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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Aluminum (HMDB01247)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-05-29 13:30:56 -0600
HMDB ID HMDB01247
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name Aluminum
Description Aluminium is a soft, lightweight metal with appearance ranging from silvery to dull gray, depending on the surface roughness. Data indicate that aluminum contaminates much of the raw material used to manufacture solutions used for intravenous nutritional support of hospitalized and ambulatory patients, and that pharmaceutical manufacturers have only recently obtained the technology necessary to detect aluminum contamination of their products. As a result, aluminum bypassed normal barriers and entered the blood, accumulating in tissues such as bone, liver and the central nervous system with toxic consequences. Now that the FDA has finally issued a rule governing aluminum contamination in these solutions, manufacturers will need to develop methods to minimize such contamination; scientists should also realize that when data they obtain indicate a serious problem in the manufacturing sector they should be sure that the problem is properly addressed.Physiologically, this metal/element. exists as an ion in the body. (PMID: 16198633 Link_out).
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. Al
  2. Alloy
  3. ALN
  4. Alugel
  5. Alum
  6. Alumen
  7. Alumina
Chemical Formula Al
Average Molecular Weight 26.9815386
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 26.981538441
IUPAC Name aluminium(3+) ion
Traditional IUPAC Name aluminium(3+)
CAS Registry Number 7429-90-5
SMILES [Al+3]
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/Al/q+3
InChI Key REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Inorganic Compounds
Super Class Homogeneous Metal Compounds
Class Homogeneous Post-transition Metal Compounds
Sub Class N/A
Other Descriptors
  • a cation(Cyc)
  • aluminium cation(ChEBI)
  • monoatomic aluminium(ChEBI)
  • monoatomic trication(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • N/A
Direct Parent Homogeneous Post-transition Metal Compounds
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Drug
  • Food
Biofunction
  • Osmolyte, enzyme cofactor, signalling
Application Not Available
Cellular locations Not Available
Physical Properties
State Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point 660 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility Not Available Not Available
LogP Not Available Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
LogP 1.45 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 0 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon
Refractivity 0 ChemAxon
Polarizability 1.78 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 3 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge 3 ChemAxon
Spectra
Not Available
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations Not Available
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Location Not Available
Pathways Not Available
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Reference
Blood Detected and Quantified
0.1 +/- 0.056 uM Elderly (>65 years old) Both Normal
Blood Detected and Quantified
0.185 (0.019-0.482) uM Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal
  • Geigy Scient...
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
109 +/- 26 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal
  • Mandal R, Gu...
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
12.1+/-6.33 (7.4-25.9) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal
Urine Detected and Quantified
0.31 (0.05-1.21) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Comment Normal
  • Bouatra, S. ...
Urine Detected and Quantified
<0.14650 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal
Urine Detected and Quantified
0.667 +/- 0.037 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal
Urine Detected and Quantified
0.024 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Reference
Blood Detected and Quantified 0.89 +/- 0.79 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Multiple sclerosis
Blood Detected and Quantified 0.11 +/- 0.00061 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Parkinson's disease
Blood Detected and Quantified 0.0823 +/- 0.0460 uM Elderly (>65 years old) Both Alzheimer's disease
Urine Detected and Quantified 0.0712 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Male Abnormal
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alzheimer's disease
  • Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203. Pubmed: 16244393 Link_out
    Multiple sclerosis
    • Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6. Pubmed: 16244395 Link_out
      Parkinson's disease
      • Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. Pubmed: 16244392 Link_out
        Associated OMIM IDs
        DrugBank ID DB01370 Link_out
        DrugBank Metabolite ID Not Available
        Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
        Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
        FoodDB ID FDB003570
        KNApSAcK ID Not Available
        Chemspider ID 94544 Link_out
        KEGG Compound ID C06264 Link_out
        BioCyc ID Not Available
        BiGG ID Not Available
        Wikipedia Link Aluminum Link_out
        NuGOwiki Link HMDB01247 Link_out
        Metagene Link HMDB01247 Link_out
        METLIN ID Not Available
        PubChem Compound 104727 Link_out
        PDB ID AL Link_out
        ChEBI ID 49470 Link_out
        References
        Synthesis Reference Kang, B. S.; Kim, W. B.; Park, Y. S.; Yoo, Y. H. Recovery of aluminum from anthracite ash. Konghak Nonjip (1989), 30 57-70.
        Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
        General References
        1. Strunecka A, Strunecky O, Patocka J: Fluoride plus aluminum: useful tools in laboratory investigations, but messengers of false information. Physiol Res. 2002;51(6):557-64. Pubmed: 12511178 Link_out
        2. Elmore AR: Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite. Int J Toxicol. 2003;22 Suppl 1:37-102. Pubmed: 12851164 Link_out
        3. Savory J, Herman MM, Ghribi O: Intracellular mechanisms underlying aluminum-induced apoptosis in rabbit brain. J Inorg Biochem. 2003 Sep 15;97(1):151-4. Pubmed: 14507471 Link_out
        4. Arnold CJ, Miller GG, Zello GA: Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in neonates: the role of aluminum. Nutr Rev. 2003 Sep;61(9):306-10. Pubmed: 14552065 Link_out
        5. Zatta P, Lucchini R, van Rensburg SJ, Taylor A: The role of metals in neurodegenerative processes: aluminum, manganese, and zinc. Brain Res Bull. 2003 Nov 15;62(1):15-28. Pubmed: 14596888 Link_out
        6. Gherardi RK, Authier FJ: Aluminum inclusion macrophagic myofasciitis: a recently identified condition. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;23(4):699-712. Pubmed: 14753387 Link_out
        7. Becaria A, Campbell A, Bondy SC: Aluminum as a toxicant. Toxicol Ind Health. 2002 Aug;18(7):309-20. Pubmed: 15068131 Link_out
        8. Klein GL: Aluminum: new recognition of an old problem. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;5(6):637-40. Epub 2005 Sep 28. Pubmed: 16198633 Link_out
        9. Kawahara M: Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis. 2005 Nov;8(2):171-82; discussion 209-15. Pubmed: 16308486 Link_out
        10. Aremu DA, Meshitsuka S: Some aspects of astroglial functions and aluminum implications for neurodegeneration. Brain Res Rev. 2006 Aug 30;52(1):193-200. Epub 2006 Mar 10. Pubmed: 16529821 Link_out
        11. Perl DP, Moalem S: Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease, a personal perspective after 25 years. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006;9(3 Suppl):291-300. Pubmed: 17004365 Link_out
        12. Savory J, Herman MM, Ghribi O: Mechanisms of aluminum-induced neurodegeneration in animals: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):135-44. Pubmed: 17119283 Link_out
        13. Campbell A: The role of aluminum and copper on neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):165-72. Pubmed: 17119285 Link_out
        14. Miu AC, Benga O: Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease: a new look. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):179-201. Pubmed: 17119287 Link_out
        15. Yokel RA: Blood-brain barrier flux of aluminum, manganese, iron and other metals suspected to contribute to metal-induced neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):223-53. Pubmed: 17119290 Link_out
        16. Domingo JL: Aluminum and other metals in Alzheimer's disease: a review of potential therapy with chelating agents. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):331-41. Pubmed: 17119296 Link_out
        17. Riggs K, Keller M, Humphreys TR: Ablative laser resurfacing: high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet. Clin Dermatol. 2007 Sep-Oct;25(5):462-73. Pubmed: 17870524 Link_out
        18. Hem SL, Hogenesch H: Relationship between physical and chemical properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants and immunopotentiation. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2007 Oct;6(5):685-98. Pubmed: 17931150 Link_out
        19. Nokleby H: Neurological adverse events of immunization: experience with an aluminum adjuvanted meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2007 Oct;6(5):863-9. Pubmed: 17931164 Link_out
        Enzymes
        Name: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
        Reactions: Not Available
        Gene Name: ATP1A1
        Uniprot ID: P05023 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Serotransferrin
        Reactions: Not Available
        Gene Name: TF
        Uniprot ID: P02787 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA