| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:52 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:15 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0002398 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Crocin |
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| Description | Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) that has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer. Saffron is now used worldwide in folk medicine and is reputed to be useful in treating various human disorders such as heart and blood disorders. Stroke and heart attack are involved in reputed folkloric uses of saffron. Saffron is orally administrated as a decoction. Saffron extract exerts a protective effect on renal ischemia reperfusion induced oxidative damage in rats. Crocin suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha-induced apoptosis of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by modulating mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins, which trigger downstream signals culminating in caspase-3 activation followed by cell death. Depriving cultured PC12 cells of serum/glucose causes a rapid increase in cellular ceramide levels, followed by an increase in the risk of cell death. The accumulation of ceramide was found to depend on the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase). Crocin prevented the activation of nSMase by enhancing the transcription of gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthase, which contributes to a stable glutathione supply that blocks the activity of nSMase. (PMID: 17215084 ). Crocetin esters present in saffron stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. (PMID: 16448211 ). |
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| Structure | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C44H64O24/c1-19(11-7-13-21(3)39(59)67-43-37(57)33(53)29(49)25(65-43)17-61-41-35(55)31(51)27(47)23(15-45)63-41)9-5-6-10-20(2)12-8-14-22(4)40(60)68-44-38(58)34(54)30(50)26(66-44)18-62-42-36(56)32(52)28(48)24(16-46)64-42/h5-14,23-38,41-58H,15-18H2,1-4H3/b6-5+,11-7+,12-8+,19-9+,20-10+,21-13+,22-14+/t23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38-,41-,42-,43+,44+/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| alpha-Crocin | ChEBI | | Bis(beta-D-gentiobiosyl) crocetin | ChEBI | | C.I. 75100 | ChEBI | | Crocetin di-beta-D-gentiobiose ester | ChEBI | | Crocetin di-gentiobiose ester | ChEBI | | Crocetin digentiobioside | ChEBI | | Crocine | ChEBI | | Natural red 1 | ChEBI | | Natural yellow 19 | ChEBI | | Natural yellow 6 | ChEBI | | Saffron | ChEBI | | trans-Crocetin bis(beta-D-gentiobiosyl) ester | ChEBI | | a-Crocin | Generator | | Α-crocin | Generator | | Bis(b-D-gentiobiosyl) crocetin | Generator | | Bis(β-D-gentiobiosyl) crocetin | Generator | | Crocetin di-b-D-gentiobiose ester | Generator | | Crocetin di-β-D-gentiobiose ester | Generator | | trans-Crocetin bis(b-D-gentiobiosyl) ester | Generator | | trans-Crocetin bis(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester | Generator | | all-trans-Crocetin di-beta-D-gentiobiosyl ester | HMDB | | all-trans-Crocetin di-beta-delta-gentiobiosyl ester | HMDB | | Crocetin bis(gentiobiosyl) ester | HMDB | | Crocetin digentiobiose ester | HMDB | | Crocin 1 | HMDB | | Gardenia yellow | HMDB | | Saffron (JP15) | HMDB | | Crocin | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C44H64O24 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 976.972 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 976.378752941 |
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| IUPAC Name | bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate |
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| Traditional Name | saffron |
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| CAS Registry Number | 42553-65-1 |
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| SMILES | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C44H64O24/c1-19(11-7-13-21(3)39(59)67-43-37(57)33(53)29(49)25(65-43)17-61-41-35(55)31(51)27(47)23(15-45)63-41)9-5-6-10-20(2)12-8-14-22(4)40(60)68-44-38(58)34(54)30(50)26(66-44)18-62-42-36(56)32(52)28(48)24(16-46)64-42/h5-14,23-38,41-58H,15-18H2,1-4H3/b6-5+,11-7+,12-8+,19-9+,20-10+,21-13+,22-14+/t23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38-,41-,42-,43+,44+/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-RTJKDTQDSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Diterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Diterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Diterpenoid
- Disaccharide
- Glycosyl compound
- O-glycosyl compound
- Fatty acid ester
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acyl
- Oxane
- Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
- Enoate ester
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Secondary alcohol
- Polyol
- Acetal
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Primary alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 3.6 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 17.9154 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 5.28 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 238.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 3371.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 206.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 92.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 202.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 120.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 503.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 533.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 441.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1206.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 569.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1510.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 467.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 345.7 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 382.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 339.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 9.0 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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