEQEKTLLELVEAWLERTPGLEPHGFNFWGKLEKNITRGLEEEFIR
IQAKEESEEKEEQVAEFQKQKEVLLSLFDEKRHEHLLSKGERRLSYRALQGALMIYFYRE
EPRFQVPFQLLTSLMDIDSLMTKWRYNHVCMVHRMLGSKAGTGGSSGYHYLRSTVSDRYK
VFVDLFNLSTYLIPRHWIPKMNPTIHKFLYTAEYCDSSYFSSDESD
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 406
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 47871.2
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.93
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen
  • transition metal ion binding
  • tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process
  • cellular biogenic amine metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • indolalkylamine metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
  • tryptophan catabolic process
  • tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
  • tryptophan metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Incorporates oxygen into the indole moiety of tryptophan. Has a broad specificity towards tryptamine and derivatives including D- and L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine [RN:R00678]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48775 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name T23O_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1221 bp
ATGAGTGGGTGCCCATTTTTAGGAAACAACTTTGGATATACTTTTAAAAAACTCCCCGTA
GAAGGCAGCGAAGAAGACAAATCACAAACTGGTGTGAATAGAGCCAGCAAAGGAGGTCTT
ATCTATGGGAACTACCTGCATTTGGAAAAAGTTTTGAATGCACAAGAACTGCAAAGTGAA
ACAAAAGGAAATAAAATCCATGATGAACATCTTTTTATCATAACTCATCAAGCTTATGAA
CTCTGGTTTAAGCAAATCCTCTGGGAGTTGGATTCTGTTCGAGAGATCTTTCAGAATGGC
CATGTCAGAGATGAAAGGAACATGCTTAAGGTTGTTTCTCGGATGCACCGAGTGTCAGTG
ATCCTGAAACTGCTGGTGCAGCAGTTTTCCATTCTGGAGACGATGACAGCCTTGGACTTC
AATGACTTCAGAGAGTACTTATCTCCAGCATCAGGCTTCCAGAGTTTGCAATTCCGACTA
TTAGAAAACAAGATAGGTGTTCTTCAGAACATGAGAGTCCCTTATAACAGAAGACATTAT
CGTGATAACTTCAAAGGAGAAGAAAATGAACTGCTACTTAAATCTGAGCAGGAAAAGACA
CTTCTGGAATTAGTGGAGGCATGGCTGGAAAGAACTCCAGGTTTAGAGCCACATGGATTT
AACTTCTGGGGAAAGCTTGAAAAAAATATCACCAGAGGCCTGGAAGAGGAATTCATAAGG
ATTCAGGCTAAAGAAGAGTCTGAAGAAAAAGAGGAACAGGTGGCTGAATTTCAGAAGCAA
AAAGAGGTGCTACTGTCCTTATTTGATGAGAAACGTCATGAACATCTCCTTAGTAAAGGT
GAAAGACGGCTGTCATACAGAGCACTTCAGGGAGCATTGATGATATATTTTTACAGGGAA
GAGCCTAGGTTCCAGGTGCCTTTTCAGTTGCTGACTTCTCTTATGGACATAGATTCACTG
ATGACCAAATGGAGATATAACCATGTGTGCATGGTGCACAGAATGCTGGGCAGCAAAGCT
GGCACCGGTGGTTCCTCAGGCTATCACTACCTGCGATCAACTGTGAGTGATAGGTACAAG
GTATTTGTAGATTTATTTAATCTTTCAACATACCTGATTCCCCGACACTGGATACCGAAG
ATGAACCCAACCATTCACAAATTTCTATATACAGCAGAATACTGTGATAGCTCCTACTTC
AGCAGTGATGAATCAGATTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID U32989 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID TDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID TDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:11708 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 1 Locus 4q31-q32
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Comings DE, Muhleman D, Dietz G, Sherman M, Forest GL: Sequence of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2): presence of a glucocorticoid response-like element composed of a GTT repeat and an intronic CCCCT repeat. Genomics. 1995 Sep 20;29(2):390-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tao WA, Wollscheid B, O'Brien R, Eng JK, Li XJ, Bodenmiller B, Watts JD, Hood L, Aebersold R: Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry. Nat Methods. 2005 Aug;2(8):591-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 13059
Enzyme 2 Name Probable arylformamidase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Kynurenine formamidase
  2. KF
Enzyme 2 Gene Name AFMID
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Probable arylformamidase
MMDVSGVGFPSKVPWKKMSAEELENQYCPSRWVVRLGAEEALRTYSQIGIEATTRARATR
KSLLHVPYGDGEGEKVDIYFPDESSEALPFFLFFHGGYWQSGSKDESAFMVHPLTAQGVA
VVIVAYGIAPKGTLDHMVDQVTRSVAFVQKRYPSNKGIYLCGHSAGAHLAAMMLLADWTK
HGVTPNLRGFFLVSGVFDLEPIVYTSQNVALQLTLEDAQRNSPQLKVAQAQPVDPTCRVL
VVVGQFDSPEFHRQSWEFYQTLCQGEWKASFEELHDVDHFEIVENLTQKDNVLTQIILKT
IFQ
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 303
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 33991.5
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 5.78
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in hydrolase activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-formyl-L-kynurenine to L- kynurenine, the second step in the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid, NAD(H) and NADP(H). Required for elimination of toxic metabolites
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine [RN:R01959]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 124375910 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q63HM1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AFMID_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >912 bp
ATGATGGATGTGTCTGGTGTGGGTTTCCCAAGCAAGGTTCCTTGGAAGAAGATGTCTGCA
GAGGAGCTGGAGAATCAGTACTGTCCCAGCCGATGGGTTGTCCGACTGGGAGCAGAGGAA
GCCTTGAGGACCTACTCACAGATAGGAATTGAAGCCACCACAAGGGCCCGGGCCACCAGG
AAGAGCCTGCTGCATGTCCCCTATGGAGACGGCGAAGGGGAGAAAGTGGACATTTACTTC
CCCGACGAGTCGTCTGAAGCCTTGCCTTTCTTCCTGTTCTTTCACGGAGGATACTGGCAG
AGCGGAAGTAAGGATGAGTCTGCCTTCATGGTCCACCCGCTGACGGCACAGGGAGTGGCC
GTGGTAATAGTGGCTTACGGCATCGCCCCCAAAGGCACCCTGGACCACATGGTAGACCAG
GTGACCCGCAGCGTTGCGTTTGTCCAGAAGCGGTATCCAAGCAACAAGGGAATTTACCTG
TGTGGACACTCAGCCGGGGCCCACCTGGCTGCCATGATGCTCCTGGCCGACTGGACCAAG
CATGGGGTCACGCCCAACCTCAGAGGCTTTTTCCTGGTGAGTGGGGTCTTTGACCTGGAG
CCCATCGTGTATACTTCACAGAACGTTGCTCTCCAGCTGACCCTGGAGGACGCTCAGAGG
AATAGCCCCCAGCTGAAGGTGGCCCAGGCACAGCCGGTGGACCCCACCTGCCGTGTGCTG
GTGGTCGTGGGCCAGTTCGACTCCCCCGAATTCCACCGACAGTCCTGGGAGTTTTACCAG
ACCCTGTGTCAAGGAGAGTGGAAAGCCTCATTTGAAGAGCTCCACGATGTGGACCACTTT
GAAATTGTTGAGAATCTGACCCAGAAGGACAACGTGCTCACCCAGATTATCTTGAAAACA
ATCTTCCAGTAG
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID BC132824 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID AFMID Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID AFMID Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:20910 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 17q25.3
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 13115
Enzyme 3 Name Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. IDO-2
  2. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1
  3. Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1
Enzyme 3 Gene Name IDO2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
MEPHRPNVKTAVPLSLESYHISEEYGFLLPDSLKELPDHYRPWMEIANKLPQLIDAHQLQ
AHVDKMPLLSCQFLKGHREQRLAHLVLSFLTMGYVWQEGEAQPAEVLPRNLALPFVEVSR
NLGLPPILVHSDLVLTNWTKKDPDGFLEIGNLETIISFPGGESLHGFILVTALVEKEAVP
GIKALVQATNAILQPNQEALLQALQRLRLSIQDITKTLGQMHDYVDPDIFYAGIRIFLSG
WKDNPAMPAGLMYEGVSQEPLKYSGGSAAQSTVLHAFDEFLGIRHSKESGDFLYRMRDYM
PPSHKAFIEDIHSAPSLRDYILSSGQDHLLTAYNQCVQALAELRSYHITMVTKYLITAAA
KAKHGKPNHLPGPPQALKDRGTGGTAVMSFLKSVRDKTLESILHPRG
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 407
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 45423.9
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.84
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in heme binding
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 145204985 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6ZQW0 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name I23O2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1224 bp
ATGGAGCCCCACAGACCGAATGTGAAGACAGCAGTGCCATTGTCTTTGGAAAGCTATCAC
ATATCTGAAGAGTATGGCTTTCTTCTTCCAGATTCTCTGAAAGAACTTCCAGATCATTAT
AGGCCTTGGATGGAAATTGCCAACAAACTTCCTCAATTGATTGATGCTCACCAGCTTCAA
GCTCATGTGGACAAGATGCCCCTGCTGAGCTGCCAGTTCCTGAAGGGTCACCGGGAGCAG
CGCCTGGCCCACCTGGTCCTGAGCTTCCTCACCATGGGTTATGTCTGGCAGGAAGGAGAG
GCGCAGCCTGCAGAGGTCCTGCCAAGGAATCTTGCCCTTCCATTTGTCGAAGTCTCCAGG
AACTTGGGGCTCCCTCCTATCCTGGTCCACTCAGACTTGGTGCTGACGAACTGGACCAAA
AAAGATCCAGACGGATTCCTGGAAATTGGGAACCTGGAGACCATCATCTCATTTCCTGGG
GGAGAGAGCCTGCATGGTTTTATACTGGTGACTGCTTTGGTAGAGAAAGAAGCAGTGCCT
GGGATAAAGGCTCTTGTTCAGGCCACGAATGCTATCTTGCAGCCCAACCAGGAGGCCCTG
CTCCAAGCCCTGCAGCGACTGAGACTGTCTATTCAGGACATCACCAAAACCTTAGGACAG
ATGCATGATTATGTAGATCCAGACATATTTTATGCAGGCATCCGGATCTTTCTCTCTGGA
TGGAAAGACAACCCAGCAATGCCTGCAGGGCTGATGTATGAAGGAGTTTCCCAAGAGCCC
CTGAAATACTCCGGCGGGAGTGCAGCTCAGAGCACAGTGCTTCATGCCTTTGATGAGTTC
TTAGGCATTCGTCATAGCAAGGAAAGTGGTGACTTTCTGTACAGAATGAGGGATTACATG
CCTCCTTCCCATAAGGCCTTCATAGAAGACATCCACTCAGCACCTTCCCTGAGGGACTAC
ATCCTGTCCTCTGGACAGGACCACTTGCTGACAGCTTATAACCAGTGTGTGCAGGCCCTG
GCAGAGCTGCGGAGCTATCACATCACCATGGTCACCAAATACCTCATCACAGCTGCAGCC
AAGGCAAAGCATGGGAAGCCAAACCATCTCCCAGGGCCTCCTCAGGCTTTAAAAGACAGG
GGCACAGGTGGAACCGCAGTTATGAGCTTTCTTAAGAGTGTCAGGGATAAGACCTTGGAG
TCAATCCTTCACCCACGTGGTTAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID EF052681 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID IDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID IDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:27269 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 3 Locus 8p11.21
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Ball HJ, Sanchez-Perez A, Weiser S, Austin CJ, Astelbauer F, Miu J, McQuillan JA, Stocker R, Jermiin LS, Hunt NH: Characterization of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein found in humans and mice. Gene. 2007 Jul 1;396(1):203-13. Epub 2007 Apr 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nusbaum C, Mikkelsen TS, Zody MC, Asakawa S, Taudien S, Garber M, Kodira CD, Schueler MG, Shimizu A, Whittaker CA, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Yang X, Allen NR, Anderson S, Asakawa T, Blechschmidt K, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Butler J, Cook A, Corum B, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dooley KT, Dorris L 3rd, Engels R, Glockner G, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hall JL, Ishikawa SK, Jaffe DB, Kamat A, Kudoh J, Lehmann R, Lokitsang T, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews CD, Mauceli E, Menzel U, Mihalev AH, Minoshima S, Murayama Y, Naylor JW, Nicol R, Nguyen C, O'Leary SB, O'Neill K, Parker SC, Polley A, Raymond CK, Reichwald K, Rodriguez J, Sasaki T, Schilhabel M, Siddiqui R, Smith CL, Sneddon TP, Talamas JA, Tenzin P, Topham K, Venkataraman V, Wen G, Yamazaki S, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Rosenthal A, Birren BW, Platzer M, Shimizu N, Lander ES: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8. Nature. 2006 Jan 19;439(7074):331-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Metz R, Duhadaway JB, Kamasani U, Laury-Kleintop L, Muller AJ, Prendergast GC: Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan. Cancer Res. 2007 Aug 1;67(15):7082-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 13117
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA FLJ75236, highly similar to Human tryptophan oxygenase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. TDOmRNA
  2. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, isoform CRA_b
Enzyme 4 Gene Name TDO2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75236, highly similar to Human tryptophan oxygenase
MSGCPFLGNNFGYTFKKLPVEGSEEDKSQTGVNRASKGGLIYGNYLHLEKVLNAQELQSE
TKGNKIHDEHLFIITHQAYELWFKQILWELDSVREIFQNGHVRDERNMLKVVSRMHRVSV
ILKLLVQQFSILETMTALDFNDFREYLSPASGFQSLQFRLLENKIGVLQNMRVPYNRRHY
RDNFKGEENELLLKSEQEKTLLELVEAWLERTPGLEPHGFNFWGKLEKNITRGLEEEFIR
IQAKEESEEKEEQVAEFQKQKEVLLSLFDEKRHEHLLSKGERRLSYRALQGALMIYFYRE
EPRFQVPFQLLTSLMDIDSLMTKWRYNHVCMVHRMLGSKAGTGGSSGYHYLRSTVSDRYK
VFVDLFNLSTYLIPRHWIPKMNPTIHKFLYTAEYCDSSYFSSDESD
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 406
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 47872
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 6.93
Enzyme 4 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 4 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 158259859 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K053 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K053_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK289418 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID A8K053 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 13118
Enzyme 5 Name Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. SubName: Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase), isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 5 Gene Name KYNU
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)
MEPSSLELPADTVQRIAAELKCHPTDERVALHLDEEDKLRHFRECFYIPKIQDLPPVDLS
LVNKDENAIYFLGNSLGLQPKMVKTYLEEELDKWAKIAAYGHEVGKRPWITGDESIVGLM
KDIVGANEKEIALMNALTVNLHLLMLSFFKPTPKRYKILLEAKAFPSDHYAIESQLQLHG
LNIEESMRMIKPREGEETLRIEDILEVIEKEGDSIAVILFSGVHFYTGQHFNIPAITKAG
QAKGCYVGFDLAHAVGNVELYLHDWGVDFACWCSYKYLNAGAGGIAGAFIHEKHAHTIKP
ARSEFFN
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 307
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 34634.5
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 5.71
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds
  • hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances
  • kynureninase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
  • NAD biosynthetic process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process
  • cellular biogenic amine metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • coenzyme biosynthetic process
  • coenzyme metabolic process
  • cofactor metabolic process
  • indolalkylamine metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process
  • pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
  • tryptophan catabolic process
  • tryptophan metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in metabolic process
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 12654129 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BVW3 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q9BVW3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >924 bp
ATGGAGCCTTCATCTCTTGAGCTGCCGGCTGACACAGTGCAGCGCATTGCGGCTGAACTC
AAATGCCACCCAACGGATGAGAGGGTGGCTCTCCACCTAGATGAGGAAGATAAGCTGAGG
CACTTCAGGGAGTGCTTTTATATTCCCAAAATACAGGATCTGCCTCCAGTTGATTTATCA
TTAGTGAATAAAGATGAAAATGCCATCTATTTCTTGGGAAATTCTCTTGGCCTTCAACCA
AAAATGGTTAAAACATATCTTGAAGAAGAACTAGATAAGTGGGCCAAAATAGCAGCCTAT
GGTCATGAAGTGGGGAAGCGTCCTTGGATTACAGGAGATGAGAGTATTGTAGGCCTTATG
AAGGACATTGTAGGAGCCAATGAGAAAGAAATAGCCCTAATGAATGCTTTGACTGTAAAT
TTACATCTTCTAATGTTATCATTTTTTAAGCCTACGCCAAAACGATATAAAATTCTTCTA
GAAGCCAAAGCCTTCCCTTCTGATCATTATGCTATTGAGTCACAACTACAACTTCACGGA
CTTAACATTGAAGAAAGTATGCGGATGATAAAGCCAAGAGAGGGGGAAGAAACCTTAAGA
ATAGAGGATATCCTTGAAGTAATTGAGAAGGAAGGAGACTCAATTGCAGTGATCCTGTTC
AGTGGGGTGCATTTTTACACTGGACAGCACTTTAATATTCCTGCCATCACAAAAGCTGGA
CAAGCGAAGGGTTGTTATGTTGGCTTTGATCTAGCACATGCAGTTGGAAATGTTGAACTC
TACTTACATGACTGGGGAGTTGATTTTGCCTGCTGGTGTTCCTACAAGTATTTAAATGCA
GGAGCAGGAGGAATTGCTGGTGCCTTCATTCATGAAAAGCATGCCCATACGATTAAACCT
GCGAGATCGGAGTTCTTTAATTAG
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID BC000879 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID KYNU Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID KYNU Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:6469 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 5 Locus 2q22.2
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available