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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Hydroxypyruvic acid (HMDB01352)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:41
Accession Number HMDB01352
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Hydroxypyruvic acid
Description Hydroxypyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycine, serine and threonine. It is a substrate for Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase and Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
Synonyms
  1. 3-Hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate
  2. 3-Hydroxy-2-oxopropanoic acid
  3. 3-Hydroxypyruvate
  4. 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid
  5. Hydroxypyruvate
  6. OH-pyr
  7. OH-pyruvate
  8. beta-Hydroxypyruvate
Chemical IUPAC Name 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-propanoic acid
Chemical Formula C3H4O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Organic acids
Class
  • Hydroxy Acids
Sub Class
  • Short chain hydroxy acids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • primary alcohol
  • carboxylic acid
Biofunction
  • Component of Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 104.062
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 104.010956
Isomeric SMILES OCC(=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES OCC(=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C00168 Link Image
BioCyc ID OH-PYR Link Image
BiGG ID 34120 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01352 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01352 Link Image
METLIN ID 482 Link Image
PubChem Compound 964 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7885304 Link Image
ChEBI ID 30841 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 1113-60-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h4H,1H2,(H,6,7)
Synthesis Reference Behal, Francis J. Hydroxypyruvic acid formation in Aspergillus niger. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (1960), 88 110-12.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 208.99998 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.43 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.5 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
  • mitochondria
  • peroxisome
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Glycine and Serine Metabolism SMP00004 Link Image map00260 Link Image
General References
  1. Kolvraa S, Rasmussen K, Brandt NJ: D-glyceric acidemia: biohcemical studies of a new syndrome. Pediatr Res. 1976 Oct;10(10):825-30. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
  3. Putative hydroxypyruvate isomerase
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 6069
Enzyme 1 Name Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. SPT
  2. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. AGT
Enzyme 1 Gene Name AGXT
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
MASHKLLVTPPKALLKPLSIPNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAAGGLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEI
KEGIQYVFQTRNPLTLVISGSGHCALEAALVNVLEPGDSFLVGANGIWGQRAVDIGERIG
ARVHPMTKDPGGHYTLQEVEEGLAQHKPVLLFLTHGESSTGVLQPLDGFGELCHRYKCLL
LVDSVASLGGTPLYMDRQGIDILYSGSQKALNAPPGTSLISFSDKAKKKMYSRKTKPFSF
YLDIKWLANFWGCDDQPRMYHHTIPVISLYSLRESLALIAEQGLENSWRQHREAAAYLHG
RLQALGLQLFVKDPALRLPTVTTVAVPAGYDWRDIVSYVIDHFDIEIMGGLGPSTGKVLR
IGLLGCNATRENVDRVTEALRAALQHCPKKKL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 392
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 43009.5
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.55
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in metabolic process
Enzyme 1 Specific Function L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L- alanine
Enzyme 1 Pathways
  • Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 Link Image)
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine [RN:R00585]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 36582 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21549 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SPYA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1H0C Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1179 bp
ATGGCCTCTCACAAGCTGCTGGTGACCCCCCCCAAGGCCCTGCTCAAGCCCCTCTCCATC
CCCAACCAGCTCCTGCTGGGGCCTGGTCCTTCCAACCTGCCTCCTCGCATCATGGCAGCC
GGGGGGCTGCAGATGATCGGGTCCATGAGCAAGGATATGTACCAGATCATGGACGAGATC
AAGGAAGGCATCCAGTACGTGTTCCAGACCAGGAACCCACTCACACTGGTCATCTCTGGC
TCGGGACACTGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGCCCTGGTCAATGTGCTGGAGCCTGGGGACTCCTTC
CTGGTTGGGGCCAATGGCATTTGGGGGCAGCGAGCCGTGGACATCGGGGAGCGCATAGGA
GCCCGAGTGCACCCGATGACCAAGGACCCTGGAGGCCACTACACACTGCAGGAGGTGGAG
GAGGGCCTGGCCCAGCACAAGCCAGTGCTGCTGTTCTTAACCCACGGGGAGTCGTCCACC
GGCGTGCTGCAGCCCCTTGATGGCTTCGGGGAACTCTGCCACAGGTACAAGTGCCTGCTC
CTGGTGGATTCGGTGGCATCCCTGGGCGGGACCCCCCTTTACATGGACCGGCAAGGCATC
GACATCCTGTACTCGGGCTCCCAGAAGGCCCTGAACGCCCCTCCAGGGACCTCGCTCATC
TCCTTCAGTGACAAGGCCAAAAAGAAGATGTACTCCCGCAAGACGAAGCCCTTCTCCTTC
TACCTGGACATCAAGTGGCTGGCCAACTTCTGGGGCTGTGACGACCAGCCCAGGATGTAC
CATCACACAATCCCCGTCATCAGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGAGAGAGCCTGGCCCTCATTGCG
GAACAGGGCCTGGAGAACAGCTGGCGCCAGCACCGCGAGGCCGCGGCGTATCTGCATGGG
CGCCTGCAGGCACTGGGGCTGCAGCTCTTCGTGAAGGACCCGGCGCTCCGGCTTCCCACA
GTCACCACTGTGGCTGTACCCGCTGGCTATGACTGGAGAGACATCGTCAGCTACGTCATA
GACCACTTCGACATTGAGATCATGGGTGGCCTTGGGCCCTCCACGGGGAAGGTGCTGCGG
ATCGGCCTGCTGGGCTGCAATGCCACCCGCGAGAATGTGGACCGCGTGACGGAGGCCCTG
AGGGCGGCCCTGCAGCACTGCCCCAAGAAGAAGCTGTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X56092 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID AGXT Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID AGXT Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:341 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 1 Locus 2q37.3
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Nishiyama K, Berstein G, Oda T, Ichiyama A: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human liver serine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Nov 26;194(1):9-18. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ: Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ: Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):517-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ: Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):34-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Zhang X, Roe SM, Hou Y, Bartlam M, Rao Z, Pearl LH, Danpure CJ: Crystal structure of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and the relationship between genotype and enzymatic phenotype in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):643-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A: Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1093-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Allsop J, Minatogawa Y, Danpure CJ: A glycine-to-glutamate substitution abolishes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity in a subset of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Genomics. 1992 May;13(1):215-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R: A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Nov;1(8):643-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al.: Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Aug;53(2):417-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Danpure CJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie. 1993;75(3-4):309-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: a cluster of new mutations in exon 7 of the AGXT gene. J Med Genet. 1997 Jun;34(6):489-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Identification of new mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). J Nephrol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 1:15-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: primary hyperoxaluria type I. Hum Genet. 1999 May;104(5):441. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Amoroso A, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Molecular analysis of hyperoxaluria type 1 in Italian patients reveals eight new mutations in the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):523-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Rinat C, Wanders RJ, Drukker A, Halle D, Frishberg Y: Primary hyperoxaluria type I: a model for multiple mutations in a monogenic disease within a distinct ethnic group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Nov;10(11):2352-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D: Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000 Jun;15(6):577. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ: Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):36415-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Coulter-Mackie MB, Tung A, Henderson HE, Toone JR, Applegarth DA: The AGT gene in Africa: a distinctive minor allele haplotype, a polymorphism (V326I), and a novel PH1 mutation (A112D) in Black Africans. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Jan;78(1):44-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7277-82. Epub 2003 May 30. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. van Woerden CS, Groothoff JW, Wijburg FA, Annink C, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR: Clinical implications of mutation analysis in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):746-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Monico CG, Olson JB, Milliner DS: Implications of genotype and enzyme phenotype in pyridoxine response of patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Nephrol. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):183-8. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Frishberg Y, Rinat C, Shalata A, Khatib I, Feinstein S, Becker-Cohen R, Weismann I, Wanders RJ, Rumsby G, Roels F, Mandel H: Intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Israel. Am J Nephrol. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):269-75. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Coulter-Mackie MB, Lian Q, Applegarth D, Toone J: The major allele of the alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene: nine novel mutations and polymorphisms associated with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;86(1-2):172-8. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 13057
Enzyme 2 Name Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. SubName: Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, isoform CRA_b
  2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ96788, Homo sapiens glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase(GRHPR), mRNA
Enzyme 2 Gene Name GRHPR
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
MRPVRLMKVFVTRRIPAEGRVALARAADCEVEQWDSDEPIPAKELERGVAGAHGLLCLLS
DHVDKRILDAAGANLKVISTMSVGIDHLALDEIKKRGIRVGYTPDVLTDTTAELAVSLLL
TTCRRLPEAIEEVKNGGWTSWKPLWLCGYGLTQSTVGIIGLGRIGQAIARRLKPFGVQRF
LYTGRQPRPEEAAEFQAEFVSTPELAAQSDFIVVACSLTPATEGLCNKDFFQKMKETAVF
INISRGDVVNQDDLYQALASGKIAAAGLDVTSPEPLPTNHPLLTLKNCVILPHIGSATHR
TRNTMSLLAANNLLAGLRGEPMPSELKL
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 328
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 35667.9
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 7.44
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • NAD or NADH binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 189055069 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5T945 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q5T945_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >987 bp
ATGAGACCGGTGCGACTCATGAAGGTGTTCGTCACCCGCAGGATACCCGCCGAGGGTAGG
GTCGCGCTCGCCCGGGCGGCAGACTGTGAGGTGGAGCAGTGGGACTCGGATGAGCCCATC
CCTGCCAAGGAGCTAGAGCGAGGTGTGGCGGGGGCCCACGGCCTGCTCTGCCTCCTCTCC
GACCACGTGGACAAGAGGATCCTGGATGCTGCAGGGGCCAATCTCAAAGTCATCAGCACC
ATGTCTGTGGGCATCGACCACTTGGCTTTGGATGAAATCAAGAAGCGTGGGATCCGAGTT
GGCTACACCCCAGATGTCCTGACAGATACCACCGCCGAACTCGCAGTCTCCCTGCTACTT
ACCACCTGCCGCCGGTTGCCGGAGGCCATCGAGGAAGTGAAGAATGGTGGCTGGACCTCG
TGGAAGCCCCTCTGGCTGTGTGGCTATGGACTCACGCAGAGCACTGTCGGCATCATCGGG
CTGGGGCGCATAGGCCAGGCCATTGCTCGGCGTCTGAAACCATTCGGTGTCCAGAGATTT
CTGTACACAGGGCGCCAGCCCAGGCCTGAGGAAGCAGCGGAATTCCAGGCAGAGTTTGTG
TCTACCCCTGAGCTGGCTGCCCAATCTGATTTCATCGTCGTGGCCTGCTCCTTAACACCT
GCAACCGAGGGACTCTGCAACAAGGACTTCTTCCAGAAGATGAAGGAAACAGCTGTGTTC
ATCAACATCAGCAGGGGCGACGTCGTAAACCAGGACGACCTGTACCAGGCCTTGGCCAGT
GGTAAGATTGCAGCTGCTGGACTGGATGTGACGAGCCCAGAACCACTGCCTACAAACCAC
CCTCTCCTGACCCTGAAGAACTGTGTGATTCTGCCCCACATTGGCAGTGCCACCCACAGA
ACCCGCAACACCATGTCCTTGTTGGCAGCTAACAACTTGCTGGCTGGCCTGAGAGGGGAG
CCGATGCCTAGTGAACTCAAGCTGTAG
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AK315690 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID GRHPR Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID GRHPR Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:4570 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 2 Locus 9q12
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 15963
Enzyme 3 Name Putative hydroxypyruvate isomerase
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Endothelial cell apoptosis protein E-CE1
Enzyme 3 Gene Name HYI
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Putative hydroxypyruvate isomerase
MAPLRFSANLSWLFPELSGLPARVRAAGSSGFEAVEVAWPYAETPEALARAAREAGLRLV
LINTPPGDQEKGEMGLGAVPGRQAAFREGLEQAVRYAKALGCPRIHLMAGRVPQGADRIA
VKAEMEAVFLENLRHAAGVLAQEDLVGLLEPINTRITDPQYFLDTPQQAAAILQKVGRPN
LQLQMDIFHWQIMDGNLTGNIREFLPIVGHVQVAQVPGRGEPSSPGELNFPYLFQLLEDE
GYKGFVGCEYQPRGDTVEGLSWLRSYWDRRGHPEAGQ
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 277
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 30405.4
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 5.19
Enzyme 3 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 3 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate [RN:R01394]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 300068962 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5T013 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HYI_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >834 bp
ATGGCGCCGCTGCGCTTCTCCGCCAATCTGTCCTGGCTATTCCCCGAGCTCTCCGGCCTC
CCCGCGCGGGTGCGGGCCGCGGGCAGCTCGGGCTTCGAGGCCGTCGAGGTGGCCTGGCCG
TACGCGGAGACGCCTGAGGCGCTGGCGCGCGCCGCGCGAGAAGCGGGGCTGCGGCTTGTA
CTGATCAACACGCCCCCGGGAGACCAAGAGAAGGGGGAAATGGGGCTGGGGGCCGTCCCC
GGGAGACAGGCGGCCTTCCGAGAGGGACTGGAGCAGGCCGTGCGGTATGCCAAAGCCCTG
GGCTGTCCCAGGATCCACCTGATGGCTGGCCGAGTACCCCAGGGAGCTGATCGAATAGCA
GTCAAGGCTGAGATGGAGGCCGTTTTTCTGGAGAACCTGAGGCATGCAGCTGGGGTTTTG
GCTCAGGAGGACCTCGTGGGACTGCTGGAGCCCATCAACACCCGCATCACTGACCCCCAG
TACTTCCTGGACACGCCCCAGCAGGCGGCAGCCATCTTACAGAAGGTAGGAAGACCCAAC
CTCCAATTACAAATGGACATATTCCACTGGCAGATCATGGATGGGAACCTGACAGGAAAC
ATCCGGGAGTTCCTGCCCATTGTTGGGCATGTGCAGGTGGCACAGGTCCCAGGCCGAGGG
GAGCCCAGCAGCCCCGGAGAGCTGAATTTCCCCTATCTGTTTCAACTGCTGGAAGATGAA
GGCTACAAAGGCTTCGTGGGCTGTGAGTATCAGCCTCGAGGAGACACAGTAGAGGGCTTG
AGTTGGCTACGTTCATACTGGGATAGGCGGGGCCACCCAGAGGCTGGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID NM_001190880.1 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID HYI Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID HYI Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:26948 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1p34.2
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available