| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:30 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:01 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0001987 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid |
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| Description | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid, also known as (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate or 2-methyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-3-5(2,8)4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate | Generator | | (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate | HMDB | | (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid | HMDB | | (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | (+/-)-a-hydroxy-a-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | (+/-)-alpha-hydroxy-alpha-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl butyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butanoate | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butyrate | HMDB, Generator | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-N-butyrate | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-N-butyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid | HMDB | | a-Hydroxy-a-methyl-butyric acid | HMDB | | a-Hydroxy-a-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-butyric acid | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C5H10O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 118.1311 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 118.062994186 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 3739-30-8 |
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| SMILES | CCC(C)(O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-3-5(2,8)4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) |
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| InChI Key | MBIQENSCDNJOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Hydroxy fatty acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Branched fatty acid
- Hydroxy fatty acid
- Methyl-branched fatty acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Tertiary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 74 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 1.83 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.9499 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.88 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 107.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1129.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 342.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 90.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 195.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 56.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 361.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 420.5 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 113.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 675.9 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 217.0 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 881.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 241.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 247.2 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 484.3 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 291.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 168.0 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1117.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CCC(C)(O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1005.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1139.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1351.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCC(C)(O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1243.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1608.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-05fu-9100000000-c1a485cb07f0e01d496b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-010a-9720000000-17fc3516e0b12dfe8891 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0kml-9100000000-e255071f7864eb24d52b | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0a4m-9000000000-182db94e75153cc5fe7e | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-0b6fff2f0bd2398fd3da | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00xr-9400000000-2c345c81c4e7d0adda1f | 2021-09-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00xr-9400000000-2c345c81c4e7d0adda1f | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udl-3900000000-e3a36ea2735fe0adee10 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9000000000-ca684c90aea7a8978860 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-7aff4fb32a653cf10765 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052b-9000000000-d95699a47657772ec28b | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-dd58382320e8a790d761 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gi0-6900000000-8ff2da5d9ad778c414d8 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0l9r-9400000000-1c799a2ce1690ef0b9b0 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-ab6ea008b1316fb4e28d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-6900000000-695acf62fd24b0a8056e | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9100000000-8798c599a99d917ff1d9 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9000000000-4262713c5b9c8e0e7c92 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9200000000-339b88bdf89fa18818f0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-23fdf7ac403bc732b18f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-c91f3f5946e47e0898f1 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-0fb707df87ac8f8919b9 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-3900000000-4ac52ee77b52ef304aa7 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-0673811c3ca40c50612c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.8 +/- 1.5 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.8(0.4-1.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.998 +/- 0.926 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Urine | Detected and Quantified | 14.4 +/- 3.9 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | tert-Amyl-methyl ether exposed | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.384 +/- 3.843 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3.961 +/- 6.507 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Gastroesophageal reflux disease | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | tert-Amyl-methyl ether exposed |
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- Amberg A, Rosner E, Dekant W: Biotransformation and kinetics of excretion of tert-amyl-methyl ether in humans and rats after inhalation exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jun;55(2):274-83. [PubMed:10828258 ]
| | Eosinophilic esophagitis |
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- Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
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| Associated OMIM IDs | - 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB022784 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00052118 |
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| Chemspider ID | 86129 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | 6416 |
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| PubChem Compound | 95433 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 68454 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | MDB00000361 |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Young, Wm. G.; Dillon, Robert T.; Lucas, Howard J. Synthesis of the isomeric 2-butenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1929), 51 2528-34. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Holmes E, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy characterisation of the complex metabolic pattern of urine from patients with inborn errors of metabolism: 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1997 Jul;15(11):1647-59. [PubMed:9260660 ]
- Amberg A, Rosner E, Dekant W: Biotransformation and kinetics of excretion of tert-amyl-methyl ether in humans and rats after inhalation exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jun;55(2):274-83. [PubMed:10828258 ]
- Fu X, Kimura M, Iga M, Yamaguchi S: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening for organic acidemias using dried urine filter paper: determination of alpha-ketoacids. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jul 5;758(1):87-94. [PubMed:11482739 ]
- Dekant W, Bernauer U, Rosner E, Amberg A: Biotransformation of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME after inhalation or ingestion in rats and humans. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2001 May;(102):29-71; discussion 95-109. [PubMed:11504147 ]
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